Mysteries of vernacular: Bewilder - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

60,259 views ใƒป 2013-08-23

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
Mysteries of vernacular:
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™:
00:08
Bewilder, to confuse or puzzle completely.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืชืข ืื• ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
00:13
The root of the word bewilder
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจ
00:14
can be traced back to the Old English word wilde,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื•ื™ืœื“,
00:18
which was used to refer to something
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉื”ื•
00:20
that was in a natural state,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
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uncultivated,
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ืœื ืžื˜ื•ืคื—,
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or undomesticated.
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ืื• ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื™ื™ืช.
00:26
Over time, the word wild was often linked
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืงื•ืฉืจื” ืจื‘ื•ืช
00:28
to the Old English word deor.
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ืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื“ืื•ืจ.
00:31
Deor, which was derived
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ื“ืื•ืจ, ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื”
00:33
from an early Indo-European root
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ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ืื™ื ื“ื•-ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื
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that meant breathe,
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• ืœื ืฉื•ื,
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was initially used to describe
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ืชื™ืืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”
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any untamed animal or beast.
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ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื” ืœื ืžืื•ืœืคืช ืื• ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื.
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This eventually morphed into the modern word deer,
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจ (ืื™ื™ืœ),
00:47
meaning a ruminant of the family Cervidae.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืžืขืœื” ื’ื™ืจื” ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื™ื™ืœื™ื.
00:51
The two Old English words,
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช,
00:53
when mashed together,
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“,
00:54
became wilderness,
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจื ืก (ืคืจื),
00:57
meaning a tract of uncultivated land,
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ืœื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ืช,
00:59
primarily inhabited by undomesticated beasts.
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ืฉื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื.
01:04
From the word wilderness,
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจื ืก,
01:05
the word wilder was born.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจ ื ื•ืœื“ื”.
01:08
To wilder someone was to lead him astray
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ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื“ื ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“
01:11
or lure him into the woods.
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ืื• ืœืคืชื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืขืจ.
01:14
In the 1600's, the prefix be,
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”15, ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช ื‘ื™,
01:18
meaning thoroughly,
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™,
01:19
was compounded with wilder
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ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจ
01:21
as a way of tacking on a little extra punch.
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื”.
01:25
Someone who was bewildered
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœ
01:27
was thoroughly lost in the wild.
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ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื•ื“ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ืขืจ.
01:30
From this winding background,
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ืžื”ืจืงืข ื”ืžืคื•ืชืœ ื”ื–ื”,
01:32
bewilder eventually evolved into our current definition,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช,
01:36
to be completely confused.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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