How fast are you moving right now? - Tucker Hiatt

1,918,820 views ใƒป 2014-01-27

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:08
How fast are you moving right now?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ืืชื ื ืขื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข?
00:12
That seems like an easy question.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืืœื” ืงืœื”.
00:13
The first tempting answer is,
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืคืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื,
00:15
"I'm not moving."
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ื–ื–."
00:16
Upon further reflection,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช,
00:18
you realize that maybe the Earth's motion counts.
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช.
00:21
So, a second tempting answer is,
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ืื–, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืคืชื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื,
00:23
"19 miles/second around the Sun."
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"30.5 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืžืฉ."
00:25
But then you recall learning that the Sun
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืืชื ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ
00:27
moves around the center of the Milky Way galaxy,
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ื ืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘,
00:30
and the Milky Way moves within the Local Group of galaxies,
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ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื ืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
00:33
and the Local Group moves within the Virgo Cluster,
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ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื”,
00:36
and the Virgo Cluster moves within...
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ื•ืฆื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื ืข ื‘ืชื•ืš....
00:39
"How fast are you moving?"
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"ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ืืชื ื ืขื™ื?"
00:40
is not an easy question.
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ื–ื• ืœื ืฉืืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
00:42
When Mission Control tells astronauts
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ื›ืฉื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื
00:43
how fast they're going,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื”ื ื ืขื™ื,
00:45
there's always an assumed standard of rest.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืœืžื ื•ื—ื”.
00:48
At the start of the voyage,
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืกืข,
00:49
speeds are given relative to the launchpad.
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ.
00:51
But later, when the launchpad is
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ
00:53
just one more arbritrary place
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช
00:54
down there on Earth's spinning surface,
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื,
00:56
speeds are given relative to
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช
00:58
the idealized, non-spinning pinpoint center of Earth.
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ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ื”ืœื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:03
On their way to the Moon,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืจื—,
01:04
Apollo astronauts had a hard time
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ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”
01:06
answering the question,
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ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”,
01:07
"How fast are you moving?"
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"ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ืืชื ื ืขื™ื?"
01:09
Speed away from Earth was one thing,
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“,
01:11
and speed toward the Moon was quite another.
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ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ืจื— ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
01:14
That's because the Earth and the Moon
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื™ืจื—
01:16
move relative to one another.
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ื ืขื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
01:18
Ah, of course!
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ืื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ!
01:19
Speed is a relative quantity.
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
01:21
When Captain Kirk ask Lieutenant Sulu
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ื›ืฉืงืคื˜ืŸ ืงื™ืจืง ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืกื’ืŸ ืกื•ืœื•
01:24
if the Starship Enterprise has reached a speed of warp 7,
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ืื ื”ืื ื˜ืจืคืจื™ื™ื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืช 7,
01:27
Sulu should reply,
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ืกื•ืœื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื•ืช,
01:29
"Relative to what, Captain?"
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"ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžื”, ืงืคื˜ืŸ?"
01:31
Such a sassy reply
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ื›ื–ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ืฆื•ืคื”
01:32
may get subordinate Starfleet officers in trouble,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืจื•ืช,
01:35
but it is the only good answer
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
01:36
to the question, "How fast are you moving?"
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ืœืฉืืœื”, "ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ืืชื ื ืขื™ื?"
01:39
This is basic relatively talking.
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ื–ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช.
01:41
Not fancy Einsteinian relativity,
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ืœื ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,
01:43
but good old fashioned (and still correct)
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ืืœื ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื”
01:46
Galilean relativity.
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(ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ื ื”) ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœืื•.
01:48
Galileo seems to have been the first person
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ืœื™ืœืื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
01:50
to realize that there is no such thing
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ
01:52
as an absolute speed.
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ืช.
01:54
Speeds are relative.
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช.
01:56
This means that speeds only have meaning
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
01:58
when they are referred to a reference frame.
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ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ื—ื•ืก.
02:01
Presumably that reference frame is itself at rest.
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ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื•ืก ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื”
02:05
But then we have to ask again,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื•ื‘,
02:07
"At rest relative to what?"
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"ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžื”?"
02:09
Because even the concept of rest
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ื—ื”
02:11
has lost any hint of absolute meaning.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ืจืžื– ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ืช.
02:14
Speed is relative, and rest is relative.
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
02:16
Earth's speed is 19 miles/second relative to the Sun.
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื 30.2 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ.
02:21
The Enterprise's speed is warp 7
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื ื˜ืจืคืจื™ื™ื– ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืช 7
02:23
relative to the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžืจื›ื– ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘.
02:26
Your speed is zero relative to your easy chair.
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ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ืืคืก ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื›ื•ืจืกื ืฉืœื›ื.
02:30
But depending on where you sit,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
02:32
it is hundreds of miles/hour relative to Earth's center.
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžืจื›ื– ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:35
When we furrow a brow and ask,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื,
02:37
"But how fast is Earth really moving?"
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"ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื–?"
02:39
we imagine Spaceship Earth
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
02:41
plowing through the ocean of space
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ืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื—ืœืœ
02:43
as it orbits the Sun.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
02:45
But space is not an ocean.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
02:46
It has no substance as water does.
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื.
02:49
Space is not a thing;
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ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฉื”ื•;
02:51
space is nothing.
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ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื•ื.
02:53
Space is no thing.
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ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
02:55
You can move between two points in space,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
02:57
say between Earth and Mars,
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ื ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืžืื“ื™ื,
02:59
but you can't move through space.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœืœ.
03:01
There's nothing to move through.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื ื•ืข ื“ืจื›ื•.
03:03
It's like trying to say how much a hole weighs.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืงืœ ื—ื•ืจ.
03:05
A hole weighs exactly nothing
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ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืงืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืœื•ื
03:08
because a hole is nothing.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื•ื.
03:10
It's a void, and so is space.
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ื”ื•ื ืจื™ืงื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื—ืœืœ.
03:12
To move relative to nothing is meaningless.
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ืœื ื•ืข ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื›ืœื•ื ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
03:15
The concepts of speed and of rest
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ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื”
03:18
have only relative meaning.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
03:19
They are absolutely meaningless.
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ื”ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
03:21
They mean something
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
03:23
only with respect to arbitrarily chosen,
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ืจืง ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืืงืจืื™ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื”,
03:25
artificial frames of reference.
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ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื•ืก.
03:28
If, someday, you are buckled into your spaceship,
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ืื, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืืชื ื ื—ื’ืจื™ื ืœื—ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
03:30
and you see from the side window, say,
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“, ื ื’ื™ื“,
03:32
a space station whizz by at constant speed,
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ืชื—ื ืช ื—ืœืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”,
03:35
there is no way to know which of you is really moving.
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืžื›ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืข.
03:38
Neither of you is really moving
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืข
03:40
because there is no deep reality about constant speed.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
03:42
Constant speed in a straight line
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ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ
03:45
has only relative meaning,
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช,
03:46
a kind of relative reality.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
03:49
Does this mean that all motion is relative?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช?
03:51
No! Some motions have only relative meaning,
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ืœื! ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช,
03:54
but some motions have absolute meaning,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ืช,
03:56
are absolutely real.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
03:59
For example, constant speed is relative,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช,
04:02
but change in speed is absolute.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™.
04:04
Calling something absolute in science
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืข
04:06
means that arbitrary standards are not used
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ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
04:09
in its measurement.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื”.
04:10
It is unambiguously measurable.
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ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช.
04:13
When your spaceship fires its engines,
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”,
04:15
your change in speed is beyond doubt.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจ.
04:18
You feel it in your stomach,
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ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
04:19
and your ship's sensors can measure it.
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื”.
04:21
Outside your window,
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ,
04:23
the passing space station
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ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช
04:24
may seem to be changing speed,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
04:26
but the beings inside the station will not feel it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ื ื” ืœื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”.
04:29
And no sensors can measure it.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:30
You are really changing speed,
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ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
04:32
and they are really are not.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื.
04:34
There's something absolutely real
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™
04:36
about changes in speed.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
04:38
The same goes for rotation.
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ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืงืฃ ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘.
04:40
If your spaceship is spinning,
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ืื ื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช,
04:42
you can feel it,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื”,
04:43
and your ship's sensors can measure it.
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:44
The space station outside
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ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
04:46
may seem to be going around you,
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ื ืจืื™ืช ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืื™ืชื›ื,
04:47
but it is you who feels queasy,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืืชื ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœื”,
04:49
not the folks in the space station.
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ืœื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ.
04:51
You are really spinning,
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ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื,
04:52
and they really are not.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื.
04:54
There's something absolutely real about rotation.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘.
04:57
So, some motions are relative, and some are not.
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ืื–, ื›ืžื” ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื.
05:00
There is no deep reality about constant speed,
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”,
05:02
but changes in speed are deeply real,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
05:05
and so are rotations.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื.
05:07
We have to be thoughtful
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘
05:08
in our analysis of everyday experience
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ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช
05:09
in order to identify what is deeply real.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืืžื™ืชื™.
05:12
Since we can be fooled by perceptions
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืคื™ืกื”
05:14
as basic as speed,
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ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
05:16
maybe every perception deserves careful scrutiny.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”.
05:18
This is what inspired Einstein
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
05:20
to his incredible insights
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ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื•
05:21
about the speed of light and forward time travel.
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ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ืžืกืข ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
05:24
Knowing how to identify
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ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
05:25
what is deeply real
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ืžื” ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™
05:27
is tough and important work.
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ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
05:30
If a police officer ever pulls you over for speeding
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ืื ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืื™ ืคืขื ื™ืขืฆื•ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช
05:33
and asks, "Do you know how fast you were going?"
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ื•ื™ืฉืืœ, "ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืกืขืชื?"
05:35
an insightful, though perhaps unwise, reply
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื—ื›ืžื”
05:39
would be, "Relative to what?"
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ืชื”ื™ื”, "ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžื”?"
05:41
And then, as you sit in the backseat of the police car
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”
05:44
and feel it accelerate toward jail,
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ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืื™ืฆื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื,
05:46
you can add,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ,
05:48
"But some things are absolute!"
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"ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ื™ื!"
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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