Why do we pass gas? - Purna Kashyap

1,193,971 views ใƒป 2014-09-08

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:08
Flatulence, or passing gas, is a normal daily phenomenon.
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ืคืœื™ืฆื™ื, ืื• ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช.
00:14
Most individuals, yes, that includes you,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืชื›ื,
00:17
will make anywhere from 500-1500 milliliters of gas
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ื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 500-1500 ืžื™ืœื™ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื–
00:21
and can pass gas ten to twenty times a day.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉืจ ืœืขืฉืจื™ื ืคืขื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
00:25
But where does this bodily gas come from?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื’ื– ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข?
00:27
A small proportion may come from ingesting air during sleep, or at other times,
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ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืชื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ืœื™ืขืช ืื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ืื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
00:33
but the majority of gas is produced by bacteria in our intestines
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื– ืžื™ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื™ ืฉืœื ื•
00:38
as they digest parts of food which we cannot.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืขื›ืœื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
00:41
Our intestine is home to trillions of bacteria
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ื”ืžืขื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืœื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช.
00:44
living in a symbiotic relationship with us.
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ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื•.
00:47
We provide them with a safe place to stay and food to eat.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
00:50
In exchange, they help us extract energy from our food,
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื•,
00:54
make vitamins for us, like vitamin B and K, boost our immune system,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B ื• K, ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
00:58
and play an important role in gastrointestinal barrier function,
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ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื,
01:03
motility and the development of various organ systems.
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ื ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
01:07
Clearly, it's in our best interest to keep these bacteria happy.
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ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉืžื—ื•ืช.
01:11
Gut bacteria get their nutrition primarily from undigested food,
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ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืžืขื•ื›ืœ,
01:15
such as carbohydrates and proteins, which come to the large intestine.
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ื›ืžื• ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืขื™ ื”ื’ืก.
01:20
They ferment this undigested food to produce a wide range of compounds,
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ื”ื ืžืชืกื™ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืœื ืžืขื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
01:24
such as short-chain fatty acids and, of course, gases.
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืจื•ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื’ื–ื™ื.
01:29
Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are the most common gaseous products
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ืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื”ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื
01:32
of bacterial fermentation, and are odorless.
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ืฉืœ ืชืกื™ืกืช ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืจื™ื—.
01:35
Some people also produce methane due to specific microbes present in their gut.
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื ืžืชืืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื.
01:40
But methane is actually odorless, too.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชืืŸ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ืกืจ ืจื™ื—.
01:44
Well then, what stinks?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืžืกืจื™ื—?
01:45
The foul smell is usually due to volatile sulfur compounds,
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ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ืžืฆื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช ื ื“ื™ืคื•ืช,
01:50
such as hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol, or methyl mercaptan.
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ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืžืŸ ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืชื™ ื•ืžืชืื ืืชื™ื•ืœ, ืื• ืžืชื™ืœ ืžืจืงืคื˜ืŸ.
01:54
These gases, however, constitute less than 1% of volume,
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ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจืง 1% ืžื”ื ืคื—,
01:58
and are often seen with ingestion of amino acids containing sulfur,
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ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช,
02:02
which may explain the foul smell of gas from certain high protein diets.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ืžืกืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ื ืžื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื.
02:07
Increased passage of gas is commonly noticed after eating foods
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ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื’ื–ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืื—ืจื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื
02:11
with high amounts of indigestible carbohydrates,
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ืขื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืขื›ืœื•ืช,
02:14
like beans, lentils, dairy products, onions, garlic, leeks, radishes,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืขื•ืขื™ืช, ืขื“ืฉื™ื, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘, ื‘ืฆืœื™ื, ืฉื•ื, ื›ืจื™ืฉื”, ืฆื ื•ืŸ,
02:21
potatoes, oats, wheat, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, and brussel sprouts.
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ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”, ืฉืขื•ืจื”, ื—ื™ื˜ื”, ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™, ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื.
02:29
Humans lack the enzymes,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื,
02:30
so the bacteria able to ferment complex carbohydrates take over,
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ืื– ื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืกื™ืก ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“,
02:35
and this naturally leads to more gas than usual.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื–ื™ื ืžื›ืจื’ื™ืœ.
02:38
But if you feel uncomfortable, bloated or visibly distended,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื—, ื ืคื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื ืคื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช,
02:42
this may indicate impaired movement of gas along the gastrointestinal track.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื’ื–ื™ื ืžื•ืคืจืขืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื.
02:46
It's important not to just blame certain foods
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืจืง ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื
02:49
for gas and bloating and then avoid them.
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ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื’ื–ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืคื•ื— ื•ืื– ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื”ื.
02:51
You don't want to starve the bacteria that digest these complex carbohydrates,
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ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจืขื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื›ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
02:55
or they'll have to start eating the sugars in the mucus lining of your intestines.
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ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืจืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
03:00
Your personal gas will vary based on what you eat,
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ื”ื’ื– ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉืชื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื›ื,
03:03
and what bacteria are in your gut.
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ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื.
03:05
For example, from the same starting sugar,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™,
03:08
the bacteria clostridium produces carbon dioxide, butyrate and hydrogen,
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ื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื” ืงืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™, ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื•ืžื™ืžืŸ,
03:12
while propionibacterium can produce carbon dioxide, propionate and acetate.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืคืจื•ืคื™ื•ื ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™, ืคืจื•ืคื™ื•ื ื˜ ื•ืืฆื˜ื˜.
03:18
At the same time, methanogens can use hydrogen and carbon dioxide
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืชืื ื•ื’ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™
03:22
produced by other bacteria to generate methane,
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืชืืŸ,
03:26
which can reduce the total volume of gas by using up hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื– ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™.
03:31
So there's a complex web among intestinal bacteria
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืจืฉืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื
03:34
allowing them to flourish by either directly consuming undigested food,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืŸ ืœืฉื’ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืžืขื•ื›ืœ,
03:38
or using what other bacteria produce.
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ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
03:41
This interaction largely determines the amount and type of gas produced,
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ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื” ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
03:46
so gas production is a sign that your gut bacteria are at work.
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ืื– ื’ื– ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
03:50
But in some instances, people may develop abnormal increased flatulence.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื— ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืœื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช.
03:55
A common example is lactose intolerance.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืœืงื˜ื•ื–.
03:58
Most individuals have the enzyme for breaking down lactose,
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืง ืœืงื˜ื•ื–,
04:02
a sugar present in milk and milk-derived products.
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ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื•.
04:05
But some people either lack it entirely, or have a reduced amount,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื—ืกืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืคื—ืชืช,
04:10
such as after a gastrointestinal infection,
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ื›ืžื• ืื—ืจื™ ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื,
04:12
so they're unable to digest lactose products and may experience cramping,
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ืื– ื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช,
04:16
along with increased flatulence due to bacterial fermentation.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื’ื–ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืชืกื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช.
04:21
But remember, most gas is produced
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื›ืจื•, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื
04:23
as a natural result of bacterial fermentation in the intestine,
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชืกื™ืกื” ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื,
04:27
and indicates healthy functioning of the gut.
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ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื.
04:30
The amount and type can vary based on your diet and the bacteria in your intestine.
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ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื•ื’ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื.
04:34
Exercise social courtesy while passing gas, and do try to forgive your bacteria.
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ืืžืฆื• ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืคืœื™ืฆื™ื, ื•ื ืกื• ืœืกืœื•ื— ืœื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
04:39
They're only trying to be helpful.
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ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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