How I'm making bricks out of ashes and rubble in Gaza | Majd Mashharawi

53,020 views ・ 2019-04-02

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: JIAWEN ZHANG
00:13
Yes, it's dark.
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是的,很暗。
00:16
I'm wondering how long we can all stand it
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我想知道我們能堅持多久,
00:20
without picking up our phone and turning the flashlights on.
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而不拿起手機打開手電筒。
00:25
Seconds?
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幾秒鐘?
00:27
Minutes?
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幾分鐘?
00:29
A whole hour?
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整整一小時?
00:33
Don't worry, I'm not going to give you my whole speech in the dark.
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別擔心,我沒打算 在黑暗中演講完全程。
00:38
But it's something I'm used to.
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但這是我很習慣的。
00:41
For more than 10 years, I and two million people back home
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超過十年的時間,
我和家鄉的兩百萬人,
00:46
have been living in darkness,
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一直住在黑暗中,
00:49
locked between two borders
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被關在兩條邊界之間,
00:51
that are nearly impossible to leave, literally,
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幾乎是不可能離開,真的,
00:56
in an area that spans 25 miles long and about five miles wide.
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那個區域大約 二十五英里長,五英里寬。
01:03
I am Palestinian, and I am from Gaza.
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我是巴勒斯坦人,我來自加薩。
01:07
I grew up there and I still live there.
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我在那裡長大,我仍然住在那裡。
01:12
In Gaza, we have a whole lot of nothing.
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在加薩,我們幾乎什麼都沒有。
01:17
And I aim to create something from that nothing.
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而我的目標是要從無中生有。
01:21
When a community is cut off from the world,
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當一個社區與世界隔絕,
01:24
all that we need to do is ... what?
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我們需要做的是什麼?
01:26
To think outside the box.
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我們思考需要打破常規。
01:28
Way outside the box.
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大幅度的遠離常規。
01:32
That thinking led me to two projects
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那樣的思考讓我發起了兩項計畫,
01:37
to address two serious issues in my community.
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用來解決我社區中 兩個嚴重的問題。
01:41
The need for building materials and the need for electricity and energy.
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對建材的需求, 及對電力和能源的需求。
01:47
Two essential ingredients of life.
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這兩項是生活中不可或缺的要素。
01:51
Both are in lack of supply in Gaza.
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在加薩,兩者都很缺乏。
01:57
First, I'm not here ...
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首先,我來這裡……
02:01
just to talk about the occupation we have back home.
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不是談我們家鄉的就業狀況、
02:05
The siege, the wars, the bombs, the protests
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封鎖、戰爭、炸彈、抗議,
02:10
or the death toll.
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或死亡人數。
02:12
I am here because I wanted to show that we can live through it all.
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我來這裡,是因為我想要展示 我們可以撐過這一切。
02:18
I am here because I wanted to make a change.
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我來這裡,是因為我想要做改變。
02:21
I am here to tell you
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我來這裡告訴各位,
02:23
that I am a statistic that cannot be ignored.
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我是一個不能被忽略的統計數字。
02:29
In the 2014 war, thousands of houses were destroyed.
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在 2014 年的戰爭中, 數千棟房子被摧毀。
02:36
Those houses were made from sunbaked stones and blocks.
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那些房子是由日曬的 石頭和石塊做成的。
02:43
Those houses stood for decades and decades.
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那些房子屹立了數十年。
02:47
Those houses were for my family, friends, neighbors,
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那些房子中住的人 是我的家人、朋友、鄰居,
02:51
everyone I know.
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我認識的所有人。
02:54
At that time, I asked myself a question:
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那時,我問我自己一個問題:
02:56
What can I do for people?
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我能為大家做什麼?
02:58
How can I help them?
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我要如何協助他們?
03:01
I knew we weren't able to get cement, aggregate and sand
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我知道我們無法取得水泥、
骨材和沙子,來重建 那些被戰爭摧毀的房屋。
03:08
to rebuild what the war destroyed.
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03:11
But also, maybe we can use something from inside the community,
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但,也許我們可以使用 社區裡面的東西,
03:15
something we already had.
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我們已經有的東西。
03:18
I started to put things together.
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我開始混合各種的東西。
03:20
First, paper as a filler, instead of the aggregate we import.
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首先,用紙當填料, 取代我們進口的骨材。
03:25
But that did not work out.
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但那並不成功。
03:27
What about using glass powder to replace part of the cement?
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那麼用玻璃粉來取代 一部分的水泥呢 ?
03:33
But that failed, too.
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但那也失敗了。
03:36
I guessed making building blocks out of mud would be a great idea.
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我猜想,用泥巴做成泥塊 是個很棒的點子。
03:40
But unfortunately, it didn't work out.
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但不幸的是,那也不成功。
03:43
During the process of burning the mud blocks,
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在燒泥塊的過程中,
03:47
we had a huge amount of ashes.
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我們有很大量的灰燼。
03:51
And I was like, "Why don't we use those ashes?"
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我心想:「我們為什麼 不利用那些灰燼?」
03:55
The idea flashed in my mind.
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我腦中閃過一個念頭。
03:57
"Let's use it and combine it with the rubble of the demolished houses
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「咱們把它和破房子留下的 瓦礫碎石黏合起來,
04:02
and make building blocks out of it."
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製做出建築磚頭。
04:06
After more than 150 failed experiments,
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在超過一百五十次失敗的實驗,
04:10
and over six months of research,
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及超過六個月的研究之後,
04:13
I actually made it.
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我真的辦到了。
04:16
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:23
I created a building block
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我創造出了一個空心磚,
04:27
out of the ashes and rubble of the demolished houses.
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用的是灰燼及破房子的瓦礫碎石。
04:34
It's here, it came all the way with me.
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它在這,我把它一路帶過來了。
04:36
Well, it came before me.
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嗯,它比我早來。
04:39
So, it's lighter,
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所以,它更輕,
04:41
it's cheaper, and it's stronger.
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它更便宜,它也更穩固。
04:46
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:55
This building block --
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這塊空心磚——
04:56
of course, you ask yourself, "How did this girl do it?"
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當然,你會自問: 「這個女孩怎麼做到的?」
04:59
It's not that hard, and it's not that easy.
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並沒有那麼難,也沒有那麼簡單。
05:02
First, we collected rubble from all around the Gaza Strip.
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首先,我們收集加薩 街頭上的瓦礫碎石。
05:07
Then we combined it with the ashes that came from the landfills.
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接著我們把它們 和垃圾填埋場的灰燼結合。
05:11
When the recipe is done, it's time for baking.
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當我們有了食譜之後, 就要開始烘焙了。
05:14
So we mold the blocks, as you can see in the photo,
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我們用模子做磚塊, 就像你們在照片中看到的,
05:18
and we cure it using water steam.
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然後我們再用水蒸汽處理。
05:22
I call the material "Green Cake,"
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我稱這種材料為「綠蛋糕」,
05:24
and people now can use it not only to rebuild old houses,
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現在,大家不只可以 用它來重建老房子,
05:28
but also to build new complete structures.
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也可以建造完整的新建築物。
05:32
Green Cake so far has created jobs for more than 30 people.
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目前,綠蛋糕已經為超過 三十人創造了就業機會。
05:37
And we were able to rebuild around 50 apartments,
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我們因此能重建了 大約五十間公寓,
05:42
each one of them the size of a household almost for eight people.
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每一間大約可容納八個人的家庭。
05:48
We also trained fresh graduates, female and male,
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我們也訓練剛畢業的人,
男性和女性都有, 在這個社區這並不常見。
05:55
which is not very common in the community.
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05:59
And we got several awards, locally and globally.
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我們得了不少獎, 地方性的和全球性的都有。
06:03
This block is not just only a building block.
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這個磚塊不只是一塊磚。
06:06
It changed the stereotype about women in Gaza
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它改變了對加薩女人的刻板印象,
06:09
that stated this type of work is meant for men.
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這類工作不僅男人可以做。
06:15
Education is the strongest weapon we have
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教育是我們最強大的武器,
06:19
to fight for our freedom, decent life and future.
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讓我們可以為自由、 體面生活,以及未來而戰。
06:24
My background helped me to do this block.
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我的背景協助我完成這些磚塊。
06:27
I went to the Islamic University of Gaza, and I studied civil engineering,
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我讀的是加薩的伊斯蘭大學, 主修土木工程,
06:31
where there was a one-to-six female-to-male ratio.
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在土木系,女性 和男性的比例是一比六。
06:36
Everyone told me I would end up without a job.
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大家都告訴我, 我最後會找不到工作。
06:40
I went for a major that's meant for men.
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我選擇的主修科目 是男人的主修科目。
06:44
But their lack of encouragement did not deter me; it inspired me.
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但是大家的不看好並沒有 讓我怯步,反而鼓舞了我。
06:49
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
06:57
After this long journey with the block, and after two years,
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結束這段漫長的 製磚之旅的兩年後,
07:00
what Gaza does need is not just building blocks.
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加薩需要的並不只是磚塊。
07:04
We also need electricity, we need the energy.
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我們也需要電力,我們需要能源。
07:09
I developed a new company called SunBox.
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我開了一間新公司, 叫陽光盒子(SunBox)。
07:13
SunBox is a smart solar kit that we source from China,
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陽光盒子是我們從中國 取得的智慧型太陽能組,
07:16
and we engineer it to fit the market need.
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我們改造它,來配合市場需求。
07:19
It powers not only light, but also laptops, phones,
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它不僅能供電給燈光, 還供電給手提電腦、
07:23
internet connection, a fan or a TV.
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電話、網路連線、電扇,或電視。
07:26
We teach local vendors and technicians
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我們教導當地的廠商以及技師,
07:29
to sell, install and provide customer services for people.
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如何銷售、安裝, 提供客人售後服務。
07:34
We got the project off the ground
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這個計畫案有個順利的開始,
07:36
by providing 15 families with solar energy.
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我們提供太陽能給十五個家庭。
07:40
One of the solar units we installed in a refugee camp.
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我們在一個難民營中 安裝了一個太陽能設備。
07:43
The next day I came to check what happened with the solar,
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隔天,我去檢查太陽能運作的狀況,
07:46
and I found a whole neighborhood watching a football match
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發現整個街坊的人都在 用我們的裝置看足球比賽。
07:49
using our device.
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07:50
I was like, "Wow, that's going to create a huge impact in the community."
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我心想:「哇,這對社區 會有很大的影響。」
07:55
That encouraged us to go to the second round
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那件事鼓勵了我們繼續進行第二輪,
07:58
of bringing 200 units.
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帶來兩百個設備。
08:02
But each unit costs around 350 dollars.
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但每一個的成本 是大約三百五十美元。
08:05
And a Palestinian family can't afford the 350 dollars.
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巴勒斯坦家庭 負擔不起三百五十美元。
08:08
So we had to think, again, outside the box:
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所以我們得再次跳脫常規思考:
08:10
How can we make this happen?
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我們要如何實現它?
08:13
If a whole neighborhood can watch a football match using one device,
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如果整個街坊可以 用一個裝置來看足球比賽,
08:17
it means two, three and four families can share one device
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那就表示兩個、三個, 甚至四個家庭可以共享一個裝置,
08:21
and enjoy the electricity.
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享用電力。
08:24
What we did is, we created a new business model
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我們的做法是創造了 一個新的商業模型,
08:26
called "sharing is caring."
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叫做「分享就是關心」。
08:29
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:31
The sharing is caring business model
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「分享就是關心」商業模型,
08:33
says two families share one unit, three families share one unit,
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就是讓兩個、三個家庭 共享一個設備,
08:37
and they split the cost, so they can afford paying for it.
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成本由他們來分攤, 讓他們能負擔得起。
08:40
Well, the idea caught on.
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這個點子流行起來。
08:42
I didn't expect that, but it just happened.
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我們沒預期到,但就發生了。
08:45
In less than two weeks,
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不到兩週,
08:46
we were able to provide over 200 people with electricity.
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我們提供了電力給兩百個人。
08:51
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:57
And the question here: How did the idea catch on?
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問題是:這個點子怎麼會流行起來?
09:01
We went to community centers --
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我們去了社區中心——
你們知道那些地方是什麼人用的嗎?
09:03
those are places, you know for whom?
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09:05
Only for men.
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只有男人。
09:06
So it was so weird for a woman to go there.
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所以女人去那裡是很奇怪的事。
09:08
And I told them, "We have a great idea.
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我告訴他們:「我們有個好點子。
09:10
We will give you electricity,
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我們會給你們電力, 你們告訴我誰需要電力。」
09:12
you give us people who need this electricity."
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09:16
Now, families are approaching us from all around the Gaza Strip.
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現在,分布在加薩街頭 各地的家庭都來找我們。
09:20
I received a phone call from the team this morning, saying,
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今天早上我接到團隊 打來的一通電話,說:
09:22
"Majd, please, we are under pressure, we work 16 hours a day,
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「瑪吉,拜託,我們壓力很大, 我們一天要工作十六小時,
09:26
we will not be able to work like this.
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我們不能像這樣做下去。
09:28
Families are calling us every second. They want solar energy."
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每秒鐘都有家庭打電話給我們。 他們想要太陽能。」
09:33
Muna, from one of the families we installed the solar unit for,
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穆娜是其中一個使用我們安裝的 太陽能設備的家庭成員,
09:37
she told me, "You know, Majd,
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她告訴我:「你知道嗎,瑪吉,
09:40
I've never imagined I will control something in my life.
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我從來沒有想過 我能在人生中掌控什麼。
09:44
Now I can control my source of energy.
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現在我可以掌控我的能源。
09:47
I feel so special."
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我感覺好特別。」
09:50
What you take for granted is a privilege for others.
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你們認為理所當然的東西, 對其他人來說卻是種特權。
09:56
People like Muna.
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對像穆娜這樣的人,
09:58
She doesn't want to fight.
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她不想要鬥爭,
10:00
She doesn't want to stay in a bad life.
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她不想要繼續過糟糕的生活,
10:05
She's only looking for a better life.
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她只是在尋求更好的生活。
10:08
Our vision, or I would say, everyone's vision in Gaza --
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我們的遠景,或者,我會說是 加薩裡每個人的遠景——
10:12
which I am very privileged to represent the people back home --
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我非常榮幸能夠代表家鄉的人——
10:16
is to have a good life, a future.
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就是要有一個更好的生活和未來。
10:21
We need to build the infrastructure of hope.
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我們需要建造希望的基礎建設。
10:23
We want to tell them it's possible to happen,
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我們想要告訴他們, 這是有可能成真的,
10:26
it's possible to be treated as a human being.
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是有可能被當成人類來對待的。
10:29
I don't have to cross four borders to come here.
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我不需要越過 四條邊界才能到這裡。
10:32
I can just go to the airport,
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我可以直接去機場,
10:33
see the people outside,
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看看外面的人,
10:35
see what the world looks like.
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看看世界是什麼樣子的。
10:38
Thank you so much.
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非常謝謝。
10:39
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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