The most colorful gemstones on Earth - Jeff Dekofsky

655,164 views ใƒป 2020-12-03

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sohee Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
On an auspicious day in November of 1986,
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1986๋…„ 11์›”์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ข‹์€ ๋‚ ,
00:11
5 Australian miners climbed Lunatic Hillโ€”
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๊ด‘๋ถ€๋“ค 5๋ช…์ด ๋ฃจ๋‚˜ํ‹ฑ ์–ธ๋•์„ ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
so named for the mental state anyone would be in to dig there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ํŒŒํ—ค์น˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์‹  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์„œ ๋ช…๋ช…๋œ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:20
While their competitors searched for opals at a depth of 2 to 5 meters,
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋“ค์ด 2๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—์„œ 5๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ ์˜คํŒ”์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ
00:24
the Lunatic Hill Syndicate bored 20 meters into the earth.
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๋ฃจ๋‚˜ํ‹ฑ ์–ธ๋• ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ 20๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ ๊ตด์„ ํŒ ๊ณ 
00:29
And for their audacity, the earth rewarded them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ
์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋จน๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์˜คํŒ”์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
with a fist-sized, record breaking opal.
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00:36
They named it the Halleyโ€™s Comet opal,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ผ๋ฆฌ ํ˜œ์„ฑ ์˜คํŒ”์ด๋ผ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋ถ™์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
00:39
after the much larger rocky, icy body flying by the earth at that time.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๋˜ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฐ ๋Œ๊ณผ ์–ผ์Œ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
The Halleyโ€™s Comet opal is a marvel, but its uniqueness is, paradoxically,
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ํ•ผ๋ฆฌ ํ˜œ์„ฑ ์˜คํŒ”์€ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ,
์—ญ์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ํŠนํ•จ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ด์ฃ .
00:50
the most usual thing about it.
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00:53
While diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and other precious stones
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๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ, ๋ฃจ๋น„, ์—๋ฉ”๋ž„๋“œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด์„๋“ค์€
00:57
are often indistinguishably similar,
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๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
00:59
no two opals look the same,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜คํŒ”๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
thanks to a characteristic called "play of color."
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โ€˜์ƒ‰์˜ ์žฅ๋‚œโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ง• ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
01:06
This shimmering, dazzling, dancing display of light
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๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๊ณ , ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹œ๋ฉฐ, ์ถค์ถ”๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ด ๋น›์€
01:10
comes about from a confluence of chemistry, geology, and optics
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ํ™”ํ•™, ์ง€์งˆํ•™, ๊ด‘ํ•™์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
01:14
that define opals from their earliest moments, deep underground.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜คํŒ”์ด ๊นŠ์€ ๋•… ์†์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŠน์ง•์ง“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Itโ€™s there that an opal begins its life as something surprisingly abundant: water.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์˜คํŒ”์€ ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ํ”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
01:25
Trickling down through gaps in soil and rock,
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ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ”์œ„์˜ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์€
01:29
water flows through sandstone, limestone, and basalt,
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์‚ฌ์•”, ์„ํšŒ์•”, ํ˜„๋ฌด์•”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
01:33
picking up a microscopic compound called silicon dioxide.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ๊ทœ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
This silica-enriched water enters the voids inside pieces of volcanic rock,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ๊ทœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ด ๋ฌผ์€
ํ™”์‚ฐ์•” ์กฐ๊ฐ, ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด,
01:43
prehistoric river beds, wood and even the bones of ancient creatures.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด ๋ผ›์†์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Gradually, the water starts to evaporate,
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:52
and the silica-solution begins forming a gel,
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๊ทœ์‚ฐ์งˆ ์šฉ์•ก์ด ์ ค์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:55
within which millions of silica spheres form layer by layer
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ธต์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด
01:59
as a series of concentric shells.
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๋™์‹ฌ์› ๊ป์งˆ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
The gel ultimately hardens into a glass-like material,
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์ ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ตณ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
02:06
and the spheres settle into a lattice structure.
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๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
The vast majority of the time, this structure is haphazard,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋งˆ๊ตฌ์žก์ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ,
02:14
resulting in common, or potch, opals with unremarkable exteriors.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ธ๊ตฌ๋ ค์ธ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์˜คํŒ”์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
The tiny, mesmerizing percentage we call precious opals
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์…”์Šค ์˜คํŒ”์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์€ ๋น„์œจ์—๋Š”
02:24
have regions where silica beads of uniform size form orderly arrays.
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๊ท ์ผํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทœ์†Œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ์„œ์ •์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋œ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
So why do those structures produce such vibrant displays?
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์™œ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฐฌ๋ž€ํ•œ ์ƒ‰๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:35
The answer lies in a principle of wave physics called interference.
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๋‹ต์€ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ํŒŒ์žฅ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
For the sake of simplicity,
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:42
letโ€™s look at what happens when a single color of lightโ€”
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500 ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋น›์ด ํ”„๋ ˆ์…”์Šค ์˜คํŒ”์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํž ๋•Œ
02:45
green, with a wavelength of 500 nanometersโ€” hits a precious opal.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:50
The green light will scatter throughout the gemstone
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋น›์€ ์›์„ ์ „์ฒด์— ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋˜์–ด
02:53
and reflect back with varying intensitiesโ€”
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:57
from most angles suffused, from some entirely dimmed,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ํผ์ง€๊ณ , ์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋‘์šฐ๋ฉฐ,
03:01
and others dazzlingly bright.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ฃ .
03:04
Whatโ€™s happening is, some of the green light reflects off of the top layer.
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋น› ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋งจ ์œ„ ์ธต์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๊ณ ,
03:09
Some reflects off of the layer below that.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ธต์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And so on.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
When the additional distance it travels from one layer to the next, and back,
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ํ•œ ์ธต์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„ ์˜ค๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
03:18
is a multiple of the wavelengthโ€” such as 500 or 1000 extra nanometersโ€”
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500 ๋˜๋Š” 1000 ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉด
03:25
the crests and valleys of the waves match each other.
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ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ์™€ ๊ณจ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
This phenomenon is called constructive interference,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:33
and it amplifies the wave, producing a brighter color.
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์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ์ฆํญ์‹œ์ผœ ๋” ๋ฐ์€ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
03:37
So if you position your eye at the correct angle,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:40
the green light reflecting from many layers adds together.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ธต๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ์ดˆ๋ก ๋น›์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Shift the angle just a bit,
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๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
๋น›์ด ์ธต ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
and you change the distance the light travels between layers.
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03:51
Change it enough, and youโ€™ll reach a point where the crests match the valleys,
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ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ์™€ ๊ณจ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋” ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
03:56
making the waves cancel each other outโ€” thatโ€™s destructive interference.
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ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์šฐ๋Š” ์ƒ์‡„ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Different colors have different wavelengths,
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰๊น”๋“ค์€ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ฐ,
04:05
which translates to varying distances they have to travel
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๋” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ
04:08
to constructively interfere.
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๋ณด๊ฐ• ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Thatโ€™s why colors roughly correspond to silica bead sizes.
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์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ๊ทœ์†Œ ๊ตฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋Œ€๋žต ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
The spaces between 210 nanometer beads are just right to amplify blue light.
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210 ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด๋Š” ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋น›์„ ์ฆํญํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฑ ์•Œ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
For red light, with its long wavelengths,
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ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ๊ธด ๋ถ‰์€ ๋น›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:25
the silica beads must be close to 300 nanometers.
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๊ทœ์†Œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 300 ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Those take a very long time to form, and because of that,
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๋ถ‰์€ ์˜คํŒ”์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:33
red is the rarest opal color.
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04:36
The differences in the arrangements of the gel lattices
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ํŠน์ • ์•”์„ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ค ๊ฒฉ์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
04:39
within a particular stone result in a wide range of color patternsโ€”
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๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
everything from broad flash to pin-fire to the ultra-rare harlequin.
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๋„“์งํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ฉ์ž„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•€ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด,
์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ํ• ๋ฆฌํ€ธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
04:50
The circumstances that lead to the formation of precious opal
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์…”์Šค ์˜คํŒ”์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์•„์„œ
04:54
are so uncommon that they only occur in a handful of places.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:59
About 95% come from Australia,
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์•ฝ 95%๋Š” ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ
05:02
where an ancient inland sea created the perfect conditions.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‚ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
05:07
It was there that the Halleyโ€™s Comet opal formed some 100 million years ago.
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ํ•ผ๋ฆฌ ํ˜œ์„ฑ ์˜คํŒ”๋„ ์•ฝ 1์–ต ๋…„ ์ „ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Which raises the question: in the next 100 million years,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ž์œผ๋กœ 1์–ต ๋…„ ํ›„์—
05:17
silica-rich water will percolate through the nooks and crannies
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๊ทœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช… ์œ ๋ฌผ์˜
05:20
of some of the discarded artifacts of human civilization.
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๊ตฌ์„๊ตฌ์„๊นŒ์ง€ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
What opalescent plays of light will one day radiate
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:29
from the things we forget in the darkness?
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜คํŒ” ๋น›์ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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