Why is NASA sending a spacecraft to a metal world? - Linda T. Elkins-Tanton

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2018-01-29 ・ TED-Ed


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Why is NASA sending a spacecraft to a metal world? - Linda T. Elkins-Tanton

712,242 views ・ 2018-01-29

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jihye Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
Somewhere between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter,
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ν™”μ„±κ³Ό λͺ©μ„± ꢀ도 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 곡간,
00:10
about 500 million kilometers away from Earth,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 5μ–΅km 떨어진 이 곳에
00:13
floats a metallic orb the size of Massachusetts.
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맀사좔세츠 크기의 κΈˆμ† ꡬ체가 λ–  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
That’s no moon...it’s 16 Psyche,
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이것은 μœ„μ„±μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 16 ν”„μ‹œμΌ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
one of the most massive asteroids in the solar system.
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ†Œν–‰μ„± 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ©°
00:24
And it is the asteroid our droids are looking for.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 보낸 무인 μš°μ£Όμ„ λ“€μ΄ μ°Ύκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ†Œν–‰μ„±μ΄μ£ .
00:28
We humans have managed to send robotic spacecraft
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인λ₯˜λŠ” 무인 μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ λ³΄λ‚΄μ„œ
00:32
to all sorts of environments in space –
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우주의 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ§€ν˜•μ„ νƒμ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
the gas clouds of Saturn and Jupiter,
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ν† μ„±κ³Ό λͺ©μ„±μ˜ κ°€μŠ€ ꡬ름,
00:36
the icy wastes of Europa,
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유둜파의 μ–ΌμŒ μ§€λŒ€,
00:38
and the rocky dunes of Mars.
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ν™”μ„±μ˜ λ°”μœ„ 언덕 등이 있죠.
00:41
But Psyche’s surface isn’t just hard rock –
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν”„μ‹œμΌ€μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ€ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 암석이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:44
it’s heavy metal.
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μ€‘κΈˆμ†μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
The asteroid mostly consists of nickel and iron,
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이 μ†Œν–‰μ„±μ€ λ‹ˆμΌˆκ³Ό 철둜 이루어져 있으며,
00:49
by far the largest known body with such a composition.
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ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ 발견된 κ°€μž₯ 큰 λ‹ˆμΌˆ-μ²  λ©μ–΄λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
But we don’t yet know what it looks like;
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ν”„μ‹œμΌ€κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ²ΌλŠ”μ§€λŠ” 아직 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
our best current radar images show a pixelated smudge.
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ λ ˆμ΄λ” κΈ°μˆ λ‘œλŠ” νλ¦Ών•œ 윀곽만 확인할 수 있죠.
00:58
That’ll change in 2026,
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2026년에
01:01
when an unmanned spacecraft sent as part of NASA’s Discovery Program
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NASA 탐사 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ˜ 무인 μš°μ£Όμ„ μ΄ λ„μ°©ν•˜λ©΄
01:05
is scheduled to arrive.
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μ„ λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
So why is NASA so interested in Psyche?
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NASAλŠ” μ™œ ν”„μ‹œμΌ€μ— 관심을 μŸλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:10
Are we going to mine all that metal, or build a giant space magnet?
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κΈˆμ†μ„ μ±„κ΅΄ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μžμ„μ„ λ§Œλ“œλ €λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:14
Actually, the real reason is right under our feet.
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정닡은 우리 λ°œλ°‘μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
The core of the Earth is thought to consist of a solid nickel-iron center
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 핡은 고체 λ‹ˆμΌˆ-철둜 κ΅¬μ„±λœ λ‚΄ν•΅κ³Ό
01:22
with a molten outer layer.
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유체 μƒνƒœμ˜ μ™Έν•΅μœΌλ‘œ 이루어져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
But we’re prevented from studying it up close by 2,800 kilometers of solid rock.
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ν˜„μž¬ κΈ°μˆ λ‘œλŠ” 2,800km μ΄ν•˜λŠ” 탐사가 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
The deepest we’ve been able to drill is 12 kilometers.
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κ°€μž₯ κΉŠμ€ μ§€ν•˜ ν„°λ„μ˜ κΉŠμ΄λ„ 12km에 λΆˆκ³Όν•˜λ©°
01:34
Even if we could go further,
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더 깊이 κ°„λ‹€κ³  해도
01:36
the pressure at the core is three million times higher than at the surface,
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지ꡬ핡 λΆ€κ·Όμ˜ 기압은 μ§€μƒμ˜ 3백만 배에 λ‹¬ν•˜κ³ ,
01:40
with a temperature of 5,000 degrees Celsius.
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μ˜¨λ„λŠ” 섭씨 5,000λ„λ‚˜ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Simply put, a journey to the center of the Earth is out of the question for now.
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ν•œλ§ˆλ””λ‘œ, 지ꡬ λ‚΄λΆ€ νƒμ‚¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œλŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
So scientists have had to resort to indirect ways of studying the core,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 지ꡬ핡을 직접 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
01:53
like measuring earthquake waves that pass through it,
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지ꡬ핡을 ν†΅κ³Όν•˜λŠ” μ§€μ§„μ˜ νŒŒν˜•μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
01:56
or studying minerals thought to have formed there.
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μ§€κ΅¬ν•΅μ—μ„œ μƒμ„±λœ 광물을 뢄석해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
But what if the best way to study Earth’s inner space
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ λ‚΄λΆ€λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법이
02:02
is by visiting outer space?
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μš°μ£Όμ— μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
02:05
After all, we have a pretty good idea of how our planets formed.
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행성듀이 μƒμ„±λœ μ›λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Dust and gas orbiting our young Sun cooled and collided
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κ³Όκ±° νƒœμ–‘μ„ κ³΅μ „ν•˜λ˜ 먼지와 κ°€μŠ€κ°€ 식고 μΆ©λŒν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:13
to form a few thousand miniature bodies we call planetesimals.
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수천 개의 μž‘μ€ 미행성체가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
As these continued to orbit, some combined to grow larger,
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이 미행성체듀이 μ„œλ‘œ κ²°ν•©λ˜κ³  μ»€μ Έμ„œ
02:21
eventually forming our planets.
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” 행성이 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:23
Others experienced impacts that broke them apart into smaller chunks–
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μΌλΆ€λŠ” 좩격에 μ˜ν•΄ μͺΌκ°œμ Έμ„œ
02:28
the asteroids we see today in the belt between Mars and Jupiter.
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ν™”μ„±κ³Ό λͺ©μ„± 사이에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ μ†Œν–‰μ„±λŒ€λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
What makes Psyche so special
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ν”„μ‹œμΌ€κ°€ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ”
02:35
is that it appears to have been a planetesimal
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λ―Έν–‰μ„±μ²΄μ—μ„œ
02:38
well on its way to becoming a planet,
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행성이 되기 직전 단계인
02:40
with a rocky exterior surrounding a metal core.
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암석 껍데기 속에 κΈˆμ† 핡이 λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ” κ΅¬μ‘°μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
But its progress was cut short by a series of hit-and-run collisions
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 행성이 되기 전에 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ―Έν–‰μ„±μ²΄μ™€μ˜ 좩돌둜
02:48
with other planetesimals
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μ§€μ†λœ 좩격을 λ°›μ•„
02:50
that knocked off the rocky crust until only the core remained.
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ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ 암석측이 벗겨지고 ν•΅λ§Œμ΄ λ‚¨μ•˜μ£ .
02:55
Experiencing that many destructive collisions
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미행성체 좩돌둜 μ»€μ§€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:57
with no additive ones in between is statistically very unlikely,
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λΆ€μ„œμ§€κΈ°λ§Œ ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은 톡계상 맀우 λ“œλ¬ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
03:02
making Psyche an amazingly rare opportunity
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ν”„μ‹œμΌ€μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬λŠ” κΈˆμ† 핡을 뢄석해볼 수 μžˆλŠ”
03:05
to study an exposed metallic core.
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맀우 μ†Œμ€‘ν•œ 기회인 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
To do that, NASA’s robotic orbiter will be equipped
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ NASA의 μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„±μ€
03:12
with an array of advanced instruments.
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첨단 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό κ°–μΆ”κ³  μΆœλ°œν•  μ˜ˆμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
A spectrometer will analyze the gamma rays and neutrons
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뢄광계λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ ν”„μ‹œμΌ€κ°€ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ— λ§žμ„ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”
03:18
produced when Psyche is struck by cosmic rays.
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κ°λ§ˆμ„ κ³Ό μ€‘μ„±μžλ₯Ό 뢄석할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Each element in the periodic table
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μ£ΌκΈ°μœ¨ν‘œμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ›μ†ŒλŠ”
03:23
releases gamma rays of specific wavelengths,
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각자 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 파μž₯의 κ°λ§ˆμ„ μ„ λ°©μΆœν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:25
so these measurements will tell us what elements are found on the surface.
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이것을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ©΄ ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ–΄λ–€ μ›μ†Œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
A magnetometer will measure Psyche’s magnetic field,
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μžκΈ°κ³„λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄ ν”„μ‹œμΌ€μ˜ 자기μž₯을 μΈ‘μ •ν•΄
03:32
allowing us to learn more
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 자기μž₯이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ”μ§€
03:34
about how Earth’s magnetic field is generated at its core.
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연ꡬ해 λ³Ό 수 있겠죠.
03:37
And of course, an imager will give us a closer look at the surface
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λ¬Όλ‘  ν”„μ‹œμΌ€μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ„ μžμ„Ένžˆ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”
03:41
than ever before.
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카메라도 κ°–μΆœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
Visiting a whole new kind of world is exciting enough on its own.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 세계λ₯Ό νƒν—˜ν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ·Έ μžμ²΄λ‘œλ„ ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
But the mission to Psyche gives us a unique chance
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이에 더해 ν”„μ‹œμΌ€λ₯Ό νƒμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 일은
03:51
to discover our own planet’s innermost secrets in an orbit far, far away.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 비밀을 파체힐 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌλ¬΄μ΄ν•œ 기회인 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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