How to speed up chemical reactions (and get a date) - Aaron Sams

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Senzos Osijek

Meet our chemist, Harriet.

Upoznajte našu kemičarku, Harriet.

She has a chemical reaction that needs to occur more quickly.

Ona ima kemijsku reakciju koju treba ubrzati.

A chemist has some processes at her disposal

Kemičarka ima neke procese na raspolaganju

that can help her speed up her reaction,

koji mogu pomoći da se ubrza reakcija

and she knows of five ways.

i zna pet načina.

And to remember them,

I da bi ih upamtila,

she thinks back to her days as a high school student,

ona razmišlja o svojim danima iz srednje škole,

and the day she got a date for the dance.

i danu kada je našla spoj za ples.

Harriet was in high school, studying between classes.

Harriet je bila u srednjoj školi, učila između satova.

She had lost track of time and was going to be late to class.

Izgubila je pojam o vremenu i zakasnit će na sat.

Unbeknownst to her,

Ono što nije znala je

Harold, who was just around the corner, was running late, too.

da Harold, koji je bio iza ugla, također kasni.

They both sprinted to class

Oboje su trčali na sat

and, as it happened, sprinted directly into one another.

i zaletjeli se jedno u drugo.

Now, this was no small collision.

Sad, ovo nije bio mali sudar.

They ran squarely into one another in such a way

Zabili su se direktno jedno u drugo

that he knocked the books right out of her hand.

tako da joj je on izbio knjige iz njenih ruku.

"I'm sorry," he said. "Let me help you with your books."

"Žao mi je," rekao je. "Dozvoli da ti pomognem s knjigama."

He kindly helped her re-collect her belongings,

Pomogao joj je skupiti stvari,

and politely offered to walk her to class.

i ljubazno ponudio da je otprati na sat.

And you'll never guess who went together to the dance later that year.

Nećete vjerovati tko je išao zajedno na ples te godine.

Yup, those two.

Da, njih dvoje.

So as we can see from this example,

Kao što možemo vidjeti,

the key to getting a date for the dance is to collide with someone

ključ za naći spoj je sudariti se s nekim

and knock the books out of their hands.

i izbiti joj knjige iz ruku.

Now, you're probably already aware

Sad, već ste vjerojatno svjesni

that not all collisions lead to dates for the dance,

da svi sudari ne vode do spojeva i plesova,

thankfully.

na sreću.

The collisions must have two important characteristics:

Sudari moraju imati dvije važne karakteristike:

One, correct orientation that allows books to be knocked from one's hands;

Biti ispravne orijentacije koja dozvoljava da se knjige izbiju iz ruke;

and two, enough energy to knock the books out.

i druga, dovoljno energije da izbije knjige iz ruku.

Shortly after this incident,

Nedugo nakon incidenta,

Harriet decided to tell me, her chemistry teacher, all about it.

Harriet mi je odlučila reći, svom profesur kemije, sve o tome.

I noticed some interesting parallels

Primjetio sam zanimljive paralele

between her story and chemical reaction rates,

između njene priče i brzinama kemijskih reakcija,

which happened to be what she was studying in the hallway

o kojima je učila toga dana

the day of the collision.

na dan sudara.

Together, we decided to set out on two missions.

Odlučili smo zajedno poći na dvije misije.

Harriet wanted to help all chemistry students and chemists

Harriet je htjela pomoći svim učenicima kemije i kemičarima

remember how to speed up the rate of chemical reactions

da upamte kako ubrzati kemijske reakcije

and I, being the nice guy that I am,

a ja, dobar tip kakav jesam,

decided to make it my mission to help create educational environments

odlučio sam da moja misija postane stvaranje kreativnih okruženja za učenje

in which more book-dropping collisions can take place

u kojima se može dogoditi više ispadanja knjiga

to increase future chemists' chances of getting a date for the dance.

kako bi povećali šanse budućih kemičara da idu na ples.

In order to facilitate this improved dance-date-getting process,

Kako bih ubrzao ovaj proces nalaženja spojeva za ples,

I propose five changes to all schools

predlažem pet promjena za sve škole

that parallel Harriet's five ways to increase chemical reaction rates.

koje su paralelne s Harrietinih pet načina za ubrzavanje kemijskih reakcija.

First, I propose that we shrink the size of the hallways.

Prvo, predlažem da smanjimo hodnike.

This will make it more difficult to safely navigate the hallways

Tako će biti teže sigurno kretati se hodnicima

and will cause more collisions than in larger hallways.

i bit će više sudaranja nego u većim hodnicima.

And by increasing the number of collisions,

A povećanjem broja sudaranja

we increase the likelihood

povećavamo vjerojatnost

that some of those collisions will have the correct alignment

da će neki od tih sudara imati pravilnu orijentaciju

and enough energy to create a date to the dance.

i dovoljno energije da stvore spoj za ples.

Now, chemically speaking,

Sad, kemijski govoreći,

this is equivalent to lowering the volume of a reaction vessel

ovo je ekvivalent smanjenja volmena u nositelju reakcije

or a reaction mixture.

ili reakcijskoj mješavini.

In doing so, the individual particles are closer together,

Kada to činimo, individualne čestice bliže su jedna drugoj

and more collisions will occur.

i više sudara će se dogoditi.

More collisions means a greater likelihood

Više sudara znači više izgleda

that collisions with the appropriate energy and configuration will happen.

da će se sudari potrebne energije i konfiguracije dogoditi.

Second, I propose increasing the overall population of the school.

Drugo, predlažem povećanje broja učenika.

More students equals more collisions.

Više studenata, više sudara.

By increasing the number of particles available for collision,

Povećanjem broja čestica,

we create an environment where more collisions can take place.

stvaramo okoliš gdje se više sudara može dogoditi.

Third, we must reduce the time allowed between classes --

Treće, moramo smanjiti vrijeme između satova --

heck, let's just cut it in half.

presjecimo ih na pola.

In doing so, students will need to move more quickly

Tako, učenici će morati ići dva puta brže

to get from one class to the next.

da bi došli na sljedeći sat.

This increase in velocity will help make sure

Ovo povećanje brzine osigurat će

collisions have the appropriate amount of energy necessary

da sudari imaju prikladnu količinu energije potrebnu

to ensure book-dropping.

za ispadanje knjiga.

This is analogous to increasing the temperature of the reaction mixture.

Ovo je usporedivo sa povećanjem temperature reakcijske mješavine.

Higher temperature means particles are moving faster.

Viša temperatura znači da se čestice kreću brže.

Faster-moving particles means more energy,

Brže čestice znače više energije,

and a greater likelihood of the reaction-causing collision.

i veću izglednost za sudar koji će izazvati reakciju.

Fourth, students must stop traveling in packs.

Četvrto, učenici moraju prestati kretati se u grupama.

By traveling in packs, the students on the outside of the pack

Kada se kreću u grupama, učenici u vanjskom dijelu grupe

insulate those in the middle from undergoing any collisions.

štite one u sredini od sudara.

By splitting up, each student has more area exposed

Dijeljenjem, svaki učenik ima više područja izloženih

that is available for a collision from a passing student.

koja su slobodna za sudar sa učenicima u prolazu.

When particles travel in packs, the surface area is very small,

Kada čestice putuju u grupama, površina je vrlo mala,

and only the outside particles can collide.

i sudari nastaju samo na vanjskom dijelu.

However, by breaking up the clumps into individual particles,

Ali, razbijanjem nakupina u individualne čestice,

the total surface area is increased,

potpuna površina je povećana,

and each particle has an exposed surface that can react.

i svaka čestica ima izloženu površinu koja može reagirati.

Fifth and finally, we hire a matchmaker.

Peto i posljednje, unajmimo nekog tko će raditi parove.

Is this colliding and book-dropping too violent?

Da li je sudaranje i ispadanje knjiga prenasilno?

Is there an easier way to get a date that requires less initial energy?

Postoji li lakši naćin za pronaći spoj koji traži manje energije?

Then a matchmaker will help with this.

Onda će nam osoba koja radi parove pomoći.

The matchmaker makes it easier for a couple to get together,

On će pomoći lakše pronaći parove

by coordinating the match.

koordinirajući uparivanje.

Our matchmaker is like a catalyst.

Naš pronalazač parova je katalizator.

Chemical catalysts function by lowering the activation energy --

Kemijski katalizatori smanjuju aktivacijsku energiju --

in other words, by lowering the energy required to start a reaction.

smanjuju energiju koja je potrebna da se pokrene reakcija.

They do this by bringing two particles together

Čine to tako da uzmu dvije čestice

and orienting them correctly in space so that the two can meet

i orijentiraju ih ispravno kako bi se mogle sastati

at the correct configuration and allow a reaction to take place.

i konfiguriraju ih tako da se reakcija može dogoditi.

So, to sum up: if a future chemist wants a date for the dance,

Dakle: ako budući kemičar želi spoj za ples,

he must collide with another person

mora se sudariti s drugom osobom

and knock the books out of their hands.

i izbiti joj knjige iz ruku.

And if a chemist wants to make a chemical reaction occur,

A ako kemičar želi da se dogodi kemijska reakcija,

the particles must collide in the correct orientation

čestice se moraju sudariti ispravno orijentirane

with an appropriate amount of energy.

sa dovoljnom količinom energije.

And both of these processes can be accelerated,

I oba procesa se mogu ubrzati

using the five methods I've described.

koristeći pet metoda koje sam opisao.