How farming planted seeds for the Internet - Patricia Russac

171,899 views ใƒป 2013-03-21

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
0
0
7000
ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
We talk about inventions and innovation
1
16537
2620
ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช
00:19
as though the best things out there
2
19157
1637
ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ
00:20
are the Internet, iPads, or smart phones.
3
20794
2726
ื”ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื”"ืื™ื™ืคื“" ืื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
00:23
Or perhaps more simply,
4
23520
1295
ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:24
trains, planes, and automobiles.
5
24815
2493
ื›ืžื• ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
00:27
Which one is most important,
6
27308
2819
ืžื” ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
00:30
the best, or the greatest?
7
30127
1681
ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ?
00:31
Which one has had the most impact on society?
8
31808
3311
ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”?
00:35
Today the debate would probably be
9
35119
1928
ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•
00:37
in favor of computer technology,
10
37047
2704
ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘,
00:39
but is it?
11
39751
1490
ื”ืืžื ื?
00:41
Well, some would say, "Nope, not really, it's farming."
12
41241
4356
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืืžืจื•, "ืœื ื•ืœื. ื–ื• ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช."
00:45
Where would we be if we didn't have it?
13
45597
3349
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”?
00:48
Give up?
14
48946
1236
ื ื›ื ืขื™ื?
00:50
We would still be hunting and gathering
15
50182
2359
ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ื ื•ืžืœืงื˜ื™ื
00:52
with little time to invent anything,
16
52541
2262
ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:54
let alone the Internet.
17
54803
2255
ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
00:57
That's right, farming is the seed of civilization.
18
57058
3519
ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
01:00
Not quite literally, but without early man's discovery
19
60577
3144
ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื ืชื’ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ
01:03
of using seeds to grow grain,
20
63721
2173
ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ืจืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืชื‘ื•ืื”,
01:05
we wouldn't have much of anything we have today.
21
65894
3345
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:09
Growing your own food changed everything.
22
69239
3205
ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
01:12
Sure, hunting and gathering worked just fine
23
72444
3459
ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื“ ื•ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื’ืžืจื™
01:15
for tens of thousands of years,
24
75903
2299
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
01:18
but you couldn't do much else -
25
78202
2173
ืื‘ืœ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”--
01:20
no time.
26
80375
1964
ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ืš.
01:22
But when hunters and gatherers started planting seeds,
27
82339
3029
ืืš ื›ืฉื”ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ื–ืจืขื™ื,
01:25
they began to farm.
28
85368
1881
ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
01:27
With farming came animals,
29
87249
1584
ืขื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง,
01:28
and with animals came settling down
30
88833
1926
ื•ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง - ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช
01:30
and staying in one location.
31
90759
2649
ื•ื”ื”ืฉืชืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“.
01:33
So, how does this have anything to do
32
93408
2294
ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ
01:35
with invention and innovation?
33
95702
2765
ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช?
01:38
Everything.
34
98467
1323
ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:39
Anyone who's ever farmed,
35
99790
1608
ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™-ืคืขื ืขืกืง ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช,
01:41
even if it's planting a half dozen tomato plants in your backyard,
36
101398
3586
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืจืง ื ื˜ืข 5 ืฉืชื™ืœื™ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช,
01:44
knows that you usually harvest way more
37
104984
2995
ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื™
01:47
than you could possibly eat,
38
107979
1820
ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ,
01:49
a surplus.
39
109799
1746
ืขื•ื“ืฃ.
01:51
Farming yielded plenty of food,
40
111545
2085
ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ื›ืœ,
01:53
with enough to store, trade, and eat.
41
113630
2586
ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืื™ื—ืกื•ืŸ, ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืื›ื™ืœื”.
01:56
In other words, not everyone needed to be farmers.
42
116216
3628
ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื.
01:59
Therefore, this allowed other people,
43
119844
2355
ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
02:02
non-farmers, to do other things
44
122199
2481
ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
02:04
such as make tools,
45
124680
1107
ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
02:05
craft pottery,
46
125787
1376
ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืงื“ืจื•ืช
02:07
and build homes.
47
127163
1551
ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื.
02:08
Farming and food surpluses led to the division of labor.
48
128714
5202
ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:13
This is still thousands of years ago,
49
133916
2357
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
02:16
so life wasn't easy.
50
136273
1773
ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงืœื™ื.
02:18
But with so many people contributing to the community,
51
138046
3673
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืชืจื‘ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”,
02:21
small villages began to develop.
52
141719
2629
ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืคืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
02:24
As the population of villages expanded,
53
144348
2612
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื’ื“ืœื”,
02:26
so did the needs of the people.
54
146960
2271
ื’ื“ืœื• ื’ื ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:29
Things got complicated.
55
149231
2236
ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
02:31
But, civilization is just that - advanced, complex societies.
56
151467
5966
ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช: ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
02:37
And without farming, they would not exist.
57
157433
3554
ื•ืœืœื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
02:40
Villages increased in size,
58
160987
1925
ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื’ื“ืœื•,
02:42
eventually becoming the first cities.
59
162912
3076
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
02:45
Cities are just one of the basic features of a civilization,
60
165988
4626
ืขืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช,
02:50
the others include central government,
61
170614
2774
ืœืฆื“ ืžืžืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
02:53
system of writing,
62
173388
1498
ื”ื›ืชื‘,
02:54
organized religion,
63
174886
1554
ื“ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช,
02:56
art and architecture,
64
176440
1533
ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช,
02:57
urban planning of roads, bridges, and public works,
65
177973
4306
ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
03:02
social classes,
66
182279
1692
ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
03:03
and different jobs.
67
183971
1746
ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
03:05
Developing expertise in various types of occupations
68
185717
3587
ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืœื—ื™-ื™ื“
03:09
allowed for innovative ways of doing things,
69
189304
3498
ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
03:12
producing new products,
70
192802
1448
ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
03:14
or making advancements in technology.
71
194250
3153
ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
03:17
As civilizations became more complex,
72
197403
2886
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืขืฉื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:20
new ways of doing things were needed.
73
200289
2572
ื ื•ืฆืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:22
Some were out of necessity.
74
202861
2637
ื—ืœืงืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ืจื—.
03:25
Others because people had ideas.
75
205498
3504
ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช - ื›ื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
03:29
The sharing of ideas and technology
76
209002
2422
ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
03:31
led to the growth of things we readily use today,
77
211424
3073
ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื›ื” ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ,
03:34
like the Internet.
78
214497
1641
ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
03:36
So without farming, we'd still be hunting and gathering.
79
216138
3749
ืื– ืœืœื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ื ื•ืžืœืงื˜ื™ื.
03:39
No video,
80
219887
968
ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
03:40
no computers,
81
220855
1235
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
03:42
and certainly no world wide web.
82
222090
3365
ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7