Can you solve the Alice in Wonderland riddle? - Alex Gendler

2,278,198 views ・ 2020-11-17

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Alyssa Shin κ²€ν† : Yujin Son
00:07
After many adventures in Wonderland,
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μ΄μƒν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 여정을 거친 ν›„
μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€λŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ λ˜λ‹€μ‹œ μ‹¬μˆ  ꢂ은 ν•˜νŠΈμ˜ μ—¬μ™•μ˜
00:10
Alice has once again found herself in the court
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00:12
of the temperamental Queen of Hearts.
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ꢁꢐ μ•ˆμ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
She’s about to pass through the garden undetected,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 정원을 λͺ°λž˜ λΉ μ Έλ‚˜κ°€λ €λ‹€
00:18
when she overhears the king and queen arguing.
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μ—¬μ™•κ³Ό μ™•μ˜ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μ—Ώλ“£κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
β€œIt’s quite simple,” says the queen. β€œ64 is the same as 65, and that’s that.”
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β€œμ‚¬μ‹€ μ•„μ£Ό 간단해” 여왕이 λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”. β€œ64와 65λŠ” λ˜‘κ°™μ•„.”
00:27
Without thinking, Alice interjects. β€œNonsense,” she says.
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아무 생각없이 μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€κ°€ λΌμ–΄λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œλ§λ„ μ•ˆλΌβ€ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
β€œIf 64 were the same as 65, then it would be 65 and not 64 at all.”
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β€œλ§Œμ•½ 64κ°€ 65와 κ°™μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄, 65라고 λΆ€λ₯΄κ² μ£ , 64κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ.”
00:38
β€œWhat? How dare you!” the queen huffs.
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β€œλ­λΌκ³ ? 감히!” 여왕이 μ„±λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
β€œI’ll prove it right now, and then it’s off with your head!”
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β€œλ‚΄κ°€ λ‹Ήμž₯ λ„ˆμ—κ²Œ 증λͺ…ν•΄ 보이지, 그러면 λ°”λ‘œ λ„€ λͺ©λ„ λ‚ μ•„κ°€λŠ” κ±°μ•Ό!”
00:44
Before she can protest,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 뭐라고 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°λ„ 전에
μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€λŠ” 두 체슀판 νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄ μžˆλŠ” μž”λ””λ°­μœΌλ‘œ λŒλ €κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
Alice is dragged toward a field with two chessboard patternsβ€”
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00:50
an 8 by 8 square and a 5 by 13 rectangle.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 8 κ³±ν•˜κΈ° 8의 μ •μ‚¬κ°ν˜•, λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 5 κ³±ν•˜κΈ° 13의 μ§μ‚¬κ°ν˜•.
00:55
As the queen claps her hands, four odd-looking soldiers approach
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여왕이 손뼉을 치자 λ„€ λͺ…μ˜ μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ 생긴 병사가 λ‹€κ°€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그듀은 μ„œλ‘œ λ‚˜λž€νžˆ λˆ„μ›Œ, 첫 번째 μ²΄μŠ€νŒμ„ κ°€λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
and lie down next to each other, covering the first chessboard.
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01:03
Alice sees that two of them are trapezoids with non-diagonal sides measuring 5x5x3,
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사닀리꼴 병사 쀑 λ‘˜μ€ λŒ€κ°μ„ μ„ μ œμ™Έν•œ 면이 5x5x3 인 사닀리꼴이고,
01:11
while the other two are long triangles with non-diagonal sides measuring 8x3.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λ‘˜μ€ λŒ€κ°μ„ μ„ μ œμ™Έν•œ 면이 8x3 인 κΈ΄ μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
β€œSee, this is 64.”
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β€œλ΄€μ§€, 이게 64μ•Ό.”
01:20
The queen claps her hands again.
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여왕이 λ‹€μ‹œ 손뼉을 μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
The card soldiers get up, rearrange themselves,
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μΉ΄λ“œ 병정듀이 μΌμ–΄μ„œ, 자리λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ°°μ—΄ν•œ λ’€
01:25
and lie down atop the second chessboard.
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두 번째 μ²΄μŠ€νŒμ— λˆ„μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
β€œAnd that is 65."
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β€œκ·Έλ¦¬κ³  이게 65μ•Ό.”
01:31
Alice gasps. She’s certain the soldiers didn’t change size or shape
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μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€κ°€ μˆ¨μ„ λ“€μ΄μΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 병사듀이 λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ€‘
01:36
moving from one board to the other.
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λͺ¨μ–‘μ΄λ‚˜ 크기λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
But it’s a mathematical certainty that the queen must be cheating somehow.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이건 μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 말이 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 여왕이 λ°˜μΉ™μ„ ν•œ 것이 λΆ„λͺ…ν•΄μš”.
01:42
Can Alice wrap her head around what’s wrongβ€” before she loses it?
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μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€κ°€ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ 머리λ₯Ό μ¨μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λœκ±΄μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Όμˆ˜ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:46
Pause the video to figure it out yourself. Answer in 3.
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μ˜μƒμ„ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  문제λ₯Ό ν’€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. 닡은 3초 뒀에 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Answer in 2
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2초,
01:51
Answer in 1
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1초.
01:54
Just as things aren’t looking too good for Alice, she remembers her geometry,
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상황이 λΆˆλ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν˜λŸ¬κ°€κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ˜›λ‚ μ— 배운 κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ„ λ– μ˜¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
and looks again at the trapezoid and triangle soldier
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그리고 λ°”λ‹₯에 λˆ„μ›ŒμžˆλŠ” 사닀리꼴과 μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ˜ 병사듀을 λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
lying next to each other.
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02:04
They look like they cover exactly half of the rectangle,
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그듀은 μ§μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μ„ λ”± 반절 가리고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
their edges forming one long line running from corner to corner.
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μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ˜ 면이 ν•œ λͺ¨μ„œλ¦¬λΆ€ν„° λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨μ„œλ¦¬κΉŒμ§€ κΈ΄ μ„ μœΌλ‘œ 이어져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
If that’s true, then the slopes of their diagonal sides
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λ§Œμ•½ 이것이 μ„±λ¦½ν•˜λ €λ©΄, μ΄λ“€μ˜ λŒ€κ°μ„  면은 κ°™μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
should be the same.
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02:17
But when she calculates these slopes
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λŒ€κ°μ„  면을
02:19
using the tried and true formula "rise over run,"
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이미 증λͺ…λœ λ°” μžˆλŠ” β€˜μˆ˜ν‰λ³€ν™” λΆ„μ˜ μˆ˜μ§λ³€ν™”β€™ 곡식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ³„μ‚°ν•˜μž
02:23
a most curious thing happens.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ‹ κΈ°ν•œ 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
The trapezoid soldier’s diagonal side goes up 2 and over 5,
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사닀리꼴 λ³‘μ‚¬μ˜ λŒ€κ°μ„  면이 2만큼 μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³  5만큼 μ›€μ§μ—¬μ„œ
02:30
giving it a slope of two fifths, or 0.4.
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κΈ°μšΈκΈ°κ°€ 2/5, 즉 0.4κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
The triangle soldier’s diagonal, however, goes up 3 and over 8,
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ‚Όκ°ν˜• λ³‘μ‚¬μ˜ λŒ€κ°μ„  면은 3만큼 μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³  8만큼 μ›€μ§μ—¬μ„œ
02:40
making its slope three eights, or 0.375.
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κΈ°μšΈκΈ°κ°€ 3/8, 즉 0.375κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
They’re not the same at all!
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그듀은 μ ˆλŒ€ κ°™μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Before the queen’s guards can stop her,
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μ—¬μ™•μ˜ κ²½λΉ„λŒ€κ°€ κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό 막기 전에
02:49
Alice drinks a bit of her shrinking potion to go in for a closer look.
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μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€λŠ” μ’€ 더 κ°€κΉŒμ΄ 보기 μœ„ν•΄ λͺΈμ΄ μ€„μ–΄λ“œλŠ” 약을 쑰금 λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Sure enough, there’s a miniscule gap between the triangles and trapezoids,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯ΌκΉŒ, κ·Έ μ‚Όκ°ν˜•κ³Ό 사닀리꼴듀 사이엔 μ•„μ£Ό λ―Έμ„Έν•œ ν‹ˆμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
forming a parallelogram that stretches the entire length of the board
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판의 전체적인 길이λ₯Ό λŠ˜λ¦¬λŠ” ν‰ν–‰μ‚¬λ³€ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
and accounts for the missing square.
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이둜써 사라진 μ •μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…이 κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμ£ .
03:06
There’s something even more curious about these numbers:
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이 μˆ˜λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 더 μ‹ κΈ°ν•œ 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
they’re all part of the Fibonacci series,
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이듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ ν”Όλ³΄λ‚˜μΉ˜ μˆ˜μ—΄μ— ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.
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μ΄λŠ” 각각의 μˆ˜κ°€ 이전 두 수의 ν•©κ³Ό κ°™λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
Fibonacci numbers have two properties that factor in here:
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ν”Όλ³΄λ‚˜μΉ˜ μˆ˜λ“€μ€ 두 개의 μ„±μ§ˆμ„ κ°€μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
first, squaring a Fibonacci number gives you a value
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첫째, ν”Όλ³΄λ‚˜μΉ˜ 수의 μ œκ³±κ·Όμ€
μ–‘μͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” ν”Όλ³΄λ‚˜μΉ˜ μˆ˜λ“€μ˜ 곱보닀
03:25
that’s one more or one less
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03:27
than the product of the Fibonacci numbers on either side of it.
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ν•˜λ‚˜ ν¬κ±°λ‚˜ ν•˜λ‚˜ μž‘μ€ μˆ˜κ°€ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
In other words, 8 squared is one less than 5 times 13,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, 8의 μ œκ³±κ·Όμ€ 5 κ³±ν•˜κΈ° 13의 값보닀 ν•˜λ‚˜ μž‘κ³ 
03:35
while 5 squared is one more than 3 times 8.
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5의 μ œκ³±κ·Όμ€ 3 κ³±ν•˜κΈ° 8의 값보닀 ν•˜λ‚˜ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
And second, the ratio between successive Fibonacci numbers is quite similar.
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두 번째둜, 연속적인 ν”Όλ³΄λ‚˜μΉ˜ μˆ˜λ“€μ˜ λΉ„λŠ” κ½€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
So similar, in fact, that it eventually converges on the golden ratio.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄μ„œ κ²°κ΅­μ—” λͺ¨λ‘ ν™©κΈˆλΉ„μ— μˆ˜λ ΄ν•  μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
That’s what allows devious royals to construct slopes
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이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이 κ΅ν™œν•œ 여왕이
λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“€ μ •λ„λ‘œ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 기울기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 속일 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
that look deceptively similar.
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03:57
In fact, the Queen of Hearts could cobble together an analogous conundrum
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ν•˜νŠΈμ˜ 여왕은 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 수수께끼λ₯Ό λͺ‡ κ°œμ”©μ΄κ³ 
04:02
out of any four consecutive Fibonacci numbers.
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λ„€ 개의 μ—°μ†ν•˜λŠ” ν”Όλ³΄λ‚˜μΉ˜ 수λ₯Ό μ•„λ¬΄κ±°λ‚˜ 뽑아 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
The higher they go, the more it seems like the impossible is true.
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높은 수λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν• μˆ˜λ‘, 이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λ‚œμ œκ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보이게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
But in the words of Lewis Carrollβ€” author of Alice in Wonderland
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μ΄μƒν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€μ˜ μž‘κ°€μ΄μž
04:14
and an accomplished mathematician who studied this very puzzleβ€”
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이 퍼즐을 ꢁ리해낸 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™μžμΈ 루이슀 μΊλŸ΄μ— μ˜ν•˜λ©΄,
04:19
one can’t believe impossible things.
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세상에 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 일은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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