Jamais Cascio: Tools for building a better world

譯者: Jeannie Cheng 審譯者: Shelley Krishna Tsang

The future that we will create can be a future that we'll be proud of.

我們所創造的未來可以成為我們自豪的未來

I think about this every day; it's quite literally my job.

我每天都在想 - 這基本上是我的工作

I'm co-founder and senior columnist at Worldchanging.com.

我是Worldchanging.com 的發起人之一,亦是它們的高級專欄作家

Alex Steffen and I founded Worldchanging in late 2003,

Alex Steffen 和我2003年末創立 Worldchanging

and since then we and our growing global team of contributors

自此以後,我們和來自不同國家的投稿人

have documented the ever-expanding variety of solutions

記錄了非常多元化的方案

that are out there, right now and on the near horizon.

不論是已存在的還是正在研製的

In a little over two years, we've written up about 4,000 items --

在短短的兩年間, 我們寫了大概四千件物品 --

replicable models, technological tools, emerging ideas --

複製模型,科學技術,新興的概念 --

all providing a path to a future

這種種都帶領著未來

that's more sustainable, more equitable and more desirable.

變成一個更持久,更公平,更理想的世界

Our emphasis on solutions is quite intentional.

我們對方案的重視是很刻意的

There are tons of places to go, online and off,

若然你想找出最新有關

if what you want to find is the latest bit of news

人們如何快速墜落的新聞時

about just how quickly our hell-bound handbasket is moving.

你有很多地方可以去,在線或離線

We want to offer people an idea of what they can do about it.

我們提供應對的方法

We focus primarily on the planet's environment,

我們主要集中在地球的環境上

but we also address issues of global development,

但我們亦關注國際發展,

international conflict, responsible use of emerging technologies,

國際衝突，有責任地使用新興科技,

even the rise of the so-called Second Superpower

甚至於所謂第二超級能源的興起

and much, much more.

以及更多更多

The scope of solutions that we discuss is actually pretty broad,

我們所討論的方案的範疇其實很廣

but that reflects both the range of challenges that need to be met

但可反映我們要面對挑戰的層面和

and the kinds of innovations that will allow us to do so.

有哪種新方法我們可以採用

A quick sampling really can barely scratch the surface,

一個快速的普查只能隔靴搔癢

but to give you a sense of what we cover:

但能給你們對我們所表達的事情一個概念

tools for rapid disaster relief,

一個快速減少災難的方法

such as this inflatable concrete shelter;

例如這個可充氣的混凝土避難所

innovative uses of bioscience,

很有創意地使用生物科學

such as a flower that changes color in the presence of landmines;

例如一朵會在有地雷的地方而變顏色的花朵

ultra high-efficiency designs for homes and offices;

為房屋和辦公室的超級高效能設計

distributed power generation using solar power, wind power,

利用太陽能，風力，海洋的能量

ocean power, other clean energy sources;

和其他綠色能源來產生電力

ultra, ultra high-efficiency vehicles of the future;

未來世界裡非常超級高效能汽車

ultra high-efficiency vehicles you can get right now;

你們現在能夠擁有的超級高效能汽車

and better urban design,

和更多更好的城市設計

so you don't need to drive as much in the first place;

那時你根本不需要駕車駕那麼遠

bio-mimetic approaches to design that take advantage of

仿生學吸取自然界高效能的模式

the efficiencies of natural models in both vehicles and buildings;

來設計汽車和建築

distributed computing projects

分布式的電子計算系統

that will help us model the future of the climate.

幫助我們模擬未來的天氣

Also, a number of the topics that we've been talking about this week

我們這星期裡在TED所討論過的話題

at TED are things that we've addressed in the past on Worldchanging:

都在以往曾在Worldchanging 裡提及過

cradle-to-cradle design, MIT's Fab Labs,

再循環設計，麻省理工的數字製造實驗室

the consequences of extreme longevity,

極限長壽的後果

the One Laptop per Child project, even Gapminder.

一學童一電腦的計劃，甚至還有Gapminder 的軟件

As a born-in-the-mid-1960s Gen X-er,

作為一個在六十年代中出生的X世代人類

hurtling all too quickly to my fortieth birthday,

很快踏入四十歲

I'm naturally inclined to pessimism. But working at Worldchanging

我是天生傾向悲觀的。但在Worldchanging裡工作

has convinced me, much to my own surprise,

出乎我意料地說服我

that successful responses to the world's problems

成功的回應世界的問題是

are nonetheless possible.

仍然可行的

Moreover, I've come to realize that focusing only on negative outcomes

而且，我發現到專注在負面的結果

can really blind you to the very possibility of success.

會讓你錯失很多成功的可能性

As Norwegian social scientist Evelin Lindner has observed,

正如挪威社會科學家 Evelin Lindner 的評論

"Pessimism is a luxury of good times ...

悲觀是好時代的奢侈品 --

In difficult times, pessimism is

在艱辛的時代，悲觀是

a self-fulfilling, self-inflicted death sentence."

自我滿足，自我給予的死刑

The truth is, we can build a better world,

事實上，我們可以創造更美好的世界

and we can do so right now.

而我們應坐言起行

We have the tools: we saw a hint of that a moment ago,

我們有很多點子: 我們剛剛也看了一些

and we're coming up with new ones all the time.

我們經常會發明新的點子

We have the knowledge,

我們擁有知識

and our understanding of the planet improves every day.

而我們對地球的理解與日俱增

Most importantly, we have the motive:

最重要的是，我們有動機

we have a world that needs fixing, and nobody's going to do it for us.

我們的地球需要調整。沒有人能代替我們調整這個世界

Many of the solutions that I and my colleagues seek out

有很多我和我的團隊每一天所尋找和想出的辦法

and write up every day have some important aspects in common:

都有著幾個共同而又重要的觀點

transparency, collaboration, a willingness to experiment,

就是:透明，合作，勇於試驗

and an appreciation of science -- or, more appropriately, science!

和欣賞科學 -- 或更正確是，科 ~ 學 ~

(Laughter)

(笑)

The majority of models, tools and ideas on Worldchanging

在Worldchanging裡大部份的模式，工具和創意

encompass combinations of these characteristics, so I want to give you

是包含著這些特點的。因此我想為你們介紹

a few concrete examples of how these principles combine

一些實在的例子來証明這些原則如何

in world-changing ways.

運用在改變世界的方法內

We can see world-changing values in the emergence of tools

我們在這些方法中可以看到改變世界的價值觀

to make the invisible visible -- that is,

就是把隱藏的呈現在眼前 -- 即是

to make apparent the conditions of the world around us

把我們周圍的情況顯示出來

that would otherwise be largely imperceptible.

否則別人會察覺不來

We know that people often change their behavior

我們知道人們會改變他們的行為

when they can see and understand the impact of their actions.

是當他們見到和明白到自己的行為所帶來的影響

As a small example, many of us have experienced

舉一個例子，我們很多都曾經歷過

the change in driving behavior that comes from having

通過一個精確的哩數顯示器的即時顯示

a real time display of mileage showing precisely

表現出駕駛習慣的改變

how one's driving habits affect the vehicle's efficiency.

如何影響汽車的性能

The last few years have all seen the rise of innovations

在過去幾年間我們見到新的創意如何用在

in how we measure and display aspects of the world

我們計算和顯示世界的種種

that can be too big, or too intangible, or too slippery to grasp easily.

這可以是很大的，或抽象的，或難以容易拿捏的

Simple technologies, like wall-mounted devices

簡單的科技，如展示家居的耗電量的

that display how much power your household is using,

掛牆裝置

and what kind of results you'll get if you turn off a few lights --

和我們關掉幾盞電燈的結果是如何

these can actually have a direct positive impact

這些都對我們的能源足跡有著

on your energy footprint.

直接和正面的效果

Community tools, like text messaging, that can tell you

交流工具，如短訊可以告訴你

when pollen counts are up or smog levels are rising

什麼時候花粉指數高或污染指數在上升

or a natural disaster is unfolding,

或自然災害正在來臨

can give you the information you need to act in a timely fashion.

這些資訊都讓你採取及時的反應

Data-rich displays like maps of campaign contributions,

豐富的數據能顯示例如接受政治捐獻的地圖

or maps of the disappearing polar ice caps,

或正在消失的北極冰川的地圖

allow us to better understand the context and the flow

這些讓我們更加明白事實的背景和

of processes that affect us all.

過程是如何地影響我們

We can see world-changing values in research projects

我們通過開放資訊和互動的方式

that seek to meet the world's medical needs

看到那些尋求滿足醫療需求的研究項目中

through open access to data and collaborative action.

想改變世界的價值觀

Now, some people emphasize the risks of knowledge-enabled dangers,

現在有些人強調著知識所帶來的危機的風險

but I'm convinced that the benefits of knowledge-enabled solutions

而我則確信知識能帶來解決方案的優勢

are far more important.

是更加重要的

For example, open-access journals, like the Public Library of Science,

例如,開放期刊，如科學公供圖書館

make cutting-edge scientific research free to all --

讓尖端的科學研究免費分享給

everyone in the world.

世界上所有的人

And actually, a growing number of science publishers

事實上，有更多的科學出版商

are adopting this model.

正採取這個模式

Last year, hundreds of volunteer biology and chemistry researchers

上一年，有過百來自地球各國的

around the world worked together

志願生物和化學研究員一同

to sequence the genome of the parasite responsible

為一些發展中國家的疾病

for some of the developing world's worst diseases:

來把寄生蟲的基因組排序

African sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.

例如非洲的昏睡病，黑熱病和查加斯病

That genome data can now be found

那些基因組的數據都能在

on open-access genetic data banks around the world,

全球開放的基因數據庫中找到

and it's an enormous boon to researchers

而這是一個對那些尋求治療方法的研究人員

trying to come up with treatments.

一個很大的益處

But my favorite example has to be the global response

而我最喜歡的一個例子是全球對

to the SARS epidemic in 2003, 2004, which relied on

2003,2004年所發生的SARS病毒所作出的反應

worldwide access to the full gene sequence of the SARS virus.

這都是有賴於全球把SARS病毒的基因排序公開

The U.S. National Research Council

美國國家研究協會

in its follow-up report on the outbreak specifically

在其後期檢討報告中特別指出

cited this open availability of the sequence as a key reason

這個公開的基因排序是這次能快速地找到

why the treatment for SARS could be developed so quickly.

SARS治療的一個最大的原因

And we can see world-changing values

而我們能在簡單的流動電話中

in something as humble as a cell phone.

看到世界改變的價值

I can probably count on my fingers the number of people in this room

我只要用我一雙手便輕易數出

who do not use a mobile phone --

在這間房中誰人不用流動電話

and where is Aubrey, because I know he doesn't?

Aubrey 在那裡，我知道他是其中之一

(Laughter)

(笑)

For many of us, cell phones have really become

我們大部份人都認為流動電話

almost an extension of ourselves,

已經幾乎變成我們的電話分機

and we're really now beginning to see the social changes

而我們開始注意到流動電話

that mobile phones can bring about.

所帶來的社會轉變

You may already know some of the big-picture aspects:

你或許已經知道其中的一些大觀點

globally, more camera phones were sold last year

全球在上一年的相機電話

than any other kind of camera,

比任何一種相機更好賣

and a growing number of people live lives mediated through the lens,

有更多的人生活依賴著

and over the network -- and sometimes enter history books.

鏡頭和網路裡 -- 甚至有時進入歷史書籍中

In the developing world, mobile phones have become economic drivers.

在發展中國家，流動電話是經濟的驅動者

A study last year showed a direct correlation

去年有一個研究顯示

between the growth of mobile phone use

在非洲的流動電話使用的增長

and subsequent GDP increases across Africa.

和其國民生產總值是有直接的關係

In Kenya, mobile phone minutes

在肯亞，流動電話的分鐘

have actually become an alternative currency.

已變成另一種流通的貨幣

The political aspects of mobile phones can't be ignored either,

而流動電話的政治角色亦不容忽視

from text message swarms in Korea helping to bring down a government,

從韓國因大量的文字短訊而令政府下台

to the Blairwatch Project in the UK,

到在英國的貝利亞計畫

keeping tabs on politicians who try to avoid the press.

令那些躲避傳媒的政治家無所遁形

(Laughter)

(笑)

And it's just going to get more wild.

而這只會越加瘋狂

Pervasive, always-on networks, high quality sound and video,

普遍的，永久連線，高清畫面和聲音

even devices made to be worn instead of carried in the pocket,

甚至乎那些穿在身上而不是攜帶在口袋裡的電子工具

will transform how we live on a scale that few really appreciate.

只會在我們不甚欣賞的方式改變我們的生活

It's no exaggeration to say that the mobile phone

如果說流動電話是世界

may be among the world's most important technologies.

一項最重要的科技也不為過態

And in this rapidly evolving context,

在這迅速發展的時代下

it's possible to imagine a world in which the mobile phone becomes

我們可以想像到這個世界流動電話已

something far more than a medium for social interaction.

遠超過一個社交互動的工具

I've long admired the Witness project,

我很久以前便很羨慕Witness 這個方案

and Peter Gabriel told us more details about it on Wednesday,

而在星期三Peter Gabriel 在他的感動人心的演講中

in his profoundly moving presentation.

告訴我有關這個方案的詳情

And I'm just incredibly happy to see the news

我真的是對Witness 將設立一個網路平台

that Witness is going to be opening up a Web portal

以供用家在網上

to enable users of digital cameras and camera phones

上載數碼相機和電話相機的影片

to send in their recordings over the Internet,

而非單靠手提錄象機

rather than just hand-carrying the videotape.

這個消息無比的高興

Not only does this add a new and potentially safer avenue

這不單只增加了一個新的又更安全的途徑

for documenting abuses,

來防止資訊的濫用

it opens up the program to the growing global digital generation.

亦可開放一個程式給予我們新增的全球電子的世代

Now, imagine a similar model for networking environmentalists.

現在，讓我們幻想一個網絡環保論者的模式

Imagine a Web portal collecting recordings and evidence

幻想一個網路平台在收集

of what's happening to the planet:

正在這個地球發生的錄象和證據

putting news and data at the fingertips of people of all kinds,

把這些新聞和數據放在一個所有人

from activists and researchers

從激進者和研究員

to businesspeople and political figures.

至商界和政界都能垂手可得的地方

It would highlight the changes that are underway,

把那些正在進行的改變突顯出來

but would more importantly give voice

更重要的是給

to the people who are willing to work

那些願意為新世界，美好世界而努力的人

to see a new world, a better world, come about.

發聲

It would give everyday citizens

這將會給平凡的人

a chance to play a role in the protection of the planet.

一個機會去扮演保護地球的角色

It would be, in essence, an "Earth Witness" project.

這就是"地球見證"這計劃的精髓

Now, just to be clear, in this talk I'm using the name "Earth Witness"

現在，讓我呈清，這個演講我用了"地球見證"作為

as part of the scenario, simply as a shorthand,

一個例子, 簡單地表達

for what this imaginary project could aspire to,

虛擬計劃是怎樣地被渴求

not to piggyback on the wonderful work of the Witness organization.

而不是扛負在Witness機構的精彩的工作上

It could just as easily be called, "Environmental Transparency Project,"

這可以只隨便地叫作 "環境透明計畫"

"Smart Mobs for Natural Security" --

或 "聰明民眾守護自然資源"

but Earth Witness is a lot easier to say.

但地球見證有更容易說明一切

Now, many of the people who participate in Earth Witness

現在有很多人參與地球見證的工作

would focus on ecological problems, human-caused or otherwise,

他們集中在生態的問題上，人為的或其他方面的

especially environmental crimes

尤其環境罪行

and significant sources of greenhouse gases and emissions.

和大量的溫室氣體和排放

That's understandable and important.

這是容易理解和重要的

We need better documentation of what's happening to the planet

我們需要更好的把地球正在發生的事情上存檔

if we're ever going to have a chance of repairing the damage.

以為我們將來有機會去修復這些損害

But the Earth Witness project wouldn't need to be limited to problems.

但地球見證不單局限於問題上

In the best Worldchanging tradition,

在Worldchanging 的傳統上

it might also serve as a showcase for good ideas, successful projects

這亦應成為好點子的示範

and efforts to make a difference that deserve much more visibility.

成功的計劃和為改變而付出的努力是值得加許的

Earth Witness would show us two worlds:

地球見證展示了兩個世界

the world we're leaving behind,

我們過往的世界

and the world we're building for generations to come.

和我們為下一代而建議的世界

And what makes this scenario particularly appealing to me is

而這個計劃吸引我的是

we could do it today.

我們可以在今天做到

The key components are already widely available.

最重要的構成要素而呈現在眼前

Camera phones, of course, would be fundamental to the project.

相機電話,當然是這個計劃的基本

And for a lot of us, they're as close as we have yet

而對於我們很多人來說，它是經常開著

to always-on, widely available information tools.

廣泛的接受資訊

We may not remember to bring our digital cameras with us

我們可能會忘記帶數碼相機

wherever we go, but very few of us forget our phones.

但我們很少忘記帶電話

You could even imagine a version of this scenario

你可能想像到一個

in which people actually build their own phones.

人們自己創造其電話的方案

Over the course of last year, open-source hardware hackers

在過去的幾年間，開放硬件資源的駭客

have come up with multiple models

提供了幾款不同的模式以供

for usable, Linux-based mobile phones,

Linux 模式的流動電話使用

and the Earth Phone could spin off from this kind of project.

而地球電話可成為這類計劃的副產品

At the other end of the network, there'd be

在網絡的另一端有一個伺服器

a server for people to send photos and messages to,

供人們傳送圖片和訊息

accessible over the Web, combining a photo-sharing service,

在互聯網中使用，把這些圖片分享的服務

social networking platforms and a collaborative filtering system.

和社交聯誼的平台和合作的過濾的系統結合

Now, you Web 2.0 folks in the audience know what I'm talking about,

現在，你們這些網絡2.0的各位都知道我在說什麼

but for those of you for whom that last sentence

但那些認為我剛才所說的

was in a crazy moon language, I mean simply this:

好像是外星話的人，我只是想說

the online part of the Earth Witness project

地球見證計劃的在線那部份

would be created by the users, working together and working openly.

會是由用戶所創造，公同製作和公共開放

That's enough right there to start to build a compelling chronicle

這已經足夠去開始建立一個令人矚目的敘述

of what's now happening to our planet, but we could do more.

有關地球正在發生的事情，但我們可以做更多

An Earth Witness site could also serve as a collection spot

在地球見證的網頁可以成為一個結集的地方

for all sorts of data about conditions around the planet

把有關地球的所有狀況的數據

picked up by environmental sensors that attach to your cell phone.

經過環保的感應器挑選然後連到流動電話中

Now, you don't see these devices as add-ons for phones yet,

現在我們還未見到電話有這些附加程式

but students and engineers around the world

但世界各地的學生們和工程師

have attached atmospheric sensors to bicycles and handheld computers

已把這些大氣中的感應器連在單車，手提電腦

and cheap robots and the backs of pigeons --

廉價的機械人和白鴿的背上

that being a project that's actually underway right now at U.C. Irvine,

而這個計劃其實正在加州大學歐文分校展開

using bird-mounted sensors

利用架在雀鳥身上的感應器

as a way of measuring smog-forming pollution.

去量度形成煙霧的污染物

It's hardly a stretch to imagine putting the same thing

這不難想像相同的物件

on a phone carried by a person.

放在人們隨身攜帶的電話裡

Now, the idea of connecting a sensor to your phone is not new:

在電話接駁感應器並不新鮮

phone-makers around the world offer phones that sniff for bad breath,

電話製造商提供一個能測口氣的電話

or tell you to worry about too much sun exposure.

或告訴你不要過份接觸陽光

Swedish firm Uppsala Biomedical, more seriously, makes

瑞士 Uppsala Biomedical 公司製造了一個

a mobile phone add-on that can process blood tests in the field,

在流動電話來進行血液測試的附加程式

uploading the data, displaying the results.

把資料上載和顯示結果

Even the Lawrence Livermore National Labs have gotten into the act,

甚至乎 Lawrence Livermore National Labs 參與計劃

designing a prototype phone

設計了一個電話的初型

that has radiation sensors to find dirty bombs.

用輻射感應器來找出炸彈

Now, there's an enormous variety of tiny, inexpensive sensors

市場上有很多不同的細小廉價的感應器

on the market, and you can easily imagine someone putting together

你很容易想像有一些人把它加在電話上

a phone that could measure temperature, CO2 or methane levels,

來量度氣溫,二氧化碳或甲烷的水平

the presence of some biotoxins --

來檢測生化污染的存在

potentially, in a few years, maybe even H5N1 avian flu virus.

有機會在幾年間可能能測試H5N1禽流感的病毒

You could see that some kind of system like this

你可以見到類似的系統

would actually be a really good fit

其實與Larry Brilliant 的 InSTEDD 計劃

with Larry Brilliant's InSTEDD project.

很一致

Now, all of this data could be tagged with geographic information

所有的數據可附加在地理的資訊上

and mashed up with online maps for easy viewing and analysis.

和混在網上地圖以供瀏覽和分析

And that's worth noting in particular.

最值得關注是

The impact of open-access online maps over the last year or two

開放式在線地圖在過去一兩年裡的

has been simply phenomenal.

影響是非常的驚人的

Developers around the world have come up with

在世界各地的發展家發明了

an amazing variety of ways to layer useful data on top of the maps,

很不可思異的方法來把有用的數據放在地圖上

from bus routes and crime statistics

從公車路線和罪案數字

to the global progress of avian flu.

以至全球蔓延的禽流感

Earth Witness would take this further, linking what you see

地球見證把它帶到另一層次，把你們可以見到的

with what thousands or millions of other people see around the world.

連到世界各地成千上萬的人那裡

It's kind of exciting to think about what might be accomplished

當你想像這些可能發生和可以實現

if something like this ever existed.

這將會是非常興奮的事情

We'd have a far better -- far better knowledge

我們有一個更好，比在衛星系統

of what's happening on our planet environmentally

和少量的政府的感應網絡

than could be gathered with satellites

更能清楚知道

and a handful of government sensor nets alone.

我們的地球在環境的範疇裡正在發生什麼

It would be a collaborative, bottom-up approach

這將會是一個合作，由下而上的方法

to environmental awareness and protection,

來加強環境覺悟和保護

able to respond to emerging concerns in a smart mobs kind of way --

從而使聰明的民眾回應這些新興的問題

and if you need greater sensor density, just have more people show up.

如何你想要更大的回響，你要更多人的加入

And most important,

最重要的是

you can't ignore how important mobile phones are to global youth.

我們不能忽視流動電話是如何地對全球的年輕人的重要性

This is a system that could put the next generation

這是一個系統我們用在下一代的身上

at the front lines of gathering environmental data.

在前線收集環保的數據

And as we work to figure out ways to mitigate

當我們為了想出方法來

the worst effects of climate disruption,

減輕氣候失調的壞影響時

every little bit of information matters.

每一個資訊都來得重要

A system like Earth Witness would be a tool for all of us

類似世界見證的系統將會是我們

to participate in the improvement of our knowledge and, ultimately,

用來參與改善我們的知識和

the improvement of the planet itself.

最終改善世界的工具

Now, as I suggested at the outset,

現在,好像我開端所建議

there are thousands upon thousands of good ideas out there,

在某處有著成千上萬的好點子

so why have I spent the bulk of my time

我為什麼花了我很多時間

telling you about something that doesn't exist?

告訴你一些不存在的事情

Because this is what tomorrow could look like:

因為這是我們的將來:

bottom-up, technology-enabled global collaboration

由下而上，利用科技驅使全國合作

to handle the biggest crisis our civilization has ever faced.

來應付我們文明的最大危機

We can save the planet, but we can't do it alone -- we need each other.

我們可以拯救這地球，但我們不能獨個兒進行 -- 我們需要彼此

Nobody's going to fix the world for us, but working together,

沒有人能幫我們傷理這個地球，只有共同合作

making use of technological innovations and human communities alike,

利用科技革新和人類的群組

we might just be able to fix it ourselves.

我們可能把它修理

We have at our fingertips a cornucopia of compelling models,

我們很容易便得到令人注目的模式

powerful tools, and innovative ideas

有效的工具和創新的點子

that can make a meaningful difference in our planet's future.

而這些都能有意義的改變地球的將來

We don't need to wait for a magic bullet to save us all;

我們不需要等待一個靈丹妙藥來拯救我們

we already have an arsenal of solutions just waiting to be used.

我們已經聚集一堆的方案等待我們使用

There's a staggering array of wonders out there,

在某處有大量驚人的好奇心

across diverse disciplines, all telling us the same thing:

在不同的範疇裡，告訴我們相同的東西

success can be ours if we're willing to try.

如果我們肯嘗試，成功就是我們的

And as we say at Worldchanging,

而我們說在Worldchanging裡

another world isn't just possible; another world is here.

另外的世界不只是可行，而且另外的世界就在這裡

We just need to open our eyes. Thank you very much.

你需要張開你的眼睛。謝謝各位