How to get serious about diversity and inclusion in the workplace | Janet Stovall | TED

翻译人员: Ziwen Yan 校对人员: Yifan L

Everybody has that one friend --

所有人都有那种朋友——

you know, the single-minded one,

那种特别专注的朋友，

the one who, no matter what the question is,

不管问题是什么，

always finds a way to make the answer whatever it is she's single-minded about.

总会想方设法从 她所专注的事情中寻找答案。

I'm that friend.

我就是那种朋友。

(Laughter)

(笑声)

And the thing that I'm single-minded about

我专注于一件事——

is racism.

种族主义。

If someone were to ask me, "So, Janet, got any plans for the 4th of July?"

如果有人问我， “ 珍妮特, 独立日有什么安排吗？”

I'm subject to answer, "Yeah, I'm going to binge-watch 'Roots.'"

我只能回答， “有啊，我准备看电视剧《根》。”

(Laughter)

(笑声)

Or if they said, "Janet, I've got a joke for you:

或者他们说， “珍妮特, 我给你讲个笑话：

Why'd the chicken cross the road?"

为什么鸡会过马路？”

"Uh, was it a black chicken?

"嗯？是只黑鸡吗？

Probably gentrification."

可能是由于城中村正在改造。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

But for me, single-mindedness is not just caring about something.

于我而言，专注并不只意味着 对某事特别在意。

It's caring about something enough to do something about it.

专注意味着 因在意一件事而采取行动。

It's not just thinking, it's doing.

重点不在“想”， 而在“做”。

It's not just praying, it is moving your feet.

重点不在祈祷， 而在迈出去脚步。

And the reason I'm single-minded about racism is because I know

我如此专注于种族主义问题， 是因为我明白

single-mindedness can destroy it.

专注能消灭种族歧视。

I learned that many, many years ago.

我许多年前 就明白了这个道理。

Back in 1984, I was a junior at Davidson College

1984 年，我在北卡罗来纳州戴维森市

in Davidson, North Carolina.

的戴维森学院念大三。

Now, Davidson is a little-bitty town,

戴维森是一个很小的南部小镇，

Southern town, split by railroad tracks,

被铁路一分为二，

with white Davidson on one side, black Davidson on the other side,

白人住在铁路一边， 黑人住在另一边，

and, as black students lived on the white side of the tracks,

作为住在白人区的黑人学生，

we got used to being stopped in downtown and asked for ID,

我们习惯了在镇上被拦住， 要求出示身份证件，

until the police memorized our faces.

直到警察们 记住我们的长相为止。

But fortunately, that didn't take too long,

幸运的是， 他们记得很快。

because out of 1,200 students, only 52 of us were black.

因为 1200 个学生里 只有 52 个是黑人。

There was one black professor

大学里有只有一个黑人教授，

and one black assistant dean.

一个黑人副院长。

Things weren't a lot better on campus.

在校园里，这种情况屡见不鲜。

Well, I wasn't OK with this.

我不满意这种情况，

And so, I started writing things.

所以我写下了我的想法，

And then I started yelling things.

然后我开始呼吁我的想法。

And after about three years of that,

我坚持了 3 年，

I got tired.

然后我累了。

So I decided to write one more thing;

所以我决定写下最后一件事：

I wrote something called "Project '87."

我把这件事命名为“ 87 计划”。

Project '87 was really just a challenge to Davidson:

87 计划其实是对 戴维森学院的一个挑战：

in three years, by 1987,

三年之内， 也就是在 1987 年之前，

enroll 100 black students,

录取 100 个黑人学生，

hire 10 black professors,

雇用 10 个黑人教授，

create five Black Studies classes

开设 5 个黑人文化课程，

and hire one black dean.

雇用 1 个黑人院长。

It didn't seem particularly revolutionary,

这个挑战看起并不是特别新颖，

but what was different about it was,

但它的特别之处在于，

we also challenged Davidson to say that if you don't do this,

如果戴维森学院不接受这个挑战，

we will question your commitment to diversity.

那我们将会对此学院 族裔多样化的保证提出质疑。

It was a real problem.

这是个实质问题。

We put some real numbers to it.

我们的挑战里含有清楚的目标数值。

We gave them some real consequences.

我们列出了实质的后果。

Well, the campus went absolutely nuts.

学校快被逼疯了。

But fortunately, in the middle of this,

幸运的是， 这件事发生时，

Davidson got a new president,

戴维森学院迎来了一个新校长，

and that president was single-minded about racism, too.

这个新校长 也专注于种族主义问题。

And so, he created a task force

于是他建立了一支行动小队

to address the issues in Project '87.

来解决 87 计划里提出的问题。

And several months after that,

几个月之后，

we produced a 77-page report.

我们写出了一个 77 页长的报告。

That report was the foundation for all the change that came after it.

这个报告为之后的各种变化 奠定了基础。

Now, I wasn't there to see that change,

我并没有亲眼目睹这些变化，

because, actually, in 1985,

因为在 1985 年，

I graduated.

我毕业了。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

You are looking at the three happiest people on the planet that day,

照片里是那天全世界 最开心的 3 个人，

because I am leaving.

因为我要离开那个学校了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

However, the change did happen,

但是变化的确发生了，

and today, there are 185 black students,

如今，那里有 185 个黑人学生，

there are 16 black or multiracial professors,

16 个黑人或其他族裔的教授，

there are four black deans,

4 个黑人院长，

and there's an entire degree-granting Africana Studies Department.

以及 1 个授予学位的非洲文化研究系。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Project '87 changed Davidson.

87 计划改变了戴维森。

But it also changed me, because what it taught me

也改变了我，让我明白

was there's a lot of power in single-mindedness.

专注蕴含着很多力量。

Well, today, I'm an executive speechwriter

如今，我是全世界 最大企业之一的

for one of the biggest companies in the world.

一名高层讲演稿撰写人。

It's a profession that is 92 percent white and predominantly male,

这个职业里 92% 是白人， 大部分是男性。

which makes me a little bit of a unicorn.

在这里我就相当于一只独角兽，

But I'm a single-minded unicorn.

但我是一只专注的独角兽。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So the thing about speech writing is, it's very personal.

撰写演讲稿 是一件很私人化的事情。

So I spend a lot of time in deep conversation

所以我会和 CEO, 以及高级行政官们

with the CEO and senior executives,

展开很多深刻的谈话。

and a lot of times those conversations turn to diversity and inclusion,

话题总会转移到 种族多样化和包容性上，

which, of course, I'm always happy to talk about.

当然， 我总是很乐意讨论这些话题。

But after quite a few of these conversations,

但是经历过很多类似的交谈之后，

I've come to a conclusion:

我得出了一个结论：

I believe that business is in a position to do something

我相信商业能够实现

that no other entity can do.

其它行业做不到的事情。

Business can dismantle racism.

商业能够消除种族主义，

Now, colleges can't do it.

而大学做不到。

There aren't but 5,000 of them in the United States

美国仅有 5000 多所大学，

and only 20 million students enrolled.

这些大学里 仅仅有 2000 万学生在读。

Church can't do it, either --

教堂也无法消除种族歧视——

only 35 percent of us go on a regular basis,

只有 35% 的美国人定期去教堂，

and when we do,

而且当我们去教堂时，

eleven o'clock Sunday morning is "the most segregated hour" in America.

星期天早上 11 点钟是 全美最”种族隔离的时刻”。

But business?

但是商业呢？

There are a 162 million people in the US workforce alone --

美国约有 一亿六千二百万的劳动力——

people of all races,

横跨所有族裔，

united in the spirit of wanting a paycheck and having to show up to get it.

他们都被为拿到薪水而去工作 这种精神团结起来。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Now, I'm aware that diversity is bigger than race,

我明白多样化并不局限于种族，

and racism is bigger than America.

而种族主义并不局限于美国。

But racial discrimination is the most prominent form,

但是种族歧视是最突出的表现，

and Lord knows America is the absolute best at it.

而我们都知道 美国最擅长歧视。

So what if, though, what if

但是，如果

we worked in diverse and inclusive environments

我们在具有包容性 和多样化的环境中工作，

that we had something to do something with?

我们能做些什么呢？

And since we spend one-third of our lives at work,

既然我们一生 三分之一的时间都在工作，

what if we did that with people who didn't look like us?

与不同族裔的人一起 度过这些时间又会怎样？

I think the world would be a totally different place outside of work.

我想工作外的世界会变得截然不同。

That can happen if business gets single-minded about racism.

如果企业能专注于种族主义问题， 这种场景就有可能实现。

But the question is: How is that supposed to happen?

但问题是：要如何实现呢？

Well, I think there are three things that business can borrow from Project '87:

我认为 87 计划有三个方面 值得企业借鉴：

real problems,

实质问题，

real numbers,

实际目标数值，

real consequences.

实质后果。

Like it or not,

无论你认可与否，

diversity is not really a problem for business -- yet.

到目前为止，种族多样化 还不算是商业领域的大问题，

I mean, it's a nice thing to have, it's the right thing to do,

促进多样化是个好的目标， 也是正确的行动。

but for decades, we've been trying to make the case

但数十年来， 我们一直尝试证明

that diversity fuels innovation and customer insight.

多样化能激发 创新和市场洞察力。

I mean, at this point, it's kind of a no-brainer,

这已经成为一个 无需解释的观点了。

a little bit like hearing a smoke alarm going off

就像听见烟雾报警器响，

and standing with your hand on the hot door,

手摸着滚烫的门，

waiting for some data to tell you that your house is on fire.

等待着数据告诉你房子着火了。

Because the data is already there.

因为已经有数据证明了，

Ethnically diverse companies perform 33 percent better than the norm.

种族多样化企业 比普通企业的业绩高 33%。

Forbes's best workplaces for diversity enjoy 24 percent higher revenue growth.

福布斯名单中 ”最佳多元化企业“的收益则高出 24%。

And yet, here we are in 2018,

然而现在是 2018 年，

and there are only three black CEOs in the Fortune 500.

财富世界 500 强之内 只有三名黑人 CEO。

And if your name is Molly or Connor,

如果你的名字是莫利或康纳，

you've got a 14 percent better chance of getting a callback on your resume

你寄出简历收到面试的几率

than if your name is Shanice or DeShawn.

会比叫做沙妮思 或德肖恩的人高 14%，

And all of this, despite the fact that by 2045,

尽管到 2045 年，

美国将会成为一个 少数族裔占多数的国家。

America is projected to be a minority-majority country.

重要的是：

Here's the thing:

the business case for diversity, as it stands today,

如今商业领域多样化的情况

doesn't really speak to any problem.

并没有显露任何问题。

能让商业专注于 种族多样化的情况

And the only way business is going to get single-minded

about racial diversity

只有一个：

那就是当这个问题 危及到除有色人种以外

is if it has a problem that is urgent and relative to somebody

other than people of color.

其他人的利益的时候。

I got one:

我举个例子：

员工和顾客怎么样？

How about employees and customers?

Because no matter what business you're in,

因为不管你在哪个行业，

员工和顾客是必不可少的吧？

you're going to need those, right?

好， 我们现在讨论一下实际数值。

Well, let's talk about some real numbers.

If you have employees and customers, wouldn't it make sense

如果你拥有员工和顾客，

他们长得像为你工作的人 也讲得通吧？

if they looked a little bit like the people that work for you?

So if that's the case, maybe your employee base should be 13 percent Black

这样的话，你雇用的 13% 的员工应该是黑人，

and 18 percent Hispanic,

18% 应该是拉丁美洲人，

because that's what the population looks like.

因为这就是美国人口的分布。

Maybe that's what your customer base looks like.

也许这就是客户的分布。

但让我们说清楚了：

But let's be clear:

diversity and inclusion are not the same things.

多样化和包容性不是一件事情。

Diversity is a numbers game.

多样化与数值有关，

Inclusion is about impact.

包容性与影响力相关。

Companies can mandate diversity,

企业可以要求种族多样化，

but they have to cultivate inclusion.

但他们只能培养包容性。

And if inclusion is what you're after,

如果你追求包容性，

you've got to calculate some slightly different numbers.

你需要计算的数字 可能会有点不同。

How about 30 percent?

30% 怎么样？

Because that's the point that research shows

因为研究表明，只有此时

at which the voices of minorities actually begin to be heard.

少数族裔的诉求才开始被采纳。

If you want a real problem,

如果你有一个实质问题，

你需要实际的数值来解决它，

you're going to need real numbers to fix it,

如果你不愿意定下准确的目标，

and if you're not willing to set real numbers,

then maybe you're not real serious about diversity and inclusion.

这说明你对多样化和包容性 也不是那么在意。

That brings me to my third point:

这就说到了我第三个观点：

real consequences.

实质后果。

Think about this:

想象一下：

when salespeople forget what they're doing and don't come up with their numbers,

当售货员不完成工作， 没有达到目标时，

what do we do?

我们怎么做？

We give them a little time, maybe we give them some training.

我们给他们一点时间， 或者一些训练。

但如果他们不达到最终目标，

But then if they don't hit those numbers eventually,

我们会解雇他们。

we fire them.

However, when you start talking about diversity and inclusion,

然而当谈论到多样化和包容性时，

we use terms like "accountability."

我们会用到像”负责“之类的词。

And maybe we scold, and maybe we hold back an incentive or two.

也许我们会责骂， 或者收回一些奖励。

But you know what the best incentive is?

但你知道 最好的奖励是什么吗？

A job.

是一份工作。

And you know what the best disincentive is?

最好的抑制因素呢？

Losing it.

失去这份工作。

所以如果企业真心想问责，

So if companies really want accountability,

they should assume that that is a given.

他们应该假定责任是被给予的。

Consequences are what happen when you don't do what you're accountable for.

后果是当你没有完成 自己的责任后产生的。

Imagine this:

想象一下：

imagine a place where people of all colors and all races

想象一个地方， 所有肤色和种族的人们

are on and climbing every rung of the corporate ladder;

都在攀爬企业的阶梯，

where those people feel safe -- indeed, expected --

在此处所有人都感到安全—— 这也是我们所期待的——

to bring their unassimilated, authentic selves to work every day,

能够把一个未同化的， 真正的自己展现在工作中，

because the difference that they bring is both recognized and respected.

因为人们所展示的不同 是会被尊重与认可的。

再想象这样一个地方， 我们让在工作中认识到的多样化

And imagine a place where the lessons we learn about diversity at work

真正影响了我们 工作外的一言一行。

actually transform the things we do, think and say outside of work.

That is what happens if we all work together

如果我们一起努力 弥补过错，

to fix what's broken.

就可以实现这件事。

That is what happens if we stop praying for change to happen

当我们停止为改变而祈祷，

and actually start moving our feet to making it.

而是开始行动时， 这些都会成为现实。

That is the power of single-mindedness.

这就是专注的力量。

Thank you.

谢谢。

（鼓掌）

(Applause)