Why people of different faiths are painting their houses of worship yellow | Nabila Alibhai

97,362 views ・ 2017-10-13

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Adrienne Lin
00:12
We live in a time of fear,
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我們身在一個恐懼的時代,
00:15
and our response to fear can either be to contract
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而我們對恐懼的反應, 可能是縮起來,
00:19
and attempt to guard ourselves
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並試圖去保衛我們自己,
00:21
or to extend ourselves, hold on to each other,
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或是展開我們自己,彼此一起堅守,
00:24
and face our fears together.
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共同面對我們的恐懼。
00:27
What is your instinct?
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你的直覺是什麼?
00:30
What do you see more of in the world?
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看世界時你比較會看到什麼?
00:34
The problem with the first approach
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第一種方式的問題是,
00:36
is that in our mounting isolation,
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我們與他人日漸疏離時,
00:38
we divide ourselves from others.
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將自己與他人分隔開來。
00:41
Our sense of isolation grows,
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我們的孤立感會增加,
00:43
because our imagination goes into overdrive
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因為我們的想像力被過度使用,
00:45
about the people and the spaces that we no longer engage with.
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用到我們不再有交集的人與空間上。
00:49
Our sense of otherness grows, and we lose empathy.
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我們的相異感會增加, 我們會失去同理心。
00:54
Today I'm going to tell you about a group of people
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今天我來跟各位談的,是一群人,
00:56
that took the global challenge of terrorism
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他們接受了恐怖主義的全球挑戰,
00:58
and began creating spaces where strangers connect in solidarity.
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開始創造一些空間,讓陌生人 能互相連結而團結在一起。
01:04
My own obsession with what I see as irrational divisions began as a child.
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我從小就迷上了 我眼中的非理性分裂。
01:09
As a fourth-generation Kenyan Muslim of Indian origin,
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我有著印度血統, 是肯亞穆斯林的第四代,
01:13
it bothered me that in four generations,
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讓我煩惱的是,在這四個世代,
01:15
there wasn't a single marriage in my family
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我家庭中的每一段婚姻,
01:17
outside of my small religious community.
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都侷限在我的小小宗教社區內。
01:20
And I wondered what that was about.
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我很好奇那是怎麼回事。
01:23
Was it fear?
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是因為恐懼嗎?
01:25
Was it racism?
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是因為種族主義嗎?
01:28
Was it cultural preservation?
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是為了文化保存嗎?
01:30
Did it have something to do with colonialism?
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和殖民主義有關嗎?
01:34
Certainly, we didn't share a lot of the same public spaces with others.
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顯然,我們並沒有和其他人 共用許多公共空間。
01:39
These divisions bothered me deeply, and they drove my career choices.
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這些分裂深深困擾著我, 影響了我對職涯的選擇。
01:44
When I was 20, the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were bombed.
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我二十歲時,在肯亞與坦尚尼亞的 美國大使館遭到炸彈攻擊。
01:50
A year later, I was on my way to the Middle East
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一年後,我前往中東,
01:53
to study conflict resolution.
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去研究衝突排解。
01:55
And then from that point on,
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從那個時點開始,
01:57
it wasn't very hard for me to find insecure environments to work in,
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對我來說,要找到 不安全的工作環境並不難,
02:00
because the world was quickly shifting
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因為世界很快就轉變進入了
02:02
in what we now know as the time of terrorism.
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我們現在所謂的恐怖主義時代。
02:05
I was in Washington, DC when 9/11 happened,
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當九一一事件發生時, 我人在華盛頓特區,
02:09
and then I moved back home to Kenya to work with refugees
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接著我搬回肯亞的家,去協助難民,
02:12
and then later worked in Pakistan
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之後又到巴基斯坦去工作,
02:14
and in Afghanistan.
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再到阿富汗。
02:17
In all of these places, what I noticed
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在所有這些地方,我注意到,
02:20
was how important physical spaces are
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實體空間很重要,
02:23
to making us feel safe
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能讓我們感到安全、
02:25
and well
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安好、
02:26
and like we belong.
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好像有所歸屬。
02:29
In 2013, I came back home to Nairobi from Afghanistan.
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2013 年,我從阿富汗 回到位在奈洛比的家,
02:34
Al-Shabaab operatives had besieged Westgate shopping center,
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青年軍包圍了 Westgate 購物中心,
02:37
killing 67 people in a day of utter horror.
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在這極恐怖的一天內 就殺害了 67 人。
02:43
Soon after that,
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那之後沒多久,
02:45
I could see how Nairobi was beginning to change,
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我可以看見奈洛比如何開始改變,
02:48
and it was beginning to feel more like the fear and terror-weary
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開始厭倦了恐懼和恐怖,
02:53
and war-torn cities that I had worked in.
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就像那些我曾經工作過的 被戰爭蹂躪的城市那樣。
02:57
And Nairobi continues to grow in fear-driven ways.
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奈洛比持續成長, 朝向恐懼的方向成長。
03:01
We see more walls, more barriers,
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我們看到更多的牆、更多的路障、
03:03
more security.
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更多的保安。
03:05
And like other parts of the world,
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如同世界的其他地方,
03:07
we are experiencing an erosion of human connection.
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我們正在經歷人類連結的侵蝕。
03:12
Divisions along religious lines are deepening,
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因為宗教而產生的分裂正在加深,
03:15
and we're doubting more and more how much we have in common.
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我們越來越懷疑, 到底彼此間有多少共同點。
03:20
We are at a pivotal time
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我們處在關鍵時刻,
03:21
when we need to restore our confidence in humanity
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此時我們需要恢復對人性的信心,
03:25
and stand boldly and visibly together.
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勇敢地站出來團結在一起。
03:29
So in 2014, I brought together a group of people in Nairobi
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所以,2014 年, 我在奈洛比召集了一群人,
03:32
to figure out what to do:
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思考該怎麼做:
03:34
public intellectuals, diplomats, artists, development workers.
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團隊成員有公共知識份子、 外交官、藝術家、發展工作者。
03:40
And the group articulated our challenge as threefold:
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這個團體明確表達出, 我們的挑戰有三部份:
03:44
one, to reclaim the city from the narrative of terrorism
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第一,將城市從恐怖主義手中奪回,
03:48
and back into the hands of the people that live there;
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交還到當地住民的手中。
03:52
two, introduce a language beyond race, tribe or religion
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第二,引介一種跨越種族、 部落或宗教的語言,
03:56
that would help us transcend our differences;
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來協助我們超越歧異;
03:59
and three, provide a gesture that would help restore empathy
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第三,提出一種表示, 來協助恢復共鳴、
04:04
and conversation and trust.
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交流,以及信任。
04:08
One of the people in this group was an artist and architect,
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我們團隊中有人是藝術家兼建築師,
04:11
Yazmany Arboleda.
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他叫亞茲曼尼阿伯利達。
04:13
He and I have collaborated in other parts of the world
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他與我在世界各地
04:16
over many years.
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合作了許多年。
04:18
He has a history
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他的過去事蹟是
04:19
of disrupting urban environments
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擾亂城市環境,
04:22
and making strangers connect
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讓陌生人能以一種 不可思議的美好方式連結。
04:24
in incredible, beautiful and spectacular ways.
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04:28
He had an idea.
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他有一個點子。
04:30
The idea was to unite people of different faiths
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這個點子是將 不同信仰的人團結起來,
04:33
by getting them to paint each other's houses of worship,
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做法是為他們彼此的宗教場所上色,
04:36
mosques, temples, synagogues, churches,
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包括清真寺、廟宇、 猶太教堂、教堂,
04:40
paint them yellow
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以愛之名,
04:42
in the name of love.
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將它們塗上黃色。
04:45
By focusing on icons of faith,
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透過把焦點放在信仰的象徵上,
04:49
we would get people to reexamine the true essence of their faith,
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我們能夠讓人們重新檢視 他們信仰的真實本質,
04:53
the common belief that we share in kindness, generosity and friendship.
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也就是我們對於仁慈、 寬宏、友情的共同信念。
04:58
By creating pathways between houses of worship
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我們在一個鄰坊內的宗教場所之間
05:01
within one neighborhood,
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建立連結路徑,
05:03
we would create islands of stability
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藉此創造出了穩定的島嶼
05:05
and networks of people
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以及人的網路,
05:06
that could withstand threats.
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且它們都能夠承受威脅。
05:09
And neighbors, by picking up a paintbrush with other neighbors,
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而各個鄰居一同拿起刷子,
05:14
would engage not just with their heads
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他們不只是用到頭腦,
05:16
but with their hands and with their hearts.
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還會運用雙手及他們的心。
05:20
And the painted buildings would become sculptures in the landscape
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被上色的建築就會成為 地景的雕塑作品,
05:23
that speak of people from very different backgrounds
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訴說著來自非常不同背景的人們,
05:25
that stand together.
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站在一起的故事。
05:29
We'd call the project "Colour in Faith."
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我們稱這專案為「信仰的顏色」。
05:32
We loved the idea and we immediately began approaching houses of worship:
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我們很喜歡這個點子, 馬上開始去和宗教場所接洽:
05:36
churches, temples, mosques, synagogues.
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教堂、寺廟、清真寺、猶太教堂。
05:39
Door to door, we went to more than 60 rabbis,
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我們挨家挨戶拜訪了至少六十位拉比、
05:41
imams, pastors and priests.
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伊瑪目、牧師、神父。
05:44
As you can imagine,
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你們應該可以想像,
05:46
bringing these communities together
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恐懼遍及全球,加深了偏見,
05:48
when prejudices are reinforced by a global pandemic of fear
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在這樣的情況下,要讓這些社區團結,
05:51
is not easy.
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一點也不容易。
05:52
It was complicated.
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它很複雜。
05:55
We were confronted with the hierarchy of decision-making
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我們要面對宗教機構內部的決策階層。
05:58
within religious establishments.
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06:00
For example, with Catholic churches,
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以天主教教堂為例,
06:02
we were told that the archbishop would have to make the decision.
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我們被告知,只有大主教 才能做這個決策。
06:06
And so we wrote a letter to the archbishop.
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所以我們寫信給大主教。
06:08
We wrote a letter to the Vatican.
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我們寫信到梵蒂岡。
06:10
We're still waiting to hear back.
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我們還在等回信。
06:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:14
And with other houses of worship,
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至於其他的宗教場所,
06:16
we were told that the patrons, the people that pay for the building
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我們被告知做決策的人是出資人,
06:19
and the construction and the painting of the buildings
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也就是付錢建造及油漆建築的人。
06:21
would have to make a decision.
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06:24
And then we came head-to-head
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接著,我們要正面對抗
06:26
with the long legacy of missionary and donor dependence
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長久流傳下來對於 傳教士和捐贈者的依賴,
06:29
that so impedes unconditional civic action,
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這種依賴阻礙了無條件的公民行動,
06:32
and we learned this the hard way.
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我們吃足苦頭才學到這點。
06:34
There was one community
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有一個社區,
06:35
that in our repeated conversations would keep asking us
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在我們不斷重覆的對談中, 會一直要求我們
06:39
to appreciate them.
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要感激他們。
06:41
And so we would keep going back
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所以我們就不斷回去
06:43
and telling them that we appreciate them,
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告訴他們,我們很感激他們,
06:45
and of course,
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當然,
06:47
if we didn't appreciate them, we wouldn't be here.
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若我們不感激他們, 我們就不會在這裡了。
06:52
And then we learned painfully late in the game
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在這場遊戲中,我們 很晚才很痛苦地學到,
06:55
that the word "appreciation" is code for getting paid to participate.
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「感激」這個詞其實是代號, 意思是要付錢才能參與。
07:01
And so we challenged them
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所以,我們就去挑戰他們,
07:04
and we asked the question,
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我們問了一個問題:
07:06
"So what will it cost?
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「要多少錢?
07:08
How much could we pay you?
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我們要付你多少錢?
07:11
And if we pay for your faith, is it really faith?"
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若我們付錢買你的信仰, 那真的是信仰嗎?」
07:15
We started the project asking the question,
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我們在開始這個計畫時問了:
07:18
"Where does your faith live?"
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「你的信仰住在哪裡?」
07:20
And here we found ourselves asking the question,
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而我們後來卻在問這個問題:
07:22
"How much does your faith cost?"
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「你的信仰要多少錢?」
07:26
But the most difficult issue was the perceived risk of standing apart.
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但最困難的議題, 是感受到疏離的風險。
07:30
We had one synagogue that flat-out refused to participate
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我們遇到一間猶太教堂 直接了當拒絕參與,
07:34
because it feared drawing attention to itself
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因為他們害怕會吸引到注意,
07:36
and becoming a target.
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進而成為箭靶。
07:38
Similarly, we had a mosque that also feared becoming a target.
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同樣地,我們也遇到 一間清真寺也害怕成為箭靶。
07:43
And these fears are justified.
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這些恐懼是事出有因的。
07:47
And yet, there were 25 houses of worship that pledged to participate.
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但,仍然有 25 個 宗教場所許諾要參與。
07:53
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
07:58
These bold leaders took the gesture and reinforced it with their own meaning.
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這些勇敢的領導者接受了這個表示, 並用他們自己的意義來強化它。
08:03
For some, it was to tell the world that they're not terrorists.
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對某些人,意義是告訴世界 他們不是恐怖份子。
08:06
For others, it was to welcome people through their doors to ask questions.
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對其他人,意義是要歡迎人們 登堂來問問題。
08:11
And for some, it was to bridge the gap
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對某些人,意義是要破除
08:13
between the older and the younger generation,
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老一代與年輕一代的隔閡,
08:15
which by the way is something that many faiths are grappling with right now.
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順道一提,這也是許多信仰 正在努力解決的議題。
08:20
And for some it was simply to build neighborhood solidarity
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對某些人,意義僅是在 他們害怕的選舉暴力之前
08:23
in advance of feared election violence.
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先建立社區團結。
08:27
When asked why yellow,
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有人會問為何選黃色,
08:29
one imam beautifully said,
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一位伊瑪目給了完美的答案:
08:31
"Yellow is the color of the sun.
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「黃色是太陽的顏色。
08:34
The sun shines on us all equally.
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太陽平等地照耀在每個人身上。
08:36
It does not discriminate."
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陽光沒有歧視。」
08:39
He and others spread the word through their congregations
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他與其他人透過集會與廣播節目
08:42
and over the radio.
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把訊息傳出去。
08:43
Municipal government officials stepped forward and helped
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政府市政官員站出來協助,
08:45
with permits and with convening civil society organizations.
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處理許可事宜及召集公民社會組織。
08:50
A paint company donated a thousand liters of yellow paint
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一家油漆公司捐贈了 一千公升的黃油漆,
08:53
mixed especially for us in what they now call "optimistic yellow."
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專為我們調色,他們現在 稱這顏色為「樂觀黃」。
08:57
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:58
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
09:03
And a poetry collective joined forces with a university
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一個詩歌集團與大學聯手,
09:07
and hosted a series of tweet chats
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主持了一系列的推特聊天室活動,
09:09
that challenged the nation on issues of faith,
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對國家挑戰信仰的議題,
09:11
our faith not just in the context of religion,
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不只是我們在宗教情境下的信仰,
09:14
but our faith in politicians and tribe and nation,
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還有我們對政客、部落, 與國家的信仰,
09:18
our faith in the older generation and in the younger generation.
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我們對老一代和年輕一代的信仰。
09:23
And then Colour in Faith was launched at a gallery event
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接著,在一次畫廊活動時, 「信仰的顏色」計畫開始了,
09:27
that invited an incredible mix of gallerygoers
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該活動邀請了各類 常參觀藝術畫廊的人、
09:30
and religious leaders and artists and businesspeople.
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宗教領袖、藝術家、商業人士。
09:35
Already, even before picking up a paintbrush,
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甚至在拿起刷子之前,
09:38
we had accomplished so much of the conversation and connection
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我們在維護與連結方面 就已經成就了這麼多,
09:42
that we had hoped for.
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這是我們所希望的。
09:44
And then we began to paint.
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接著,我們開始上色。
09:49
Muslims stood by Christians
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穆斯林的旁邊站著基督徒、
09:51
and atheists and agnostics and Hindus
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無神論者、不可知論者、印度教徒,
09:55
and painted a mosque yellow.
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把清真寺漆成了黃色。
10:01
And then they all came together again and painted a church yellow,
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他們接著又聚在一起, 把一間教堂漆成黃色,
10:06
and then another mosque,
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接著是另一間清真寺,
10:09
and then another church.
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接著是另一間教堂。
10:11
Poets and musicians performed while we painted.
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我們在油漆時, 詩人與音樂家在一旁表演。
10:14
We painted in Nairobi,
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我們在奈洛比油漆,
10:17
and then we painted in Mombasa.
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我們也在蒙巴薩油漆。
10:20
The local and international press did features on Colour in Faith
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當地與國際媒體確實有 特別介紹「信仰的顏色」,
10:24
in English and French and Swahili
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介紹有英語、法語、斯瓦希里語、
10:27
and Spanish and Somali.
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西班牙語,以及索馬利語。
10:30
CNN highlighted Colour in Faith as a way of bringing communities together.
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CNN 為「信仰的顏色」做焦點報導, 強調它是讓社區結合的方式。
10:37
And our social media platforms lit up,
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我們的社交媒體平台紅起來,
10:40
connecting more and more people.
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連結了更多的人。
10:42
And these neighbors continued to stay in touch.
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這些鄰居仍然繼續聯絡。
10:46
There are some that are pursuing politics with a platform of peace,
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有些人追求的是 有著和平平台的政治,
10:50
and we have communities as far as Argentina and the US
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最遠到阿根廷和美國,
10:53
and as close as Mali and Rwanda
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最近到馬利共和國與盧安達的社區,
10:55
that are asking for our help.
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都來尋求我們協助,
10:57
And we would love to help.
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而我們很樂意協助。
10:59
It's our dream that this project, this idea, spreads across the world,
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我們的夢想是,這個計畫、 這個點子能散播到全世界,
11:03
with or without our support.
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不論有沒有我們的支援。
11:07
Colour in Faith is literally highlighting those who mean well in yellow.
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「信仰的顏色」用黃色 強調出那些心存善意的人。
11:12
Colour in Faith is binding neighborhoods together,
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「信仰的顏色」將鄰坊結合在一起,
11:15
and it's our hope that when threats come knocking,
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我們希望,當威脅來敲門時,
11:17
they will collectively sift fact from rumor
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他們會一起將事實與傳言區分開來,
11:20
and stand in solidarity.
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團結地站在一起。
11:23
We've proven that the human family can come together and send a message
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我們已證明了人類家庭可以 聚在一起並傳遞出訊息,
11:26
far brighter and more powerful
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這訊息遠比那些想傷害我們的聲音
11:29
than the voices of those that wish to do us harm.
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還要更明亮、更強大。
11:33
Though fear is infectious,
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雖然恐懼是會傳染的,
11:34
we are showing that so is hope.
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我們展現出,希望也會傳染。
11:38
Thank you.
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謝謝。
11:39
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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