Dissecting Botticelli's Adoration of the Magi - James Earle

85,104 views ใƒป 2013-06-17

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Around 1469, a wealthy money changer commissioned
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 1469, ื—ืœืคืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื™ื ื”
00:16
a young painter named Sandro Botticelli
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ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืกื ื“ืจื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™
00:18
to paint an altar piece.
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ืœืงืฉื˜ ืžื–ื‘ื—.
00:19
Botticelli would, of course, become known
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ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื ืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื•ืข
00:21
as one of the greatest painters of the High Renaissance,
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ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ "ื”ืจื ืกืื ืก ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”",
00:23
producing works like "La Primavera"
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ืœื™ื“ืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘". (ืœื” ืคืจื™ืžื•ื•ืจื”)
00:25
and "The Birth of Venus."
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ื•"ืœื™ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื•ื ื•ืก".
00:26
But, in 1469, he had not yet earned this reputation.
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ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1469, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
00:30
The scene this young artist set out to paint was well-known:
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ื”ืกืฆื ื” ืฉืืžืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื”:
00:32
the Three Wise Men, or Magi,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื• ื”ืืžื’ื•ืฉื™ื,
00:34
arriving at the birth place of Jesus Christ.
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ื—.
00:37
Botticelli would aspire to take this common theme
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ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™ ื™ืฉืืฃ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื–ื”
00:39
and produce an entirely original work,
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
00:41
while asserting himself
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืกืก ืขืฆืžื•
00:42
among the most important citizens of Florence.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื ืฆื”.
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžื’ื•ืฉื™ื
00:45
Many earlier paintings illustrate the Magi
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00:47
arriving at a stable, stately manger,
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจื•ื•ื”, ืœืื‘ื•ืก ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ
00:49
fitting for the son of God.
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ืฉื”ื•ืœื ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
00:50
The young Botticelli, however, chose
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ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื‘ื—ืจ
00:52
to place the scene in the dilapidated Roman ruin.
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ืœืžืงื ืืช ื”ืกืฆื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ืžืื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื”.
00:55
At the center of this structure,
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื”,
00:56
he placed a sturdy rock for Mary and Jesus
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืกืœืข ืื™ืชืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ ื•ื™ืฉื•
00:58
to sit high above their visitors.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
01:00
With this decision, Botticelli seemed to say
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ืขื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื•, ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”
01:02
Christianity will be built on sturdier stuff than Rome.
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ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืชื•ืงื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื™ืชืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืจื•ืžื.
01:05
Botticelli then populated the space
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ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™ ืื– ืื›ืœืก ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ
01:07
with important men from his city.
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ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื™ืจื•.
01:09
On the right side, he paints the man
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ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ
01:10
who paid for this work, Gaspare del Lama,
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ืฉืฉื™ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื’ืกืคืจ ื“ืœ ืœืžื”,
01:12
looking out at the viewer
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืคื”
01:14
and confidently pointing at himself
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•
01:15
so that there is no question
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ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืฉืืœื”
01:16
who is responsible for this masterpiece.
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ืžื™ ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืคืช.
01:18
Though born the son of a barber,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœืื‘ ืกืคืจ
01:20
del Lama amassed a good sum of money
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ื“ืœ ืœืืžื” ืฆื‘ืจ ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
01:22
through currency exchange in his lifetime.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœืคื ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื.
01:24
He earned enough money to buy a burial chapel
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื“ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงืคืœืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื”
01:26
and decorate it with a pretty painting.
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ื•ืœืขื˜ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืคื™ื
01:28
The Three Wise Men appear at the center of this painting,
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"ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื " ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ,
01:30
kneeling to Mary and Jesus.
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ื›ื•ืจืขื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžืจื™ ื•ื™ืฉื•
01:31
As models for these important figures,
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ื›ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื”,
01:33
Botticelli used members of the important Medici family.
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ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื“ื™ืฆ'ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
01:36
Del Lama's career as a money changer
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ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœ ืœืืžื” ื›ื—ืœืคืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ื
01:38
would not have been possible
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจืช
01:39
without the help of the powerful Medici family,
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ืœืœื ืขื–ืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื“ื™ืฆ'ื™ ืจื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
01:41
in particular Cosimo de' Medici,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืงื•ื–ื™ืžื• ื“ื” ืžื“ื™ืฆ'ื™,
01:43
who appears prominently at Mary's feet.
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ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืœืจื’ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™.
01:45
The other wise men can be identified
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ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
01:47
as Piero and Giovanni de' Medici,
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ื›ืคื™ื™ืจื• ื• ื’'ื•ื‘ืื ื™ ื“ื” ืžื“ื™ืฆ'ื™,
01:49
Cosimo's two sons.
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ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ื–ื™ืžื•.
01:50
The business of money exchange
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01:51
had dubious ethical and legal associations,
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ืœืขืกืง ื”ืžืจืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื
ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื™ื,
01:54
so the friendship of this powerful family was important.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
01:57
And the young heir to Medici power, Lorenzo,
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ืฆ'ื™, ืœื•ืจื ืฆื•,
01:59
could not be omitted from this painting's composition.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืžื˜ ืžื”ืงื•ืžืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ.
02:02
He appears to the left of the manger.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืก.
02:04
This painting seems to say
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ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”
02:05
the Medici legacy, with its many healthy heirs,
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ืฉืžื•ืจืฉืช ืžื“ื™ืฆ'ื™, ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
02:08
will be built on sturdier stuff than Rome.
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ืชื™ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืจื•ืžื.
02:10
Botticelli then filled the rest of the space
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ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™ ืžืžืœื ืื– ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
02:12
with other friends and powerful figures from Florence.
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื ืฆื”.
02:15
And, among the Florentine elite,
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ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื ืฆื”,
02:16
the young, confident artist painted himself
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ื”ืืžืŸ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
02:18
looking directly at the viewer.
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ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืฆื•ืคื”.
02:20
Botticelli's presence in this painting
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ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื–ื”
02:22
illustrates a radical shift in the perception
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ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช
02:24
of artists during this time period.
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ื”ืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื”.
02:26
Botticelli did not view himself
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ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™ ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
02:27
as a common craftsman hired for a simple job.
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ื›ืื•ืžืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
02:30
He viewed himself as a friend
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ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจ
02:31
to the powerful families of Florence.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื ืฆื”.
02:33
Paintings like "The Adoration of the Magi"
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ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• "ื”ืขืจืฆืช ื”ืืžื’ื•ืฉื™ื"
02:35
reveal much more than a simple retelling of a biblical story.
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ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื›ื™.
02:38
They can tell the story of, among other things,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
02:40
a modestly-born money changer
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ื—ืœืคืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืžืžื•ืฆื ืฆื ื•ืข
02:42
attempting to spend his money virtuously
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ืžื ืกื” ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื›ืกืคื• ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ
02:44
by making a local chapel more beautiful,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืงืคืœื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:46
or the story of an ambitious young painter,
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ืื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืืคืชืŸ,
02:48
elevating the reputation of his craft
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ืฉืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื•
02:50
to stand among the wealthy elite of his city.
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ืœื”ืชื ื•ืกืก ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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