Why are there so many insects? - Murry Gans

3,739,536 views ・ 2016-03-01

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: LEE sangyeob κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
If insects suddenly morphed into large beings,
0
6717
3442
만일 곀좩듀이 κ°‘μžκΈ° μ»€μ Έμ„œ
00:10
and decided to wage war on us,
1
10159
2290
μΈκ°„μ—κ²Œ μ „μŸμ„ μ„ ν¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
00:12
there's no doubt that humans would lose.
2
12449
3282
인간이 μ§€λŠ” 것은 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
We'd simply be crushed by their sheer numbers.
3
15731
2894
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μˆ«μžμ— λ­‰κ°œμ§€κ³  말 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
There are an estimated 10 quintillion individual insects on Earth.
4
18625
4996
지ꡬ에 100κ²½ κ³€μΆ© κ°œμ²΄κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
That's a one followed by 19 zeroes.
5
23621
3474
경은 1 뒀에 19개의 0 이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
So, compared with our population of about 7 billion,
6
27095
2865
μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 인ꡬ가 μ•½ 70μ–΅ λͺ…μ΄λ‹ˆ
00:29
these invertebrates outnumber us by more than a billion to one.
7
29960
5244
곀좩듀은 10μ–΅ λŒ€ 1의 λΉ„μœ¨λ‘œ 우리λ₯Ό μ••λ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
Their astounding numbers exist at the species level, as well.
8
35204
4442
λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κ°œμ±„ 수만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 쒅도 λ†€λžκ²Œ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
There are more than 60,000 vertebrate species on the planet.
9
39646
3476
지ꡬ에 6만 μ’…μ˜ 척좔동물이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:43
But the class of insects contains a million known species,
10
43122
4639
곀좩듀은 ν•œ 집합에 100만 쒅이 μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있으며
00:47
and many others that haven't been classified.
11
47761
3697
λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ§Žμ€ 쒅듀도 ν¬ν•¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
In fact, these critters make up approximately 75% of all animals on Earth.
12
51458
6987
이 생λͺ…체듀이 지ꡬ에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 75%λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
So, what's their secret to success?
13
58445
2650
μ΄λ“€μ˜ 성곡 비결은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:01
Insect abundance comes down to many things
14
61095
2273
곀좩을 λ²ˆμ°½ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ μš”μΈμ΄
01:03
that together make them some of the most adaptable and resilient creatures,
15
63368
4925
이듀을 κ°€μž₯ 적응λ ₯이 λ›°μ–΄λ‚˜κ³  회볡λ ₯ 높은 생λͺ…μ²΄μ΄κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
beginning with their impressive ability to breed.
16
68293
3053
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 인상 κΉŠμ€ λ²ˆμ‹ λŠ₯λ ₯λΆ€ν„° μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:11
Many species can produce hundreds of offspring within their lifetimes.
17
71346
3900
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 쒅은 평생 수백 마리의 μžμ†μ„ 낳을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
Most offspring will die,
18
75246
1613
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ£½μ§€λ§Œ
01:16
but more than enough will survive into adulthood to reproduce.
19
76859
3855
μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 수 이상은 μ„±μΆ©μœΌλ‘œ μžλΌλ‚˜ λ²ˆμ‹μ„ ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
Offspring also mature very rapidly,
20
80714
2743
μƒˆλΌλŠ” μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
so the cycle of reproduction resumes quickly,
21
83457
3247
λ”°λΌμ„œ λ²ˆμ‹ μ£ΌκΈ°κ°€ 짧은 κΈ°κ°„ μ•ˆμ—
01:26
and can occur over and over again in a short time.
22
86704
3699
λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
These numbers mean that as a class,
23
90403
1999
λ‹€λŸ‰μ˜ κ°œμ²΄λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ°•(ηΆ±)이
01:32
insects harbor a tremendous amount of genetic diversity.
24
92402
4381
ꡉμž₯ν•œ μœ μ „μ  닀양성을 λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
The different species contain a wealth of genetic data
25
96783
3212
μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒅듀은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μœ μ „μ  정보λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
that give them the necessary adaptations they need to thrive
26
99995
3538
그것이 그듀이 λ²ˆμ°½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 적응λ ₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
in a range of environments across the planet.
27
103533
2963
μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ 적응 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œλ”μš”.
01:46
Even some of the most extreme environments are in bounds;
28
106496
3283
심지어 μ•„μ£Ό ν˜Ήλ…ν•œ ν™˜κ²½λ“€μ—λ„ 적응 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Flat bark beetles can live at -40 degrees Fahrenheit,
29
109779
4312
ν”Œλž« 바크 λ”±μ •λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” 화씨-40λ„μ—μ„œλ„ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
Sahara Desert ants can venture out
30
114091
2324
μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 사막 κ°œλ―ΈλŠ” μ§€ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ μ˜¨λ„κ°€
01:56
when surface temperatures exceed 155 degrees,
31
116415
4016
155도λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„œλ„ μ‚΄μ•„ λ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
and some bumblebees can survive 18,000 feet above sea level.
32
120431
6058
그리고 λͺ‡λͺ‡ ν˜Έλ°•λ²Œμ€ ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 18,000ν”ΌνŠΈ μœ„μ—μ„œλ„ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Insect exoskeletons also work like body armor,
33
126489
3379
곀좩의 외골격은 μ‹ μ²΄λ³‘κΈ°μ²˜λŸΌ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
protecting insects against the outside world
34
129868
2522
μ„ΈμƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ²Œλ ˆλ“€μ„ μ§€μΌœμ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
and helping them cope with habitats that other creatures can't.
35
132390
4103
λ˜ν•œ 그듀이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 생물이 살지 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ³³μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ²Œλ” λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Even their small size,
36
136493
1617
그듀은 μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:18
which we might see as a disadvantage,
37
138110
2345
μž‘μ€ 것이 μ•ˆ μ’‹κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
02:20
is something they use to their benefit.
38
140455
2447
κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μž‘μ€ 것이 μ΄μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Because most species are so tiny,
39
142902
1975
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 쒅이 μ•„μ£Ό μž‘κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:24
millions of insects can inhabit a small space
40
144877
2821
λͺ‡λ°±λ§Œμ˜ 곀좩듀이 μž‘μ€ κ³³μ—μ„œ κ±°μ£Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
and make use of all the available resources within it.
41
147698
3861
λ˜ν•œ κ·Έ μ•ˆμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  κ°€μš©ν•œ μžμ›μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
This means they can occupy hundreds of different niches across ecosystems.
42
151559
4791
이건 그듀이 μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ ν‹ˆμƒˆλ₯Ό μž₯μ•…ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
02:36
Some insects survive by eating the roots,
43
156350
2580
λͺ‡λͺ‡ 곀좩듀은 λ¨ΉλŠ” 것이 λΏŒλ¦¬μ™€
02:38
stems,
44
158930
1029
쀄기
02:39
leaves,
45
159959
810
잎
02:40
seeds,
46
160769
817
씨앗
02:41
pollen,
47
161586
729
꽃가루
02:42
and nectar of specific plants.
48
162315
2253
그리고 즙일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
Others, like wasps,
49
164568
1514
말벌 같은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 곀좩듀은
02:46
make use of live insects by paralyzing the victims
50
166082
3981
μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” 곀좩듀에 κΈ°μƒν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 삢을 μ‚΄κ³ 
02:50
and laying their eggs inside
51
170063
2034
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ•ˆμ— μ•Œλ„ λ‚³μ•„ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
so that when the hatchlings emerge,
52
172097
2094
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λΆ€ν™”κ°€ λλ‚˜λ©΄
02:54
they can eat their way out and get nourishment.
53
174191
3611
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μˆ™μ£Όλ₯Ό λ¨ΉμœΌλ©΄μ„œ μ˜μ–‘ μ„­μ·¨κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ .
02:57
Mosquitos and biting flies feed on blood,
54
177802
2793
λͺ¨κΈ°μ™€ νŒŒλ¦¬λŠ” ν”Όλ₯Ό λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
taking advantage of this unusual resource to ensure their survival.
55
180595
4511
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νŠΉμ΄ν•œ μžμ›μ„ ν†΅ν•œ 이점으둜 생쑴을 보μž₯ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
And a whole bunch of other insects have built a niche around feces.
56
185106
3761
그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  곀좩의 λ°°μ„€λ¬Ό 사이에 λ‚œ ν‹ˆμ—
03:08
Flies lay their eggs there,
57
188867
1689
νŒŒλ¦¬λŠ” μ•Œμ„ λ‚³μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
and some beetles even build large balls out of animal dung,
58
190556
3742
λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ”±μ •λ²Œλ ˆλŠ” λ™λ¬Όμ˜ λ°°μ„€λ¬Όλ‘œ 큰 곡을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
which they eat and use as accommodation for their eggs.
59
194298
3970
그듀은 그것을 먹기도 ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— μ•Œλ„ λ‚³μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
And then there's the insects' mighty power of metamorphosis.
60
198268
3704
κ³€μΆ©μ—κ²Œ λ³€νƒœλŠ” λ§‰κ°•ν•œ νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
This trait not only transforms insects,
61
201972
2639
이 νŠΉμ§•μ€ λ³€ν™”λ§Œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
03:24
but also helps them maximize the available resources in an ecosystem.
62
204611
5114
곀좩듀이 μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ κ°€μš©ν•œ μžμ›μ„ μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ²Œλ” λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
Take butterflies.
63
209725
1288
λ‚˜λΉ„λ₯Ό 보면
03:31
In their larval caterpillar form,
64
211013
1875
그듀이 μ• λ²Œλž˜μΌ λ•Œ
03:32
they chomp hungrily through leaves at a rapid rate
65
212888
3310
λΉ λ₯΄κ³  게걸슀럽게 μžŽμ‚¬κ·€λ₯Ό λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
to help them grow and spin cocoons.
66
216198
2508
λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  고치λ₯Ό ν‹€ 수 μžˆκ²Œμš”.
03:38
But when they emerge as butterflies,
67
218706
1868
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‚˜λΉ„κ°€ 되면
03:40
these insects feed only on flower nectar.
68
220574
2763
이런 곀좩듀은 였직 κ½ƒμ˜ κ³Όμ¦™λ§Œ λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:43
Metamorphosis means the larvae and adults of one species
69
223337
3873
λ³€νƒœλŠ” ν•œ μ’…μ˜ μ• λ²Œλ ˆμ™€ 성좩이 μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ
03:47
will never compete for the same resource,
70
227210
2858
같은 μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ μ‹Έμš°μ§€ μ•ŠμŒμ„ λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
so they successfully share an ecological niche
71
230068
3127
κ·Έλ₯Ό 톡해 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒνƒœν•™μ μΈ ν‹ˆμƒˆλ₯Ό
03:53
without limiting their own success.
72
233195
2476
μ’…μ˜ λ²ˆμ°½μ— μ œν•œ μ•Šκ³  ν™œμš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
This process is so efficient
73
235671
1702
이런 과정은 νš¨μœ¨μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
that an incredible 86% of insect species undergo complete metamorphosis.
74
237373
6314
86%λ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ κ³€μΆ© 쒅듀이 μ™„μ „ λ³€νƒœλ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
We're big and they're small,
75
243687
1545
우린 크고, 그듀은 μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
so it's easy to forget that these critters are moving in their millions
76
245232
4725
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우린 그듀이 λͺ‡λ°±λ§Œ λ§ˆλ¦¬μ”© μ›€μ§μΈλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ‰½κ²Œ μžŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
all around us,
77
249957
1382
그리고 우리 κ·Όμ²˜μ—
04:11
all the time.
78
251339
1614
μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒλ„μš”.
04:12
But examine almost any patch of ground,
79
252953
2315
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ•…μ˜ μ–΄λŠ 뢀뢄을 확인해봐도
04:15
and you're sure to find them there.
80
255268
1999
거기에 그듀이 μžˆμ„ 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
Their numbers are immense, and their success is unmatched.
81
257267
3610
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ³  κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 성곡은 필적할 것이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
We may have to accept that it's insects,
82
260877
2282
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 곀좩을
04:23
not us,
83
263159
1482
04:24
that are the true conquerors of the planet.
84
264641
2468
μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μ§„μ§œ μ§€λ°°μžλ‘œ 여겨야 할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7