How do investors choose stocks? - Richard Coffin

883,979 views ・ 2020-11-10

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:06
Every day, billions of stocks are traded on the New York Stock Exchange alone.
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λ‰΄μš• 증ꢌ κ±°λž˜μ†Œλ§Œ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ 맀일 주식이 μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ μ£Ό κ±°λž˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
But with over 43,000 companies listed on stock exchanges around the world,
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μ „ 세계에 상μž₯ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 43,000κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ”λ°
00:17
how do investors decide which stocks to buy?
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νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–€ 주식을 살지 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:21
To answer this question, it’s important to first understand what stocks are,
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— 닡을 ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μš°μ„  주식이 무엇이고
00:26
and what individuals and institutions hope to achieve by investing in them.
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κ°œμΈμ΄λ‚˜ 기관이 주식에 νˆ¬μžν•΄ 무엇을 μ–»κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•„λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
Stocks are partial shares of ownership in a company.
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주식은 νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 뢀뢄적 μ†Œμœ κΆŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
So by buying a stock, investors buy a share in the company’s successβ€”
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주식을 μ‚ΌμœΌλ‘œμ¨ νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 성곡 ν˜Ήμ€ μ‹€νŒ¨μ˜ 일뢀뢄을 사고
00:39
or failureβ€” as measured by the company’s profits.
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그것은 νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 이읡으둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
A stock’s price is determined by the number
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μ£Όμ‹μ˜ 가격은 λ§€μˆ˜μžμ™€ λ§€λ„μžμ˜ μˆ˜μ— 따라 κ²°μ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
of buyers and sellers trading it;
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00:48
if there are more buyers than sellers, the price will increase, and vice versa.
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λ§€μˆ˜κ°€ 맀도보닀 많으면 가격이 였λ₯΄κ³  κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€λ©΄ λ‚΄λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
The market price of a share therefore represents
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ μ£Όμ‹μ˜ μ‹œκ°€λŠ”
00:56
what buyers and sellers believe the stock, and by association the company,
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λ§€μˆ˜μžμ™€ λ§€λ„μžκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμ‹μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜
즉 κ·Έ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ— 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
is worth.
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01:03
So the price can change dramatically
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 가격은 νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ΄ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 이읡이 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚  잠재λ ₯이
01:05
based on whether investors think the company has a high potential
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크닀고 μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ κΈ‰λ³€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
for increasing profitabilityβ€” even if it isn’t profitable yet.
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νšŒμ‚¬μ— 이읡이 아직 μ—†λ”λΌλ„μš”.
01:13
Investors aim to make money by purchasing stocks
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νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€ μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ 였λ₯Ό 주식을 μ‚¬μ„œ λˆμ„ 벌고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
whose value will increase over time.
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01:19
Some investors aim simply to grow their money at a faster rate
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μ–΄λ–€ νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€ λ¬Όκ°€ μΈμƒμœΌλ‘œ 인해 μž¬μ‚° κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것을
01:22
than inflation diminishes its value.
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λ§‰λŠ” 정도λ₯Ό λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Others have a goal of β€œbeating the market,”
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β€˜μ‹œμž₯을 μ΄κΈ°λŠ” 것’이 λͺ©ν‘œμΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
which means growing their money at a faster rate
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μž¬μ‚°μ΄ λΆˆμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 속도가
01:31
than the cumulative performance of all companies’ stocks.
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μ’…ν•© μ£Όκ°€ μ§€μˆ˜λ³΄λ‹€ 더 λΉ λ₯Έ 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
This idea of β€œbeating the market” is a source of debate among investorsβ€”
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β€˜μ‹œμž₯을 μ΄κΈ΄λ‹€β€™λŠ” 생각은 νˆ¬μžμžλ“€ 사이에선 λ…ΌμŸ κ±°λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
in fact, investors break into two main groups over it.
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사싀 νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€ 이 μ μ—μ„œ 크게 두 μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
Active investors believe it is possible to beat the market
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λŠ₯동적인 νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€ μ „λž΅μ μœΌλ‘œ νŠΉμ • 주식을 μ„ νƒν•˜κ³  μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό λ§žμΆ”λ©΄
01:46
by strategically selecting specific stocks and timing their trades,
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μ‹œμž₯을 μ΄κΈ°λŠ” 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ§€λ§Œ,
01:51
while passive investors believe it isn’t usually possible to beat the market,
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μˆ˜λ™μ μΈ νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€ μ‹œμž₯을 μ΄κΈ°λŠ” 것이 λŒ€κ°œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  보고,
01:56
and don’t subscribe to stock picking.
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μ’…λͺ© 선정을 믿지 μ•Šμ£ .
01:59
The phrase β€œbeating the market” usually refers to earning a return
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β€˜μ‹œμž₯을 μ΄κΈ΄λ‹€β€™λΌλŠ” 말은 보톡
투자 싀적이 S&P 500 μ§€μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ„˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
on an investment that exceeds the Standard & Poor 500 index.
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02:08
The S&P 500 is a measure of the average performance
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S&P 500 μ§€μˆ˜λŠ”
λ―Έκ΅­ λ‚΄ λŒ€ν˜• νšŒμ‚¬ 500개의 싀적을
02:12
of 500 of the largest companies in the United States,
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02:15
weighted by company valuation,
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가쀑 ν‰κ· ν•œ μ§€μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
meaning that companies with a higher market value
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μ‹œκ°€ 총앑이 큰 νšŒμ‚¬κ°€
02:20
have a larger effect on the S&Pβ€”
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S&P에 더 큰 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:23
again, market value corresponds to what investors
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°€λŠ” μ‹€μ œ μ΄μ΅λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
02:26
believe a company is worth rather than actual profits.
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νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ— λΉ„λ‘€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
The S&P doesn’t directly represent the market as a wholeβ€”
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S&PλŠ” μ‹œμž₯ 전체λ₯Ό μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€ν‘œν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
many small and mid-range stocks can fluctuate according to different patterns.
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μ€‘μ†Œ 규λͺ¨μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 주식듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·œμΉ™μ— 따라 움직일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
Still, it’s a pretty good proxy for the overall market.
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ S&PλŠ” 전체 μ‹œμž₯의 쒋은 λŒ€μš©λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
It’s often said that
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν”νžˆ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
β€œthe stock market behaves like a voting machine in the short term,
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β€œμ£Όμ‹ μ‹œμž₯은 λ‹¨κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 인기 νˆ¬ν‘œ κΈ°κ³„μ²˜λŸΌ μž‘λ™ν•˜κ³ ,
02:46
and a weighing machine in the long term”—
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μž₯κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ²΄μ€‘κ³„μ²˜λŸΌ μž‘λ™ν•œλ‹€."
02:49
meaning short term fluctuations in stock prices reflect public opinion,
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단기 μ‹œκ°€ 변동은 λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ μ„ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ§€λ§Œ,
02:54
but over the longer term, they do tend to actually reflect companies’ profits.
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μž₯κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ‹€μ œ 이읡을 λ°˜μ˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
Active investors aim to exploit the short term,
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λŠ₯동적인 νˆ¬μžμžλŠ”
μ‹œμž₯의 β€˜νˆ¬ν‘œ 기계’ 츑면을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ 단기적인 μˆ˜μ΅μ„ μ–»μœΌλ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
β€œvoting machine” aspect of the market.
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03:07
They believe the market contains inefficiencies:
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그듀은 μ‹œμž₯에 λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
that stock prices at any given point in time may overvalue some companies,
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즉 νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ˜ μ£Όκ°€λŠ”
λͺ‡λͺ‡ νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό κ³ΌλŒ€ ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ³Όμ†Œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³ ,
03:14
undervalue others, or fail to reflect developments that will impact the market.
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μ‹œμž₯에 λ‹₯μΉ  λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:20
Active investors hope to exploit these inefficiencies by buying stocks
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λŠ₯동적인 νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€ 이 λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ—μ„œ 이읡을 μ–»κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ €ν‰κ°€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 주식을 μ‚¬λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:24
they think are priced low.
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03:26
To identify undervalued stocks,
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μ €ν‰κ°€λœ 주식을 찾으렀고
03:29
they may investigate a company’s business operations,
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νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 사업 ν˜„ν™©μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ ,
03:32
analyze its financial statements, observe price trends, or use algorithms.
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μž¬λ¬΄μ œν‘œλ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  μΆ”μ„Έλ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
Passive investors, by contrast,
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ μˆ˜λ™μ μΈ νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ€
03:41
put their faith in the long term β€œweighing machine” aspect of the market.
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μ‹œμž₯의 β€˜μ²΄μ€‘κ³„β€™ 츑면을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ μž₯기적인 전망을 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
They believe that even though markets may exhibit inefficiencies at any given point,
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그듀은 μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμ μ— λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ΄ μžˆλ”λΌλ„
03:49
over time those inefficiencies balance outβ€”
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ λΉ„νš¨μœ¨λ“€μ€ μƒμ‡„λ˜κ³ 
03:52
so if they buy a selection of stocks that represents a cross-section of the market,
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μ‹œμž₯을 μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 주식듀을 μ‚°λ‹€λ©΄
03:57
over time it will grow.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ μ„±μž₯ν•  것이라고 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
This is usually accomplished through index funds,
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주둜 μ§€μˆ˜ν˜• νŽ€λ“œκ°€ 이런 μš©λ„μ— μ•Œλ§žμ£ .
04:03
collections of stocks that represent the broader market.
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더 큰 μ‹œμž₯을 λŒ€λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 주식을 λͺ¨μ€ 것이죠.
04:06
The S&P 500 index is one of many indexes.
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S&P 500 외에도 μ§€μˆ˜λŠ” 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
The overall goal is the same for all index funds:
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λͺ¨λ“  μ§€μˆ˜ν˜• νŽ€λ“œμ˜ μ΅œμ’… λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
to hold stocks for the long term and ignore short-term market fluctuations.
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주식을 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  단기 μ‹œμž₯ 변동은 λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
Ultimately, active and passive investing aren’t mutually exclusiveβ€”
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λŠ₯동적 νˆ¬μžμ™€ μˆ˜λ™μ  νˆ¬μžλŠ” 결과적으둜 μƒν˜Έ 배타적이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
many investment strategies have elements of each,
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λ§Žμ€ 투자 μ „λž΅μ—λŠ” μ„œλ‘œμ˜ μš”μ†Œκ°€ λ“€μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄ 주식을 λŠ₯λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ λ₯΄κ³ 
04:27
for example, choosing stocks actively but holding them for the long term
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μˆ˜λ™μ μΈ νˆ¬μžμ—μ„œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 였랜 κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ λ³΄μœ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
as passive investing advises.
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04:34
Investing is far from an exact science:
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νˆ¬μžλŠ” μ •λ°€ κ³Όν•™κ³ΌλŠ” 거리가 λ©‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
if there was one foolproof method, everyone would be doing it.
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λ§Œμ•½ μ™„λ²½ν•œ 방법이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ κ·Έκ±Έ λ”°λžκ² μ£ .
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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