A 3-minute guide to the Bill of Rights - Belinda Stutzman

2,177,988 views ใƒป 2012-10-30

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Orr Schlesinger
00:15
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution --
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ืขืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช --
00:18
also known as the Bill of Rights --
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช --
00:20
were ratified or passed over 200 years ago.
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ืื•ืฉืจืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 200 ืฉื ื”.
00:24
But even though they're a bit, well, old,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขื˜, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื•ืช,
00:27
these first 10 amendments are still the most debated and discussed section
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ืขืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉื“ื ื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
00:31
of our Constitution today.
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ืŸ? ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื”.
00:33
So, can you remember what they are?
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00:35
Let's take a look.
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00:36
The First Amendment is the freedom of speech,
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ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช, ื“ืช, ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืคื’ื ื”.
00:38
press, religion, assembly and petition.
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00:41
This may be the most revered of the amendments.
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ื–ื• ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื.
00:44
The First Amendment protects our rights to say and write our opinions,
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ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื•,
00:48
worship how we please, assemble together peacefully
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ืœืกื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืจืฆื”, ืœื”ืชืืกืฃ ื‘ืจื•ื’ืข,
00:51
and petition our government, if we feel the need.
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ื•ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืื ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš.
00:54
The Second Amendment is the right to bear arms.
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ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืืช ื ืฉืง.
00:57
The original intent of the Second Amendment
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืคืœื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื,
00:59
was to protect colonists from the invading British soldiers,
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01:02
but it now guarantees that you have the right
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื ืฉืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื.
01:04
to own a gun to defend yourself and your property.
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01:07
The Third Amendment is called the "Quartering" amendment.
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ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื ืงืจืืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:10
It was written in response to the British occupation,
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ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื›ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™,
01:13
and as a result of the colonists having to house -- or quarter --
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
01:16
soldiers in their homes during the American Revolution.
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01:19
Because of this amendment,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื•.
01:21
our government can never force us to house soldiers in our home.
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01:24
The Fourth Amendment is the right to search and seizure.
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ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ืคืฉ ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื.
01:27
The police can't come into our home without a search warrant
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ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื ื•.
01:30
and take our personal property.
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01:32
Today, many concerns have arisen about our rights to privacy in technology.
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื• ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
01:36
For example, can the government track your location with your smartphone,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื›ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืกืžืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
01:40
or can social media postings such as on Facebook and Twitter
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ืื• ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•?
01:43
be used without a warrant?
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01:45
On to the Fifth: It's all about due process.
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ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ืื•ืช.
01:48
You've probably heard the phrase "I plead the Fifth"
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช" ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
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in movies or on TV.
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01:53
They're talking about the Fifth Amendment,
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ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืžื›ื
01:55
which says that you don't have to take the witness stand against yourself
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if you may end up incriminating yourself.
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ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื.
02:00
OK, we're halfway done.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ื—ืฆื™.
02:03
The Sixth and Seventh Amendments are about how the legal system works.
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ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืื™ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
02:06
If you're accused of a crime,
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ืื ื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืคืฉืข, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื˜ื”.
02:08
you have the right to a speedy public trial and an impartial jury.
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02:11
You also have the right to a lawyer,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
02:13
and the right to take the stand if you choose.
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02:15
This is important because it will prevent the accused from sitting in prison forever
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื ืืฉื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืœื ืœื ืฆื—
02:19
and insists that the prosecution proceed with undue delay.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืฉื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ื—ื™ื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช.
02:24
The Seventh says you have the right to a jury trial,
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ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื”ื•ืืฉืžืชื ื‘ืคืฉืข,
ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื• 12 ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืฉื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืื ืืชื ื—ืคื™ื ืžืคืฉืข ืื• ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
02:27
where 12 impartial peers decide your innocence or guilt in the courtroom,
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02:31
as opposed to a judge doing it all alone.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ืคื˜ ืฉื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื‘ื“.
02:33
The Eight Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.
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ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ืื•ืกืจืช ืขื•ื ืฉ ืื›ื–ืจื™ ืื• ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœ.
02:36
Is the death penalty cruel? Is it unusual?
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ื”ืื ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื›ื–ืจื™? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ?
02:39
It's hard for Americans to agree on the definitions of cruel and unusual.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื›ื–ืจื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
02:44
The Ninth and Tenth Amendments are called the non-rights amendments.
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ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื ืงืจืื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื-ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:47
They say that the rights not listed in the Bill of Rights
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ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
02:50
are retained by the people in the states.
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02:52
We have other rights that are not listed in the Constitution,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื”,
02:55
and the states have the right to make their own policies,
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ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ืŸ,
02:58
like instituting state taxes.
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ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžื™ืกื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
02:59
So now you know all 10 amendments.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ 10 ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช.
03:01
Can you remember them all?
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ? ืื ืœื, ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื–ื”:
03:03
If not, remember this:
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03:04
the Bill of Rights is a crucial piece of American history,
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ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืคื™ืกื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
03:08
and though society has undergone many changes
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 200 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
03:10
these past 200 and some years,
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03:12
the interpretation and application of these amendments are as vital today
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ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื•.
03:16
as they were when they were written.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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