What caused the Rwandan Genocide? - Susanne Buckley-Zistel

1,489,944 views ใƒป 2023-06-27

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kwon Beomjin ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:08
For 100 days in 1994, the African country of Rwanda
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1994๋…„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค๋Š” 100์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
00:13
suffered a horrific campaign of mass murder.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ•™์‚ด์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Neighbor turned against neighbor as violence engulfed the region,
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ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ฎ์ณ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค๋งˆ์ € ์„œ๋กœ ์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด
00:21
resulting in the deaths of over one-tenth of the countryโ€™s population.
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 10๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
The seeds of this conflict were planted a century earlier,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์˜ ์”จ๋Š” ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:29
first when German, and later Belgian, colonizers arrived in the country.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋…์ผ, ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์— ์‹๋ฏผ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
At the time, Rwanda was ruled by a monarchy of Tutsi,
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๋‹น์‹œ์— ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค๋Š” ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ ์™•๊ตญ์ด ํ†ต์น˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:39
one of the three ethnic groups comprising the population.
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ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ์€ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ถ€์กฑ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Tutsi and the even smaller Twa communities were minority groups,
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ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ ์€ ํŠธ์™€์กฑ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜€๊ณ ,
00:47
while Hutu composed the majority.
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ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Many Hutus and Tutsi civilians were on good terms,
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ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
but colonial powers encouraged political division.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹๋ฏผ ์„ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜์  ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์กฐ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Belgians enforced record keeping around ethnic identity,
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๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•์••์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:01
and created a public narrative that cast Tutsi as elite rulers
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๊ณต๊ณต์—ฐํžˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋‚ด์„œ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ์€ ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๋กœ
01:06
and Hutu as ordinary farmers.
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ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ์€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋†๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Over time, this propaganda led to intense political hostility.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜, ์ด ์„ ๋™์€ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
And while colonial powers had largely withdrawn by 1959,
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1959๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹๋ฏผ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ฒ ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:16
lingering anger motivated a Hutu revolt,
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์—ฌ์ „ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ ํญ๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ 
01:19
forcing many Tutsi leaders to flee the country.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Over the following decade,
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๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„
01:24
Rwanda transitioned to an independent republic with a Hutu government.
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
This new administration argued that as the majority group,
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์ƒˆ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ์ด
01:32
Hutu deserved exclusive access to political power.
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์ •๊ถŒ์„ ๋…์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
They excluded the Tutsi minority by appointing offices based on population
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์•„์„œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ณ 
01:40
and prohibited the return of Tutsi families that had fled years earlier.
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ์ „์— ๋„๋ง๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Hutu extremists also circulated propaganda
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๋˜ํ•œ, ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€
01:48
blaming Tutsi for the countryโ€™s economic, social, and political problems.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ, ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ์˜ ํƒ“์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ ๋™ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Discontent with their life in exile,
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๋ง๋ช…์ง€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ํ’ˆ์€
01:56
a small group of Tutsi insurgents invaded Rwanda in 1990,
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ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ์˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๋ฌด์žฅ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด 1990๋…„์— ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค๋กœ ์ง„๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:01
beginning a violent civil war.
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๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์ „์ด ๋ง‰์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
The conflict lasted three years before it was resolved with a formal peace accord.
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๊ณต์‹ ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ •์„ ๋งบ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ 3๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์ „์ด ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
But the warโ€™s aftermath was rife with insecurity.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌํŒŒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
While some civilians in both groups remained amicable,
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๋‘ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์† ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:14
the treaty intensified political polarization.
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ํ˜‘์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ •์น˜์  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์€ ์‹ฌํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:17
And in 1994, when a plane carrying the Hutu Rwandan president was shot down,
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1994๋…„, ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ์ธ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์ „์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฉ์ถ”๋˜๊ณ 
02:23
the conflict broke out anew.
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
This time, Hutu officials had prepared a deadly response
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
02:29
to ensure they stayed in power.
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์•…๋ž„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ฑ…์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Working off a list of targets,
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”
02:32
government-funded Hutu militias flooded the streets,
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ ๋ฏผ๋ณ‘๋Œ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:36
perpetrating acts of physical and sexual violence
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ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ ์ •์ ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด์„œ
02:39
against Tutsi political enemies and civilians.
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ํญํ–‰๊ณผ ์„ฑํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์ผ์‚ผ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Over the chaotic following months,
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ ,
02:44
over 1 million Hutu civilians joined their ranks due to coercion,
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•์••์— ์˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ, ๋˜๋Š”
02:48
self-preservation, or the pursuit of personal agendas.
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์†Œ์‹ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Tutsi victims sought refuge at churches and schools
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ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ตํšŒ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ํ”ผํ•ด์„œ
02:56
where they hoped international organizations would protect them,
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๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ผœ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:59
but no outside party came to their aid.
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์–ด๋А ๊ณณ๋„ ๋„์šฐ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
UN soldiers whoโ€™d overseen the Peace Accord
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ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ •์„ ๊ด€์žฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ ์—” ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์€
03:04
were instructed to abandon Tutsi civilians,
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ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ ,
03:06
and UN leadership refused to acknowledge the genocide taking place.
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์œ ์—” ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ•™์‚ด์„ ๋ถ€์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
The violence didnโ€™t end until mid-July,
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ํญ๋ ฅ์€ 6์›” ์ค‘์ˆœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
when the Tutsi armyโ€” who instigated the previous civil warโ€”
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์ด์ „์— ๋‚ด์ „์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋˜ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด
03:16
seized control of the country.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ†ต์น˜๊ถŒ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด์ฃ .
03:19
By the time the fighting was over,
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๋‚ด์ „์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
03:21
roughly 800,000 Rwandans had been killed,
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์ธ ๋Œ€๋žต 80๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ํ•™์‚ด์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:24
and only a small fraction of the Tutsi population was left alive.
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ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ์€ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
In the months that followed,
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์–ด๋„,
03:30
there was no easy strategy for bringing the killers to justice.
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์‚ด์ธ์ž๋“ค์„ ์‹ฌํŒํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
The UN established a special tribunal in Tanzania to try the key perpetrators.
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์œ ์—”์€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์— ํŠน๋ณ„ ๋ฒ•์ •์„ ์„ธ์›Œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋“ค์„ ์‹ฌํŒํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:39
But Hutu civilians from every level of society had committed atrocities
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ์ด ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ,
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
against their neighbors, friends, and even family members.
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03:47
There were roughly 120,000 Rwandans awaiting trial,
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์ธ ๋Œ€๋žต 12๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์žฌํŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
03:51
and inmates were dying from overcrowding and poor hygiene.
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๊ณผ์ž‰ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ๋น„์œ„์ƒ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
The new Rwandan government estimated it would take 100 years to prosecute
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค ์‹ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์†Œํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
03:59
every accused civilian in national court.
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100๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
So officials determined the best path forward involved
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:05
looking to the countryโ€™s past.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์ตœ์„ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Rwanda has a traditional process
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:09
for resolving interpersonal conflicts called gacaca.
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์ด๋ฅผ โ€˜๊ฐ€์ฐจ์ฐจโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Roughly translating to โ€œjustice on the grass,โ€
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๋Œ€๋žต ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด โ€˜์ž”๋”” ์œ„์˜ ์ •์˜โ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
gacaca had long been used to address offenses within villages.
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๊ฐ€์ฐจ์ฐจ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Local witnesses would offer testimony
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ฆ์–ธ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:22
and could then speak for or against the accused.
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ํ”ผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์œ ์ฃ„ ์ฆ์–ธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Then, appointed lay judges would determine an appropriate penalty
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์ง€์ •๋œ ์‹ฌํŒ๊ด€๋“ค์ด
๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
within the communityโ€™s means.
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04:32
In the hope of trying perpetrators more quickly,
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์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋” ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
04:35
the government adapted gacaca for their formal courts.
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ฐจ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ •์‹ ์žฌํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
These hybrid trials had no professional attorneys or judges,
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์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์žฌํŒ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
04:42
and no evidence outside the spoken word
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์ฆ์–ธ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:44
and a case file detailing the crimes of the accused.
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ํ”ผ์˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์„œ๋ฅ˜์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
All charges were then divided into four categories:
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์ฃ„๋ชฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
masterminding the genocide and committing acts of sexual violence,
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ•™์‚ด์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ์„ฑํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์žํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ,
04:55
participating in the killings, physical assault,
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์‚ด์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ํŒŒ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
or destroying Tutsi property.
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04:59
Those found guilty of the first two categories
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜์˜์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:02
were entered into the traditional court system,
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์žฌํŒ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:05
but the other crimes were assigned set penalties
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:08
which could be reduced if the accused pled guilty.
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ํ˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Beginning in 2002, thousands of gacaca courts convened every week.
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2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ฐจ์ฐจ ์žฌํŒ์ด ๋งค์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฑด ์—ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
The process proved faster than conventional courts,
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๊ธฐ์กด ์žฌํŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:19
but Rwandan opinion on the trials was mixed.
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์žฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Some didnโ€™t want to accuse their neighbors in a community setting,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋งˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์†Œํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
05:26
and many potential witnesses were intimidated to prevent their testimony.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ž ์ •์  ์ฆ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฆ์–ธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Additionally, while the trial showed that not all Hutu participated in the killings,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์ธ์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
05:35
the courts only reviewed cases with Tutsi victims,
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์žฌํŒ์€ ํˆฌ์น˜์กฑ์ด ํฌ์ƒ์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
05:38
ignoring the Hutu casualties incurred during the genocide
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๋ฏผ์กฑ ํ•™์‚ด๊ณผ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋‚ด์ „์—์„œ
ํ›„ํˆฌ์กฑ์ด ์ž…์€ ํ”ผํ•ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
and the preceding civil war.
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05:43
When the trials concluded in 2012,
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์žฌํŒ์ด ์ข…๊ฒฐ๋œ 2012๋…„๊นŒ์ง€
05:46
the courts had convicted 1.7 million individuals.
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์žฌํŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์น ์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
For some families, these verdicts helped restore the dignity
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง“๋ฐŸํžŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์œ„์‹ ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
of those lost in the violence.
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05:55
For others, the trials were a decade-long reminder
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ์žฌํŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ง€์›Œ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ
05:59
of a past they were desperate to leave behind.
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์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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