Haptography: Digitizing our sense of touch - Katherine Kuchenbecker

396,158 views ใƒป 2013-03-25

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:14
I'm a mechanical engineering professor
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ืื ื™ ืžืจืฆื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช
00:16
at the University of Pennsylvania,
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”
00:18
and my favorite hobby is photography.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
00:21
And as I travel around the world,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
00:23
I love taking photographs like these,
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00:25
so I can remember all the beautiful and interesting things
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื™.
00:28
that I've seen.
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00:29
But what I can't do is record and share
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืชืขื“ ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื
ืื™ืš ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืฉื ื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:33
how these objects feel to touch.
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00:36
And that's kind of surprising,
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืคืชื™ืข,
00:38
because your sense of touch is really important.
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ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
00:40
It's involved in every physical interaction you do every day,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื,
ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
00:43
every manipulation task, anything you do in the world.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:45
So the sense of touch is actually pretty interesting.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื“.
00:48
It has two main components.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื.
00:50
The first is tactile sensations,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื’ืข,
00:52
things you feel in your skin.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ.
00:54
And the second is kinesthetic sensations.
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”,
00:56
This has to do with the position of your body and how it's moving,
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžื ื— ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื•ืขืข,
01:00
and the forces you encounter.
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืฉ.
01:01
And you're really good at incorporating
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘
01:03
both of these types of sensations together
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ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
01:05
to understand the physical interactions you have with the world
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ื‘ืžื’ืžื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:08
and understand as you touch a surface:
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื— ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
01:10
is it a rock, is it a cat, is it a bunny, what is it?
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ื”ืื ื–ื• ืื‘ืŸ, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื—ืชื•ืœ, ืืจื ื‘? ืžื” ื–ื”?
01:13
And so, as an engineer,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื”ื ื“ืกืช, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืจืชืง ืื•ืชื™
01:16
I'm really fascinated
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01:17
and I have a lot of respect for how good people are with their hands.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื‘
ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื.
01:20
And I'm intrigued and curious
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ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžืกืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช
01:22
about whether we could make technology better
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื ืฃ
01:25
by doing a better job at leveraging
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01:26
the human capability with the sense of touch.
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ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ.
ื”ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช
01:29
Could I improve the interfaces to computers and machines
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžื’ืข ื™ื“ื™ื›ื?
01:32
by letting you take advantage of your hands?
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01:34
And indeed, I think we can,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ืŸ,
01:36
and that's at the core of a field called haptics,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืงืจื•ื™ "ื”ืคื˜ื™ืงื”",
01:38
and this is the area that I work in.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
01:40
It's all about interactive touch technology.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื’ืข ื”ื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ืช.
01:42
And the way it works is,
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ื•ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื,
01:44
as you move your body through the world,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘,
01:46
if, as an engineer, I can make a system that can measure that motion,
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ืื ืื ื™, ื›ืžื”ื ื“ืกืช, ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื–ื•,
01:49
and then present to you sensations over time
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ื•ืื—ืจ ืืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช
01:52
that kind of make sense,
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ,
01:53
that match up with what you might feel in the real world,
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ืฉืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™,
01:56
I can fool you into thinking you're touching something
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•
ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ืœื•ื.
01:59
even though there's nothing there.
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02:00
So here are three examples
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื ื” 3 ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช,
02:02
and these are all done from research in my lab at Penn.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”.
02:05
The first one is all about that same problem that I was showing you:
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืœื›ื:
02:08
how can we capture how objects feel
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื™ื ืžื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื
02:10
and recreate those experiences?
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ื•ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
02:12
So the way we solve this problem
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•
02:14
is by creating a hand-held tool
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ื”ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื“
02:16
that has many different sensors inside.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
02:18
It has a force sensor, so we can tell how hard you're pushing;
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ื•ื—
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืง ืืชื ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื,
02:22
it has motion tracking, so we can tell exactly where you've moved it;
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื™ืงื•ื‘ ืชื ื•ืขื”
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœืืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื ืื•ืชื•,
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืจื™ื˜ื•ื˜,
02:25
and it has a vibration sensor, an accelerometer, inside,
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ืžื“-ืชืื•ืฆื”, ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•,
ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
02:28
that detects the shaking back and forth of the tool
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02:30
that lets you know that's a piece of canvas
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืกืช ื‘ื“ ืงื ื‘ืก
02:32
and not a piece of silk or something else.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ืคื™ืกืช ืžืฉื™ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
02:34
Then we take the data we record from these interactions.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืงืœื˜ื ื•
ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
02:37
Here's ten seconds of data.
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ืืœื” 10 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
02:38
You can see how the vibrations get larger and smaller,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืจื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
02:41
depending on how you move.
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ืœืคื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.
02:43
And we make a mathematical model of those relationships
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”
02:45
and program them into a tablet computer
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ื•ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœื•ื—,
02:48
so that when you take the stylus
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื˜
ื•ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืกืš,
02:50
and go and touch the screen,
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02:51
that voice-coil actuator in the white bracket
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ื”ืกืœื™ืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื”
02:54
plays vibrations to give you the illusion
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ืžืฉืžื™ืข ืจื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืืฉืœื™ื”
02:56
that you're touching the real surface,
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืชื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืืžื™ืชื™
02:58
just like if you touched, dragged back and forth, on the real canvas.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื ื’ืขืชื ื•ื”ื–ื–ืชื ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœืฉื,
ืขืœ ื”ืงื ื‘ืก ืขืฆืžื•.
03:01
We can create very compelling illusions.
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ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขื•ืช ืžืื“.
03:03
We can do this for all kinds of surfaces and it's really a lot of fun.
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ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื
ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ืฃ.
03:07
We call it haptography -- haptic photography.
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ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” "ื”ืคื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”",
ืื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ.
03:11
And I think it has potential benefits in all sorts of areas
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืชื•ืขืœืช
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช,
03:14
like online shopping, maybe interactive museum exhibits,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ,
03:16
where you're not supposed to touch the precious artifacts,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ื ื›ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ
ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื ื”ืจื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืš.
03:19
but you always want to.
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03:21
The second example I want to tell you about comes from a collaboration I have
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœื™ื”
ื‘ืื” ืžืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื™
03:24
with Dr. Margrit Maggio at the Penn Dental School.
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ืขื ื“"ืจ ืžืจื’ื™ื˜ ืžืื’'ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืคืŸ".
03:27
Part of her job is to teach dental students
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ื—ืœืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืœืœืžื“ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืจืคืื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
ืื™ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”
03:29
how to tell where in a patient's mouth there are cavities.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื—ื•ืจื™ื.
ื”ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ,
03:32
Of course they look at X-rays,
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03:33
but a large part of this clinical judgment comes from what they feel
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื”ื
ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
03:36
when they touch your teeth with a dental explorer.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืืงืกืคืœื•ืจืจ.
ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื. ื”ืจื•ืคื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
03:39
You've all had this happen, they go across.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืื ื”ืฉืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื”,
03:41
What they're feeling for is if the tooth is really hard, then it's healthy,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
03:44
but if it's kind of soft and sticky,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื ืงืฆืช ืจื›ื” ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื”,
03:46
that's a signal that the enamel is starting to decay.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืืžื™ื™ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื•ื•ืŸ.
03:49
These types of judgments are hard for a new dental student to make,
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ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ืงืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
03:52
because they haven't touched a lot of teeth yet.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื ื ื’ืข ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:54
And you want them to learn this before they start practicing
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืœืžื“ ืืช ื–ื”
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
03:57
on real human patients.
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03:58
So what we do is add an accelerometer on to the dental explorer,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื“-ืชืื•ืฆื”
ืœืืงืกืคืœื•ืจืจ
ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืžืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื“"ืจ ืžืื’'ื™ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื”
04:03
and then we record what Dr. Maggio feels
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžื—ื•ืœื™ื.
04:05
as she touches different extracted teeth.
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04:07
And we can play it back for you as a video
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ืื—"ื› ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื’ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ
04:10
with a touch track --
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ืขื ืขืจื•ืฅ ืžื’ืข.
04:11
not just a sound track, but also a touch track,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ืจืง ืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืžืข ืืœื ื’ื ืขืจื•ืฅ ืžื’ืข
04:13
that you can feel by holding that repeating tool.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื”ืฉืžืขื” ื”ื–ื”.
ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:16
You feel the same things the dentist felt when they did the recording,
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ืฉืจื•ืคืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืืช ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื”
04:19
and practice making judgments.
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ื•ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
ื”ื ื” ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืื—ืช.
04:21
So here's a sample one.
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04:22
Here's a tooth that looks kind of suspicious, right?
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ื”ื ื” ืฉืŸ ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ืงืฆืช ื—ืฉื•ื“ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:24
It has all those brown stains.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื›ืชืžื™ื ื—ื•ืžื™ื,
04:27
You might be thinking, "We should definitely put a filling in this tooth."
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ื•ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
"ื›ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืกืชื™ืžื”."
04:30
But if you pay attention to how it feels,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื, ื›ืฉืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ,
04:32
all the surfaces of this tooth are hard and healthy,
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ื›ืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืฉืŸ ื”ื–ื• ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื
04:35
so this patient does not need a filling.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืกืชื™ืžื”.
04:37
And these are exactly the kind of judgments doctors make every day
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกื•ื’ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช
ืฉืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื
04:40
and I think this technology we've invented has a lot of potential
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื”ืžืฆืื ื•
ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:43
for many different things in medical training, because it's really simple
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ
04:47
and it does a great job at recreating what people feel through tools.
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
04:51
I think it could also help make games more interactive and fun
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ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืคื™ื™ื,
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช.
04:54
and more realistic in the sensations that you feel.
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04:56
The last example I want to tell you about is again about human movement.
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœื™ื”
ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
05:00
So if any of you have ever learned sports,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืœืžื“ ืขื ืฃ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
05:02
how do you get good at something like surfing?
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื™ืฉื”,
05:04
You practice.
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ.
05:05
You practice some more and more, right?
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ืืชื ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
05:07
Making small corrections, maybe getting some input from a coach,
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ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
ืื•ืœื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืžืืžืŸ,
05:10
learning how to improve your motions.
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ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช.
05:12
I think we could use computers
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ื›ื™ืคื™.
05:14
to help make that process more efficient and more fun.
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05:16
And so here, for example, if I have six different arm movements
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ืื– ื”ื ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ,
ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืฉ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
05:19
that I want you to learn,
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ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืืชื›ื,
05:20
you come into my lab at Penn and try out our system.
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ืืชื ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘"ืคืŸ"
ื•ืชืชื ืกื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:24
We use a Kinect to measure your motions, we show graphics on the screen,
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘"ืงื™ื ืงื˜" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš,
05:27
and then we also give you touch cues,
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ื•ืื– ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ืจืžื–ื™ ื”ืžื’ืข ืฉืœื›ื,
05:29
haptic feedback on your arm,
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ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉื™, ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข
05:31
delivered by these haptic arm bands which have motors inside,
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ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ื”ืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื
05:34
and guide you as you move.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืืฆื›ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.
05:36
So, if we put it together,
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ืื– ืื ื ืฆืจืฃ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
05:37
as you're trying to track this motion,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”,
ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžืžื ื”,
05:40
if you deviate -- say, maybe, your arm is a little too high --
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ืœืžืฉืœ ืื ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื“ื™,
ืื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื
05:43
we turn on the motors right there on the skin
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05:45
to let you know you should move down,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื›ื: "ื”ืœื•, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื ื•ืข ืœืžื˜ื”",
ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืืžืŸ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืืชื›ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช
05:47
almost like a coach gently guiding you
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ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
05:49
and helping you master these movements more quickly
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ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:52
and make more precise corrections.
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05:53
We developed this system for use in stroke rehabilitation,
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืฉื‘ืฅ,
05:56
but I think there are a lot of applications,
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ืืš ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื,
ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื—ื•ืœ
05:59
like maybe dance training or all sorts of sports training as well.
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ื•ื’ื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืคื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
06:03
So now you know a little bit about the field of haptics,
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ืื– ื›ืขืช ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืคื˜ื™ืงื”,
ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืชืฉืžืขื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
06:06
which I think you'll hear more about in the coming years.
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06:08
I've shown you three examples.
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ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื 3 ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช,
ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข
06:10
I just want to take a moment
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ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื
06:11
to acknowledge the great students who work with me in my lab at Penn
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืฆื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘"ืคืŸ"
06:14
and my collaborators.
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ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช.
06:15
They're a great group.
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ื–ื• ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช.
ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื’ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืฉื”ื•ืืœืชื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
06:17
I also want to thank you for your kind attention.
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
06:20
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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