Making sense of spelling - Gina Cooke

366,115 views ・ 2012-09-25

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Chanhee Han κ²€ν† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:15
You've probably seen an email or an internet post
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당신은 μ΄λ©”μΌμ΄λ‚˜ 인터넷 ν¬μŠ€νŠΈλ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œ
00:19
about how weird and random English spelling seems to be.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ˜μ–΄μ˜ 슀펠링이 μ΄μƒν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ μ ν˜€μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
But what if I told you that it actually makes perfect sense?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ§Œμ•½ λ‚΄κ°€ 그것듀은 사싀상 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ§μ΄λœλ‹€κ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
00:25
In fact, that's spelling's job:
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사싀, 말이되게 ν•˜λŠ” 것이 슀펠링의 μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
Making sense. Think of spelling a word
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ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 철자λ₯Ό μ λŠ” 일을
00:31
as peeling back the layers of an onion.
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마치 μ–‘νŒŒλ₯Ό ν•œκ²Ή ν•œκ²Ή λ²—κ²¨λ‚΄λŠ”κ²ƒ 처럼 μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:33
The first layer is a word's sense and meaning.
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첫번째 겹은 ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 뜻과 μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
Often there are multiple layers of meaning.
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μ’…μ’… 그것듀은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 의미의 겹이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
Another layer is the word's structure.
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또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 겹은 κ·Έ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
Think of the center of the onion as a word's base element,
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μ–‘νŒŒμ˜ 쀑심을 ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ μš”μ†Œ
00:44
its essential kernel of meaning.
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즉, κ·Έ 단어 의미의 핡심과 같이 μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:46
A free-base element, like O-N-E,
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μ–΄κ·Ό(θͺžζ Ή)에 ꡬ애받지 μ•ŠλŠ” O-N-E
00:49
or T-W-O,
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λ˜λŠ” T-W-OλŠ”
00:51
can stand on its own as a word,
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κ·Έ 자체λ₯Ό ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
like one, or two.
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one λ˜λŠ” twoμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
00:55
A bound base, like the R-U-P-T of "erupt" or "rupture"
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μ–΄κ·Ό(θͺžζ Ή)에 μ œν•œλœ "erupt"μ΄λ‚˜ "rupture" R-U-P-T같은것은
00:58
needs another element in order to surface in a word.
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ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš”μ†Œκ°€ ν•„μš” ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Two or more bases
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두 개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ–΄κ·Ό(θͺžζ Ή)듀은
01:04
give us compounds, like "twofold" or "someone" or "bankrupt."
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ "twofold" λ˜λŠ” "someone" λ˜λŠ” "bankrupt." 같은 볡합어λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€λ‹€.
01:07
Once we figure out a word's meaningful elements,
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일단 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 단어속에 μžˆλŠ” μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ 되면
01:11
We can peel back its history to shed a little more light
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 단어 μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ κ»μ§ˆμ„ λ²—κΈΈ 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
κ·Έ 역사가 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 각 κΈ€μžκ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν˜•μ„±λœ 이유λ₯Ό μ’€ 더 λ°ν˜€μ€„ 수 있죠.
01:14
on why it's spelled as it is.
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01:16
The word "two," for example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 단어 "two"λŠ”
01:19
needs its "W" in order to mark its connection
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단어듀을 μ—°κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ "W"κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
to words like "twice," "twelve," "twenty,"
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"twice", "twelve", "twenty.
01:25
"twin" and "between."
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"twin" 와 "between"같은 단어가 κ·Έ 예죠.
01:27
A word's history is another layer of the onion.
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λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” μ–‘νŒŒμ˜ λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§‰μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
With that understanding, let's investigate the word "one."
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이런 이해λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 단어 "one"λ₯Ό 쑰사 ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:34
First we need to check in with what it means.
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λ¨Όμ € μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것이 무슨 λœ»μΈμ§€ 확인 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
Unique, single, solitary.
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κ³ μœ ν•œ, λ‹¨μΌμ˜, ν™€λ‘œμžˆλŠ”.
01:40
"One's" historical layers include its relatives
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"one"λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 막은 μžμ‹ μ˜ μΉœμ²™λ“€λ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
01:44
"only," "once," "eleven," and even "a,"
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"only", "once, "eleven"
심지어 "a", "an", "any"κ°€ κ·Έ μΉœμ²™λ“€μ΄μ£ .
01:48
"an" and "any."
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01:49
But it's the morphological relatives -
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것은 ν˜•νƒœν•™μ  μΉœμ²™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
the ones that share the base O-N-E -
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λ°”λ‘œ O-N-Eμ΄λΌλŠ” μ–΄κ·Ό(θͺžζ Ή)을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜μ£ .
01:55
That are really astonishing.
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κ·Έ 사싀은 μ•„μ£Ό λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
There are the familiar ones, like "anyone,"
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μ’€ 더 μΉœμˆ™ν•œ 것듀도 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
"anyone", "one-track", "oneself"듀이죠. 그것듀은 μ•„μ£Ό λͺ…ν™•ν•œ μΉœμ²™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
and "one-track" and "oneself" - those are obvious.
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02:04
But let's take a look at some unexpected derivations
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 단어 "one"의 λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆμƒμΉ˜ λͺ»ν•œ νŒŒμƒμ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄,
02:07
of the word "one."
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02:09
The word "alone" is built from the prefix A-L plus the base O-N-E.
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단어 "alone"은 μ–΄κ·Ό(θͺžζ Ή) O-N-Eμ—μ„œ 접두사 A-Lκ³Ό ν•©μ³μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
It's the same A-L prefix that we see
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이것은 "always", "already", "almighty", "almost"μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ” 접두사와 κ°™μ£ .
02:16
in "always," "already," "almighty" and "almost."
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02:20
It means "all."
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이것은 "λͺ¨λ‘"λ₯Ό λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
the word "alone" means "all one."
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단어 "alone"은 "all one"을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
It was misanalysed in the middle ages
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이건 μ€‘μ„Έμ‹œλŒ€μ—μ„œ 잘λͺ» ν•΄μ„ν–ˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:28
as having the prefix "a," like in "asleep" and "awake" and "around,"
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"asleep"κ³Ό "awake", 와 "around"와 같은 접두사 "a"λ₯Ό 가지며
02:33
and a new base was born: L-O-N-E,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–΄κ·Ό(θͺžζ Ή)인 L-O-N-E이 생겨났고
02:36
which then developed into its own family.
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이것은 자기 μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ 가쑱을 ν˜•μ„±ν•œλ‹€κ³  말이죠.
02:40
In the word "atone," we find the familiar preposition "at"
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단어"atone"μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΉœμˆ™ν•œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ "at"을 λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
compounded with the base O-N-E.
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이 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λŠ”μ–΄κ·Ό(θͺžζ Ή)인 O-N-E와 κ²°ν•©λ˜μ–΄ λ‚˜μ™”μ£ .
02:47
See, when we atone for something we've done wrong,
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무언가 잘λͺ»ν•œ 것을 속죄할 λ•Œμ—,
02:51
we attempt to make things whole again,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
to fix what's broken, to be at one again with whomever we hurt.
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λΆ€μ„œμ§„ 것을 고치고 μƒμ²˜μž…νžŒ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 의견일치 μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 말이죠.
02:58
But here's perhaps the best one of all:
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 여기에 μ‹­μ€‘νŒ”κ΅¬ λͺ¨λ“  것듀 쀑에 μ΅œκ³ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
the word "onion," which is also frequently derided as irregular
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단어"onion," 은 μ’…μ’… λΆˆκ·œμΉ™μ μ΄λ©° μ΄μƒν•˜λ‹€κ³  λΉ„μ›ƒμŒμ„ λ‹Ήν•˜μ£ ,
03:05
or crazy, for its spelling of "uh" with an O.
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철자 "uh"λ₯Ό O둜 λŒ€μ‹ ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ΄μœ μ—μ„œμš”.
03:09
But again, if we look into the word's structure,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€μ‹œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ ꡬ쑰,
03:13
and its history, it's a mystery no more.
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그리고 역사λ₯Ό 쑰사해보면, 그건 더 이상 λ―ΈμŠ€ν„°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
When we look at the roots of an onion,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ onion의 뿌리λ₯Ό 찾아보면
03:18
we learn that it is written as O-N-E plus I-O-N,
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우린 그것이 O-N-E에닀가 I-O-N을 λ”ν•΄μ„œ 쓰여진 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
the same suffix we find in "tension," "action," "union"
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I-O-N은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ "tension", "action", "union"μ™Έμ˜ μˆ˜μ²œκ°€μ§€μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” 같은 접미사죠.
03:28
and thousands of other words in English.
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03:31
Unlike the many cloves in a head of garlic,
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마늘의 머리에 μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€ 마늘 μͺ½λ“€κ³Ό 달리
03:34
an onion has a single bulb.
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μ–‘νŒŒλŠ” 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ•ŒλΏŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
It is marked by the state or condition of oneness.
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그것은 λ‹¨μΌμ„±μ˜ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
Like an onion, English is one -
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μ–‘νŒŒμ²˜λŸΌ, μ˜μ–΄λŠ” μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ„ κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ κ³΅μœ λ˜λŠ”
03:42
one single writing system shared across time and space.
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단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ³ μœ ν•œ κΈ€μ“°κΈ° μ²΄κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Its structure and its history have many layers,
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ ꡬ쑰와 μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 막을 가지고 있으며,
03:49
and peeling them apart can really add flavor to our language
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그것듀을 λ²—κ²¨λ‚΄λŠ” 것은 우리 언어에 맛을 더해쀄 수 있고,
03:53
and spice up our understanding. See, spelling is never just about spelling,
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우리의 이해λ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ³΄μ„Έμš”, μ² μžλŠ” κ·Έλƒ₯ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ² μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:58
but about how written words make sense.
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μ“°μ—¬μ§€λŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
It's almost enough to make you want to cry.
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μ΄κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλ„ 당신이 울고 싢도둝 λ§Œλ“€κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•œκ±°μ£ .
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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