The myth of Gawain and the Green Knight - Dan Kwartler

1,394,839 views ・ 2022-02-03

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:06
It was Christmas time in Camelot and King Arthur was throwing a party.
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The entire court was invited— save the wicked sorceress Morgan le Fay—
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and food and drink flowed freely.
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But in the midst of the revelry, the castle doors split open.
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A towering knight riding an emerald steed burst into the room,
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stunning the court into silence.
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Then, in a deep bellowing voice, he proposed a game.
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The Green Knight declared he would allow
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the bravest warrior present to attack him with his own axe.
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If they could strike him down, they would win his powerful weapon.
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However, the knight would be allowed to return that blow
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in one year and one day.
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Arthur and his knights were baffled.
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No man could survive such a strike.
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The Green Knight began to mock their leader’s hesitance,
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and Arthur stood to defend his honor.
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But as soon as he gripped the axe, another leapt to take his place.
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Arthur’s nephew, Sir Gawain, took the weapon instead.
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And with one swift strike, he beheaded the grinning knight.
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But the moment his skull met the ground, it began to laugh.
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The Green Knight collected his head and mounted his horse.
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As he rode off, his severed head reminded Gawain of their contract
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and told him to seek the Green Chapel one year hence.
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In the months that followed, Gawain tried to forget this bizarre vision.
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But despite the strangeness of the knight’s game,
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he was determined to act honorably.
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When the following winter approached, he set out—
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enduring foul weather and beastly encounters
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in his quest to find the mysterious Green Chapel.
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Finally, on Christmas Eve, he saw a shimmering castle on the horizon.
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The castle’s lord and lady were thrilled to help such an honorable guest,
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and informed him that the Green Chapel was only a short ride away.
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They implored Gawain to rest at their home until his meeting with the Green Knight.
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Thrilled at this news, Gawain happily accepted their offer.
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However, in exchange for their hospitality,
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the lord made a strange request.
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Over the next three days, he would go hunting and share his spoils every night.
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In return, Gawain must give him whatever he’d gained during his day at the castle.
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At first, Gawain was perplexed by these strange terms.
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But the lord’s meaning became quite clear the next day,
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when his wife tried to seduce Gawain.
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To rebuff the lady’s advances without offending her honor,
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Gawain allowed one kiss—
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which he then passed on to her husband in exchange for a slain dear.
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The next day, Gawain allowed two kisses, which he gave to the lord for a dead boar.
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But on the third day, the lady offered more than just three kisses.
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She presented a magical sash that would protect Gawain
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from the Green Knight’s blade.
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Gawain accepted immediately, but that evening, when the lord returned,
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the knight offered only three kisses with no mention of his enchanted gift.
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The next morning, Gawain rode out to the Green Chapel—
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a simple mound of earth
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where the Green Knight ominously sharpened an axe.
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With the sash’s protection, Gawain approached stoically—
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determined to honor his agreement.
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He bowed his head for the deadly blow, and with a massive swing,
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the Green Knight cut Gawain’s neck—
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inflicting nothing more than a flesh wound.
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Once more, Gawain was bewildered.
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Why hadn’t the sash protected him?
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And why hadn’t the knight killed him?
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Bursting into laughter, the Green Knight revealed himself to be the castle’s lord,
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and he’d been working with Morgan Le Fay
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to test the honor and bravery of Arthur’s knights.
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He was impressed with Gawain’s behavior,
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and he’d planned to spare his neck entirely—
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until Gawain concealed the sash.
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Filled with shame, Gawain returned to Camelot.
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But to his surprise, his companions absolved him of blame
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and celebrated his valor.
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Struggling to understand this strange journey,
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it seemed to Gawain that perhaps the whole world was playing a game—
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with rules more wild and bewildering than any man could understand.
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