Earth's mysterious red glow, explained - Zoe Pierrat

607,572 views ใƒป 2021-09-14

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ๋ฒ” ์ฝฉ ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:06
In 2009, a satellite circled Earth,
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2009๋…„, ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฉด์„œ
00:09
methodically scanning and sorting the wavelengths
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ํŒŒ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
reflecting off the planetโ€™s surface.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:14
Researchers were looking for the spectral signature of carbon dioxide
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:17
when they noticed something baffling:
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
an unexpected wavelength of unknown origin.
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๊ทผ์›์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
They tried looking at Earth with only this wavelength,
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์ด ํŒŒ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
00:25
and saw the planet covered in a red hue of varying intensity.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋น›์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
This couldnโ€™t have been reflected sunlight
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ํ–‡๋น›์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
because it was a wavelength that never escapes the Sunโ€™s outer atmosphere.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํŒŒ์žฅ์€ ํƒœ์–‘ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:35
And it didnโ€™t correspond with densely populated areas,
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
suggesting it wasnโ€™t human-made either.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:40
In fact, it was emanating from places with lots of plants:
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฟœ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
the Amazon basin, northern evergreen forests,
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์•„๋งˆ์กด๊ฐ• ์ผ๋Œ€, ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ƒ๋ก์ˆ˜๋ฆผ,
00:47
and croplands of the Midwestern US were all ablaze.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ๋“ฏํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
So, what was going on?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:53
Plants and other organisms use light to grow by way of photosynthesis.
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์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
But thatโ€™s just one of three ways that light
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋น›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
01:00
entering a photosynthetic organism is used.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
And this is the key to solving the mystery.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์—ด์‡ ์ฃ .
01:06
To understand the others, we need to begin with photosynthesis.
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์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
During this process,
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๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
01:11
sunlight hits structures within a plantโ€™s cells called chloroplasts,
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ํ–‡๋น›์€ ์—ฝ๋ก์ฒด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
which are packed with chlorophyll pigments.
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์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ ์ƒ‰์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
01:17
When chlorophyll molecules absorb light, some of their electrons become excited.
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์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ๋“ค๋œน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
They go through a series of reactions,
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด์„œ,
01:23
which transform light energy into chemical energy.
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๋น› ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ™”ํ•™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
This powers the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose,
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์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๋ฌผ์„ ํฌ๋„๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:31
the simple sugar plants need to grow.
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์ด๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋‹น๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
And of course, this reaction generates an important byproduct.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Photosynthesisโ€”
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๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€
01:38
which is constantly being carried out by plants, algae, and bacteriaโ€”
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์‹๋ฌผ, ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ,
01:42
produces all of Earthโ€™s oxygen.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
But plants regularly absorb more light than theyโ€™re able to consume.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น›์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
For instance, over winter,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ ์—
01:51
the frozen leaves of evergreen trees can't photosynthesize at their usual rate,
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์ƒ๋ก์ˆ˜ ์ˆฒ์˜ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ์žŽ๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
01:56
but they're still exposed to a lot of sunlight.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
If not dealt with, the excess light can damage their photosynthetic machinery.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํ–‡๋น›์€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
So, the second way plants use light is by transforming it into heat
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋น›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น›์„ ์—ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
02:07
and dissipating it out of their leaves.
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๊ทธ ์—ด์„ ์žŽ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:10
The third way plants interact with incoming light
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์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
02:12
is by radiating it back out at a different wavelength,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
producing whatโ€™s called chlorophyll fluorescence.
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์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์š”.
02:19
During photosynthesis, the chlorophyllโ€™s excited electrons
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๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ค‘์— ์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ์˜ ๋“ค๋œฌ ์ „์ž๋“ค์€
02:22
move through that series of chemical reactions.
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
But as some of the excited electrons fall back to their ground states,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋“ค๋œฌ ์ „์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:30
they emit energy as light.
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๊ทธ ์ „์ž๋“ค์€ ๋น›์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Overall, about 1% of the light absorbed is re-emitted
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋น›์˜ ์•ฝ 1%๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
as wavelengths at the red end of the spectrum.
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์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ์ชฝ์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
02:40
Itโ€™s such a small amount that you canโ€™t see it with the naked eye.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ ์€ ์–‘์ด๋ผ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
But plants the world over are fluorescing as they photosynthesize.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
And this is whatโ€™s caused the Earthโ€™s baffling red glow,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ˜•๊ด‘์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹นํ˜น์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋น›์˜ ์›์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:52
as observed by satellite.
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์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
02:54
It was an accidental discovery, but a huge breakthrough.
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์šฐ์—ฐ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Tracking chlorophyll fluorescence from space
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ์˜ ํ˜•๊ด‘์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•ด์„œ
02:59
allows us to watch the planet breathe in real timeโ€”
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:02
and monitor the health of ecosystems worldwide.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Previously, researchers used levels of greenness
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์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ
03:09
as the main estimate for plant health.
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์‹๋ฌผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Because plants generally change colors or lose foliage when theyโ€™re stressed,
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์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žŽ๋“ค์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:15
higher levels of green typically indicate healthier plants.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง™์€ ๋…น์ƒ‰์€ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
But this measure can be unreliable.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
03:21
In contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence is a direct measure
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์ด์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์€
์ง์ ‘ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
of photosynthetic activity.
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03:27
It can help us infer how much oxygen is being released
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์ด ํ˜•๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:30
and how much carbon is being absorbed in a given system.
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ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:34
Drops in chlorophyll fluorescence may also occur
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์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋Š”
03:36
before visible signs of plant stress, making it a timely measure.
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์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์  ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
๋” ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Scientists have already used chlorophyll fluorescence to monitor
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ ํ˜•๊ด‘์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:45
harmful phytoplankton blooms,
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03:47
and track the effects of drought in the Amazon and Great Plains.
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์•„๋งˆ์กด๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‰์›์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Going forward, weโ€™ll be investigating photosynthesis from space,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:54
and gauging how best to support our silent friends,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฌตํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
who already do so much for us.
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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