Climate change will displace millions. Here's how we prepare | Colette Pichon Battle

譯者: Regina Chu 審譯者: Marssi Draw

It was about two years after Hurricane Katrina

卡崔娜颶風過後大約兩年，

that I first saw the Louisiana flood maps.

我第一次看到 路易斯安那州的水災地圖。

These flood maps are used to show land loss in the past

這張地圖是用來顯示 過去流失的土地，

and land loss that is to come.

以及將來要流失的土地。

On this particular day, at a community meeting,

那天，在社區大會上，

these maps were used to explain

這張地圖是拿來解釋

how a 30-foot tidal surge that accompanied Hurricane Katrina

隨著卡崔娜席捲而來的三十呎大浪

could flood communities like mine in south Louisiana

如何淹掉南路易斯安那州 像我家那樣的社區，

and communities across the Mississippi and Alabama coast.

以及橫跨密西西比 及阿拉巴馬兩州沿岸的社區。

It turns out that the land we were losing was our buffer from the sea.

結果證明，我們失去的土地 正是我們對海洋的緩衝區。

I volunteered to interact with the graphics on the wall,

我自願與牆上的圖表互動，

and in an instant my life changed for the second time in two years.

瞬間我的生命在兩年內 有了第二次的改變。

The graphic showed massive land loss in south Louisiana

這張圖顯示南路易斯安那州 大量流失的土地

and an encroaching sea,

及侵蝕土地的海洋，

but more specifically, the graphic showed the disappearance of my community

但更具體地說，這張圖顯示出

我的社區和許多其它的社區 在本世紀結束前如何消失。

and many other communities before the end of the century.

I wasn't alone at the front of the room.

站在會議室前方的不只我一人。

I was standing there with other members of south Louisiana's communities --

我與其他南路易斯安那州的 社區成員一同站立，

black, Native, poor.

黑人、原住民 、窮人。

We thought we were just bound by temporary disaster recovery,

我們都以為我們只是被災後復原 而帶來的短暫窘境所束縛，

but we found that we were now bound by the impossible task

沒想到束縛我們的，

是一個不可能的任務， 要確保我們的社區

of ensuring that our communities would not be erased by sea level rise

不會因氣候變遷 造成的海平面上升而消失。

due to climate change.

Friends, neighbors, family, my community:

親朋好友，鄉親故老：

I just assumed it would always be there.

我以為他們會與我永不分離。

Land, trees, marsh, bayous:

土地、樹木、沼澤、河口灣：

I just assumed that it would be there as it had been for thousands of years.

我以為它們會恆久不變， 就像過去數千萬年一樣。

I was wrong.

我錯了。

To understand what was happening to my community,

要了解我的社區到底發生了什麼，

I had to talk to other communities around the globe.

我得要跟全球其他的社區談話。

I started in south Louisiana with the United Houma Nation.

我從南路易斯安那州 荷馬族聯盟開始。

I talked to youth advocates in Shishmaref, Alaska.

我與阿拉斯加州希什馬廖夫市的 青年倡議團體談話。

I talked to fisherwomen in coastal Vietnam,

我與越南海岸的漁婦談話，

justice fighters in Fiji,

與斐濟的正義鬥士談話，

new generations of leaders

也跟托列斯海峽古老文化的 新一代領導人談話。

in the ancient cultures of the Torres Straits.

Communities that had been here for thousands of years

在這裡已經存在千千萬萬年的社區

were suffering the same fate,

都遭受同樣的命運，

and we were all contemplating how we would survive the next 50.

我們都在思量著 未來五十年要如何存活。

By the end of the next century,

到下個世紀末，

it's predicted that more than 180 million people

預測會有超過一億八千萬人

will be displaced due to climate change,

會因氣候變遷而被迫遷移，

and in south Louisiana,

而在南路易斯安那州，

those who can afford to do so are already moving.

能走的人早就走了。

They're moving because south Louisiana is losing land

他們會離開是因為南路易斯安那州

at one of the fastest rates on the planet.

流失土地的速度為世界數一數二。

Disappearance is what my bayou community

消失無蹤是我們河口灣社區

has in common with other coastal communities.

跟其他沿岸社區的共同點。

Erasure is what communities around the globe are fighting

抹除是全球社區

認清氣候變遷衝擊時戰鬥的目標。

as we get real about the impacts of climate change.

I've spent the last 14 years advocating on behalf of communities

過去至少十四年我都在代表

that have been directly impacted by the climate crisis.

直接受到氣候危機 影響的社區倡導此議題。

These communities are fighting discrimination

這些社區在與氣候 災後復原工作的歧視爭戰，

within climate disaster recovery,

and they're also trying to balance mass displacement of people

他們也試著平衡大規模流離失所的人

with an influx of others

與大批湧入的新人，

who see opportunity in starting anew.

因為他們看到重新開始的機會。

Since 2005, people have been called "refugees"

自 2005 年，

有一批人也被稱作難民，

when they leave when they're displaced by climate disaster,

他們因氣候災難而離開或被迫遷移，

even when they don't cross international borders.

即使他們沒有跨過國家邊境。

These terms, these misused terms,

這些術語，這些誤用的術語，

that are meant to identify the other,

旨在識別其他人，

the victim,

受害人，

the person who is not supposed to be here,

本來不應該出現在這裡的人，

these terms are barriers

這些術語變成障礙，

to economic recovery,

阻擋了經濟復甦，

to social integration

阻擋了社會整合，

and to the healing required from the climate crisis and climate trauma.

也阻擋了氣候危機 及氣候創傷後的療傷止痛。

Words matter.

話語很重要。

It also matters how we treat people who are crossing borders.

我們怎麼對待跨越邊境的人也很重要。

We should care about how people who are crossing borders today

今天我們應該關心穿越邊境

to seek refuge and safety are being treated,

以尋求庇護及安全的人 是怎麼被對待的，

if for no other reason than it might be you or someone you love

沒有別的理由，

因為很有可能就是你或你所愛的人

who needs to exercise their human right to migrate

需要在不久的將來 行使遷徙的人權。

in the nearby future.

We must start preparing for global migration today.

今天我們就必須開始準備全球大遷移。

It's a reality now.

這是現實。

Our cities and our communities are not prepared.

我們的城市及社區還沒有做準備。

In fact, our economic system and our social systems

事實上，我們的經濟系統 及我們的社會系統

are only prepared to make profit off of people who migrate.

只準備好要發遷移財。

This will cause rounds of climate gentrification,

這會產生一波波氣候新貴，

and it will also penalize the movement of people,

而且也會對移居的人極不公平，

usually through exploited labor

通常是透過剝削勞工，

and usually through criminalization.

及透過犯罪化。

Climate gentrification that happens in anticipation of sea level rise

氣候新貴會因預期海平面上升而產生，

is what we're seeing in places like Miami,

我們看到像邁阿密這樣的地方，

where communities that were kept from the waterfront

原來住不起水邊的社區，

are now being priced out of the high ground

本來只能住在高地， 現在高地房價水漲船高，

where they were placed originally

as people move away from the coast.

因為大家都搬離海岸區。

These folks are being moved, forced to relocate away

這些人被迫遷移，被迫移居，

from the social and economic systems that they need to survive.

離開他們生存所需的 社會及經濟系統。

Climate gentrification also happens in the aftermath of climate disaster.

氣候新貴也會在 氣候災難的餘波中產生。

When massive amounts of people leave a location

當大批人離開一個地方，

for an indefinite amount of time,

而且是無限期離開，

we see others come in.

別人就會進來。

We also see climate gentrification happen

我們也會看到氣候新貴出現在

when damaged homes are now "green built,"

當時受損現在卻變成綠色建築的房屋，

but now have a higher value,

因為現在價值變高了，

generally outside of the reach of black and brown and poor people

通常對想回家的黑色及棕色人種 還有窮人都遙不可及。

who want to return home.

The price difference in rents or the ownership of a house

租屋或買屋的價差，

is the difference between being able to practice your right,

就是你能否行使權利的差別，

your human right to return home as a community,

你身為社區的一員，能否回家的人權，

or be forced to resettle somewhere else

或被迫遷移到別處——

less climate resilient,

氣候適應力較差，

less expensive

較便宜，

and alone.

而且孤獨。

The climate crisis is a much larger conversation

氣候危機要討論的範圍，

than reducing CO2 emissions,

遠大於降低二氧化碳排放，

and it is a much different conversation than just extreme weather.

也遠大於極端氣候。

We're facing a shift in every aspect of our global reality.

我們正面臨全球現狀 各個層面的轉變。

And climate migration is just one small part,

氣候遷徙只是一小部分，

but it's going to have ripple effects

但會對海岸城市及內陸城市 都造成漣漪效應。

in both coastal cities and cities in the interior.

So what do we do?

所以我們該怎麼做？

I have a few ideas.

我有幾個想法。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

First, we must reframe our understanding of the problem.

第一，我們必須重新建構 對這個問題的了解。

Climate change is not the problem.

氣候變遷不是問題。

Climate change is the most horrible symptom

氣候變遷是最恐怖的表徵，

of an economic system

呈現出一個經濟體系

that has been built for a few

只為少數人而創造，

to extract every precious value out of this planet and its people,

讓他們剝削地球及其人類的 每一分珍貴價值，

from our natural resources

從我們的自然資源，

to the fruits of our human labor.

到我們人類辛苦勞動 所結的果實都要。

This system has created this crisis.

這個系統產生了這個危機。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

We must have the courage to admit we've taken too much.

我們必須有勇氣去承認 我們真的奪取太多。

We cannot close our eyes to the fact

我們不能視而不見這個事實：

that the entire world is paying a price

整個世界

正在為地球上一小撮人的 特權及舒適付出代價。

for the privilege and comfort of just a few people on the planet.

It's time for us to make society-wide changes

現在就是我們做出 全體社會改變的時候，

to a system that incentivizes consumption

改變這個刺激消費

to the point of global imbalance.

以至於全球失衡的系統。

Our social, political and economic systems of extraction

我們的社會、政治及經濟的剝削系統，

must be transformed into systems that regenerate the earth

必須轉變成使地球再生

and advance human liberty globally.

並在全球促進人類自由的系統。

It is arrogance to think that technology will save us.

認為技術會拯救我們 是非常自大的想法。

It is ego to think that we can continue

認為我們可以繼續以這種 不公正及剝削式的方法

this unjust and extractive approach to living on this planet

在地球上生活及生存 是非常自負的想法。

and survive.

(Applause)

（掌聲）

To survive this next phase of our human existence,

為了使人類能在下一階段生存，

we will need to restructure our social and economic systems

我們必須重新調整 我們的社會及經濟系統，

to develop our collective resilience.

以發展我們集體的應變能力。

The social restructuring must be towards restoration and repair

社會結構調整必須朝向恢復及修復

of the earth

地球，

and the communities that have been extracted from,

及已經被剝削、

criminalized

被定罪、

and targeted for generations.

及世世代代都被當作箭靶的社區。

These are the frontlines.

這些都是前線。

This is where we start.

這是我們開始的地方。

We must establish a new social attitude to see migration as a benefit,

我們必須建立新的社會態度， 把遷徙視為益處，

a necessity for our global survival,

我們全球生存的必要條件，

not as a threat to our individual privilege.

而不是對我們個人特權的威脅。

Collective resilience means developing cities that can receive people

集體應變能力是指開發一些城市，

能夠接納人群並提供住所、

and provide housing,

food, water, health care

食物、水、醫療，

and the freedom from overpolicing

及免受過度管制的自由，

for everyone,

對每一個人都一樣，

no matter who they are,

無論他們是誰，

no matter where they're from.

無論他們從哪裡來。

What would it mean if we started to plan for climate migration now?

如果我們現在就開始 氣候遷徙計畫是什麼意思？

Sprawling cities or declining cities could see this as an opportunity

正在擴張的城市或正面臨蕭條的城市 可以把這個當作一個機會，

to rebuild a social infrastructure rooted in justice and fairness.

重建根植於正義及公平的 社會基礎結構。

We could actually put money into public hospitals

我們可以把錢實際撥給公立醫院，

and help them prepare

幫助他們準備

for what is to come through climate migration,

氣候遷徙可能帶來的狀況，

including the trauma that comes with loss and relocation.

包括因損失及搬遷而造成的創傷。

We can invest more of our time in justice,

我們可以投入更多時間給正義，

but it cannot be for temporary gain,

但是不是為了短暫的利益，

it cannot be to help budget shortfalls,

不是為了彌補預算短缺，

it has to be for long-term change

這必須是為了長程改變，

and it has to be to advance justice.

必須是為了促進正義。

It's already possible, y'all.

這已經可行了，各位。

After Hurricane Katrina,

卡崔娜颱風之後，

universities and high schools around the US took in students

全美各地的大學及高中 都接收災區學生，

to help them finish their semester or their year without missing a beat.

幫助他們完成學期或學年， 一點都沒有錯過。

Those students are now productive assets in our community,

這些學生現在 正是我們社區的生產資產，

and this is what our communities, our businesses and our institutions

這是我們的社區、公司及機構

need to get ready for now.

現在就要準備好的事。

The time is now.

現在就是時機。

So as we reframe the problem in a more truthful way

在我們以更真實的方式 重新架構這個問題之時，

and we restructure our social systems in a more just way,

在我們以更正義的方式 重新建構我們的社會系統之時，

all that will be left is for us to reindigenize ourselves

剩下給我們要做的， 就是重新本土化自己，

and to conjure a power of the most ancient kind.

並喚醒最古老的一種力量。

This necessarily means that we must learn to follow --

這必然意味著我們必須學習跟隨——

not tokenize, not exotify, not dismiss --

不是標記，不是異化，不是打發——

the leadership and the traditional knowledge

某特定地方的領導及傳統知識。

of a particular local place.

It means that we must commit to standards of ecological equity

這意味著我們必須承諾 符合生態公平、

and climate justice and human rights

氣候正義和人權的標準，

as the basis, a base standard,

作為基礎，基本的標準，

a starting point,

一個起始點，

for where our new society is to go.

讓我們的新社會從這裡開始發展。

All of this requires us to recognize a power greater than ourselves

這些都要我們承認 是有一種力量比我們還強大，

and a life longer than the ones we will live.

是有一種生存比我們的壽命更長。

It requires us to believe in the things that we are privileged enough

這需要我們能相信那種

我們有幸不必看到的力量。

not to have to see.

We must honor the rights of nature.

我們必須尊敬大自然的權利。

We must advance human rights for all.

我們必須促進所有人的人權。

We must transform from a disposable,

我們必須從用完即丟、

individual society

個人主義的社會，

into one that sees our collective, long-term humanity,

轉變為視我們為集體、長存的人類，

or else we will not make it.

否則我們將失敗。

We must see that even the best of us are entangled in an unjust system,

我們必須看到無論何人 都會被困在不公正的系統內，

and we must acknowledge

我們必須承認

that the only way you're going to survive

你們能生存的唯一方法，

is for us to figure out

就是讓我們搞清楚

how to reach a shared liberation together.

要如何一同達成共享的解放。

The good news is

好消息是，

we come from powerful people.

我們起源於強大的人類。

We come from those who have, in one way or another,

我們起源於用各種方法倖存下來

survived so far to be us here today.

而造就今天的我們的人類。

This is reason enough to fight.

這個理由就足夠我們戰鬥了。

And take it from your south Louisiana friend,

從你在南路易斯安那州的 朋友就可以看到，

those hardest fights are the ones to celebrate.

最艱苦的戰鬥是值得慶祝的。

Let's choose to make this next phase of our planetary existence beautiful,

讓我們選擇讓下一階段的 地球存在美好，

and while we're at it,

就在我們存在其上的同時，

let's make it just and fair for everyone.

讓它也是一個對每一個人 都公正公平的地方。

We can do this, y'all.

我們做得到，各位。

We can do this,

我們可以做到，

because we must.

因為我們一定要做到。

We must, or else we lose our planet

我們一定要做，

不然我們就會失去我們的地球，

and we lose ourselves.

失去我們自己。

The work starts here.

這項工作就從這裡開始。

The work starts together.

這項工作要一同開始。

This is my offering.

這是我的奉獻。

Thank you for receiving it. Merci.

請笑納。謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）