The Fijian myth of the greedy god - Raiana McKinney and Esther Wozniak

267,516 views ใƒป 2024-02-13

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:06
With his appetite for conquest and knack for combat,
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ืขื ื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”,
00:10
the shark god Dakuwaqa was determined to vanquish all his rivals.
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ืืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•.
00:16
Long ago, the ancestral gods of Fiji, known as kalou vu or simply vu,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื’โ€™ื™, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืงืืœื• ื•ื• ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื•,
00:23
settled on the Pacific archipelago,
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ื‘ืืจื›ื™ืคืœื’ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜,
00:25
each establishing a village in a different area.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ืงื™ื ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ.
00:29
Eventually, they metamorphosed into various forms.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื˜ืžื•ืจืคื•ื–ื” ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
00:32
Dakuwaqa settled on resource-rich Cakaudrove
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ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงืืื•ื“ืจื•ื•ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
00:36
and transformed into a shark.
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ื•ื”ืคืš ืœื›ืจื™ืฉ.
00:39
But he was unsatisfied.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ืฆื”.
00:41
He became proud and greedy, and wanted to challenge every vu,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื’ืื” ื•ื—ืžื“ืŸ, ื•ืจืฆื” ืœืืชื’ืจ ื›ืœ ื•ื•,
00:45
establish himself as the mightiest, and dominate all of Fijiโ€™s islands.
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ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื’โ€™ื™.
00:52
In his quest for power, Dakuwaqa sped through the waters toward Rewa,
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื—, ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ืจืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืจืื•ื•ื”,
00:56
where a quick and cunning eel-shaped vu tried to stop him in the mouth of a river.
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ืฉื ื•ื• ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืฆืœื•ืคื— ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ื ื”ืจ.
01:01
Soon, the two were tumbling through the water, locked in combat.
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ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื ืœื—ืžื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื, ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘.
01:06
The brawling vu created towering waves,
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ื”ืงื˜ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื• ื™ืฆืจื” ื’ืœื™ื ืžืชื ืฉืื™ื,
01:09
stretching the river further inshore and flooding nearby coastal communities.
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ืฉืžื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืฆื™ืคื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืฃ ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช.
01:14
In the end, the eel was no match for Dakuwaqaโ€™s ferocity.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืฆืœื•ืคื— ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื”.
01:19
After the fight, the Rewa River became the longest and widest in Fiji,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืคืš ื ื”ืจ ืจืื•ื•ื” ืœืืจื•ืš ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื™ื’โ€™ื™,
01:24
which made nearby communities especially prone to flooding.
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ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ืฆืคื•ืช.
01:28
But Dakuwaqa didnโ€™t care what damage he caused,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืื™ื–ื” ื ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื,
01:32
so long as he remained undefeated.
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆื—.
01:35
Dakuwaqa continued on his rampage, later vanquishing Masilaca,
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ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœ, ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืฆื— ืืช ืžืกื™ืœืืงื”,
01:40
the small, mischievous shark vu that lived near Beqa Island.
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ื•ื• ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ ืฉื—ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื™ ื‘ืงื.
01:44
Despite their rocky start, the two became friends.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื“ื“ื•.
01:48
But one day, Masilacaโ€” perhaps growing tired of Dakuwaqaโ€™s proud, selfish ways
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืžืกื™ืœืืงื” - ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืชืขื™ื™ืฃ ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื”
01:53
and the chaos heโ€™d caused across the archipelagoโ€”
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ื•ืžื”ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืฉื’ืจื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ืคืœื’-
01:57
presented a challenge he knew Dakuwaqa couldnโ€™t resist.
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ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืชื’ืจ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•.
02:01
Masilaca spoke about a fierce vu called Rokobakaniceva,
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ืžืกื™ืœืืงื” ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื•ื• ืขื– ื‘ืฉื ืจื•ืงื•ื‘ืงื ื™ืฆโ€™ื‘ื”,
02:05
who guarded the outer island of Kadavu,
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ืฉืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืงื“ืื‘ื•,
02:08
and teased that, until Dakuwaqa defeated them,
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ื•ื”ืงื ื™ื˜ ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืฉื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ื™ื‘ื™ืก ืื•ืชื,
02:11
he couldnโ€™t claim the title of strongest vu.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื•ื• ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:14
Before Masilaca could even finish describing Rokobakaniceva,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืกื™ืœืืงื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืกื™ื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืจื•ืงื•ื‘ืงืื ื™ืฆโ€™ื‘ื”,
02:19
Dakuwaqa was jetting through the water in the direction of Kadavu.
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ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ื˜ืก ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื“ืื‘ื•.
02:24
As he came close, Dakuwaqa saw a giant octopus
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ื›ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘, ืจืื” ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ืขื ืง
02:28
hovering at the entrance to a reef.
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ืžืจื—ืฃ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช.
02:31
The octopus vu, Rokobakaniceva, cared greatly for the people of Kadavu
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ื”ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ื•ื•, ืจื•ืงื•ื‘ืงื ื™ืฆโ€™ื‘ื”, ื“ืื’ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื“ืื‘ื•
02:36
and asked Dakuwaqa politely to stay away and not intimidate the villagers.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ื•ืœื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ื“ ืืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ.
02:43
Dakuwaqa was only emboldened by the request.
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ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ืจืง ื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืžื”ื‘ืงืฉื”.
02:46
He showed his imposing teeth and lunged forward to attack.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื–ื™ื ืง ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืชืงื•ืฃ.
02:50
But Rokobakaniceva was prepared.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ืงื•ื‘ืงื ื™ืฆโ€™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
02:54
With four tentacles, the octopus vu remained rooted to a rock on the seafloor
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ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ื•ื• ื ืฉืืจ ืžื•ืฉืจืฉ ื‘ืกืœืข ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื
02:59
and with the remaining four, captured Dakuwaqaโ€™s body
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ื•ืขื ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืœื›ื“ ืืช ื’ื•ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื”
03:02
and flipped him over.
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ื•ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื•.
03:04
In this position, his breathing slowed and his muscles relaxed.
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื ืฉื™ืžืชื• ื”ืื˜ื” ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื• ื ืจื’ืขื•.
03:10
He was paralyzed and powerless in a mysterious state called tonic immobility
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืง ื•ื—ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื˜ื•ื ื™
03:15
that some sharks assume when flipped over
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ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืชื”ืคื›ื™ื
03:18
or when the sensitive pores of their snout are stimulated.
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ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžื’ื•ืจื•ืช.
03:22
Dakuwaqa was stuck upside down and struggling to breathe,
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ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ื”ื™ื” ืชืงื•ืข ื”ืคื•ืš ื•ื ืื‘ืง ืœื ืฉื•ื,
03:26
and Rokobakanicevaโ€™s tentacles wrapped tighter and tighter around his body.
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ื•ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ืงื•ื‘ืงื ื™ืฆ'ื‘ื” ืขื˜ืคื• ืืช ื’ื•ืคื• ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:31
Though still shocked,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืขื–ืข,
03:32
Dakuwaqa realized the battle was lost for the first time in his life.
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ื“ืืงื•ื•ืืงื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื‘ ืื‘ื“ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•.
03:38
In exchange for Rokobakanicevaโ€™s mercy, he promised that he would change his ways.
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืจื—ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ืงื•ื‘ืงื ื™ืฆ'ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื•.
03:44
Instead of menacing the villagers and other vu,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื•ืขืœ ื•ื• ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:46
he vowed to protect Fijian fishers from Kadavu and beyond.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ ืคื™ื’โ€™ื™ ืžืงื“ืื‘ื• ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”.
03:53
Pleased with the pact, Rokobakaniceva agreed and freed Dakuwaqa.
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ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื, ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืจื•ืงื•ื‘ืงื ื™ืฆโ€™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื”.
03:58
He stayed true to his wordโ€” no longer bragging about dueling vu,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื ืืžืŸ ืœืžื™ืœืชื• - ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืชืจื‘ืจื‘ ื‘ื“ื•-ืงืจื‘ ื•ื•,
04:03
conquering coastlines, and taking tributes.
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ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืžื—ื•ื•ืช.
04:06
Instead, he began finding satisfaction in guiding lost people back to their homes
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื
04:12
and warning local fishers of bad weather and sinister sea creatures.
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ื•ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ื ืžืจื•ืฉืขื™ื.
04:17
In return, some of Fijiโ€™s people would pay homage to Dakuwaqa
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื—ืœืง ืžืื ืฉื™ ืคื™ื’โ€™ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื”
04:21
by pouring a traditional drinkโ€” yaqona, also known as kavaโ€” into the ocean.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื–ื™ื’ืช ืžืฉืงื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ - ื™ืงื•ื ื”, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื ืงืื•ื•ื” - ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
04:27
And upon returning safely from fishing trips with an abundance of catch,
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ื•ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืžื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ ื“ื™ื’ ืขื ืฉืคืข ืžืœื›ื•ื“,
04:31
theyโ€™d throw fish heads back into the ocean for the sharksโ€”
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืจืืฉื™ ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื -
04:34
gestures of mutual care to elicit luck
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ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืžื–ืœ
04:37
and protection from Dakuwaqa himself.
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ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืžื“ืงื•ื•ืืงื” ืขืฆืžื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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