Stewart Brand: Building a home for the Clock of the Long Now

翻译人员: Tony Yet 校对人员: Daqing Chu

Welcome to 10,000 feet.

欢迎来到一万英尺的高空

Let me explain why we are here

先让我介绍一下我们为什么会在这里吧

and why some of you have a pine cone close to you.

也许你们有些人手上就有松塔

Once upon a time, I did a book called "How Buildings Learn."

我曾经写过一本书，叫《建筑是如何学习的》

Today's event you might call "How Mountains Teach."

今天这一演讲你可以理解为“大山是怎么施教的”

A little background: For 10 years I've been trying to figure out how to

先谈一下一些背景：过去的十年，我一直琢磨着

hack civilization so that we can get long-term thinking

破解人类文明，使得我们能够有长远的思维

to be automatic and common instead of difficult and rare --

使得这样的思维方式成为常态，而不是这种艰难或根本就没有的思维

or in some cases, non-existent.

或者在某些情况下，它们就根本不存在

It would be helpful if humanity got into the habit of thinking

假如人类可以养成长线思考的习惯，那将是大好事

of the now not just as next week or next quarter, but you know,

就是说，现在不是指这个星期或下个季度

next 10,000 years and the last 10,000 years --

而是未来一万年以及过去的一万年

basically civilization's story so far.

那也是人类文明史所走过的时间

So we have the Long Now Foundation in San Francisco.

长久基金会就在旧金山

It's an incubator for about a dozen projects,

它是一系列项目的孵化器

all having to do with continuity over the long term.

这些项目都是与长线思考相关的项目

Our core project is a rather ambitious folly --

而我们的核心项目是一个相当宏伟的愚公移山式的工程

I suppose, a mythic undertaking: to build a 10,000-year clock

可以说是一个颇具神话色彩的项目吧，就是要建一个万年钟

that can really keep good time for that long a period.

一个可以一直很好记时的万年钟

And the design problems of a project like that are just absolutely delicious.

而这样一个计划所带来的设计难题也是相当迷人的

Go to the clock. And what we have here is something

好吧，先回到这个钟。

many of you saw here three years ago.

这里看到的其实你们很多人三年前已经看过

It's the first working prototype of the clock.

这是我们制作的第一个可以运行的万年钟模型

It's about nine feet high.

高九英尺

Designed by Danny Hillis and Alexander Rose. It's presently in London,

是由Danny Hillis以及Alexander Rose设计的，它现在放在伦敦

and is ticking away very deliberately at the science museum there.

就在科学博物馆里安静地行走着

So the design problem for today is going to be,

所以说，我们今天面临的设计上的难题是

how do you house an eventual monumental clock like this

怎样永久妥善的安放这样一个钟

so it can really tick, save time beautifully for 100 centuries?

使之可以在一万年之内都能平稳的运行，并准确的计时？

Well, this was the first solution.

这是第一个方案

Alexander Rose came up with this idea

Alexander Rose提出这个设想

of a spiraloid tower with continuous sloping ramps.

用一系列的斜坡做成一个螺旋型的塔

And it looked like a way to go, until you start thinking

这个想法似乎不错

about, what does deep time do to a building?

而一旦你想到长久时间对一座建筑带来的破坏时

Well, this is what deep time does to a building.

看，这就是长久时间对建筑带来的破坏

This is the Parthenon. It's only 2,450 years old,

这是帕提农神庙，它建成至今只有2450年之久

and look what happened to it.

看看它身上发生了什么

Here's a beautiful project. They really knew it'd last forever,

这是一个很美的工程 建筑者以为它可以永世长存

because they'd build it out of absolutely huge stones.

因为他们是用巨型的石块建成的

And now it's a pathetic ruin and no one even knows what it was used for.

现在看到的就只是一堆烂石 也没有人知道那里原来是用作何种用途的

That's what happens to buildings. They're vulnerable.

这就是建筑的命运 它们都是不堪岁月洗礼的

Even the most durable and intactable buildings,

即使是最为持久、最为坚固的建筑

like the pyramids of Giza, are in bad shape when you look up close.

比如吉萨城的金字塔，都已经满目仓荑

They've been looted inside and out.

盗墓者里里外外把坟墓淘空了

And they're built to protect things but they don't protect things.

这些建筑本来是用来保存东西的，但事实上它们起不到这个作用

So we got to thinking, if you can't put things safely in a building,

所以我们想，既然用建筑来放东西不是一个安稳的办法

where can you safely put them? We thought, OK, underground.

哪里才是好的存放地呢？我们想，不如放到地下？

How about underground with a view?

在地表上装一个观测的窗口？

Underground in a place that's really solid.

找一个相当坚固的地方。

So the obvious answer was, we need a mountain.

答案很明显，我们需要找到一座山

You don't want just any mountain.

并且不仅仅是一座山

You need absolutely the right mountain

我们需要合适的山

if you're going to have a clock for 10,000 years.

只有那样才能存放一个万年的钟

So here's an image of the long view of the search problem.

于是，我们又遇到了搜寻合适的地点的难题

And we got to thinking for various reasons it ought to be a desert mountain,

基于多方面的考虑，我们想到那必须是一个位于沙漠地带的山

so we got looking in the dry areas of the Southwest.

于是我们就到美国西南部的干旱地带搜寻

We looked at mesas in New Mexico.

我们看了新墨西哥州的山谷地

We were looking at dead volcanoes in Arizona.

看了亚利桑那州的死火山

Then Roger Kennedy, who was the director of the National Parks Service,

这时，国家公园服务处的Roger Kennedy找到我们

led us to Eastern Nevada,

把我们带到内华达州东部

to America's newest and oldest national park,

来到美国最年轻也最古老的国家公园

which is called Great Basin National Park.

那就是大盘地国家公园

It's right on the eastern border of Nevada.

就在内华达州东部的边界上

It's the highest range in the state -- over 13,000 feet.

那里是整个州最高的地方，有一万三千英尺高

And you'll notice that on the left, on the left, on the west, it's very steep,

你会看到，在左边，在西边，那里非常陡峭

and on the right it's gentle.

而在右边则非常缓和

This place is remote. It's over 200 miles from any major city.

这个地方相当偏僻，离最近的大城市都要200英里

It's nowhere near any Interstate or railroad.

旁边没有任何的州际公路或铁路

And it's -- the only thing that goes by is what's called

附近只有一个称之为

America's loneliest highway, U.S. 50.

美国50号公路，那是美国最寂寞的公路

Now, inside the yellow line here, on the right is -- that's all national park.

在这黄线里面，右边是国家公园

Inside the green line is national forest.

绿线里面就是国家森林

And then over to the left is Bureau of Land Management land and some private land.

左边是国土管理局以及其他私人领地

Now, as it happened, that two-mile-long strip right in the middle,

而刚好中间那一段两英里长的狭窄地带

this vertical, was available because it was private land.

这个竖状地带是私人领地，它可以出让

And thanks to Jay Walker who was here and Mitch Kapor who was here,

感谢Jay Walker以及Mitch Kapor，他们两个今天都在这里

who started the process, Long Now was able to get that two-mile-long strip of land.

这是在他们的支持下，我们得以启动这一项目，买下了这块地

And now let's look at the grand truth of what's there.

好吧，让我们看看那里到底有些什么吧

We're in Pole Canyon, looking west up the western escarpment

我们就在峡谷顶上，西边就是华盛顿山脉的悬崖

of Mount Washington, which is 11,600 feet on top.

那里的最高峰有11600英尺高

Those white cliffs are a dense Cambrian limestone.

那些悬崖都是由密集的寒武纪钟乳石构成的

That's a 2,000-foot thick formation,

有两千英尺厚

and it might be a beautiful place to hide a clock.

用来藏一个钟应该是不错的选择

It would be a pilgrimage to get to it; it would be a serious hike

人们要想去到那里的话，就须得像朝圣者那样徒步前往

to get up to where the clock is.

一步一步的攀上悬崖

So last June, the Long Now board, some staff and some donors

去年六月，长久基金会的董事会成员、一些职员以及捐赠者

and advisors, made a two-week expedition to the mountain

花了两周时间在那里考察

to explore it and investigate, one, if it's the right mountain,

一来是想知道那里是否真的合适

and two, if it's the right mountain, how it might actually work for us.

假如合适的话，我们可以怎么具体去开展这一项目

Now Danny Hillis sort of framed the problem.

Danny Hillis 尝试这样去解决这个问题

He has a theory of how the overall clock experience should work.

他提出了一套理论，向人们解释这一神秘的探访过程是怎么一回事

It's what he calls the seven stages of a mythic adventure.

他说，这一过程包括七个环节

It starts with the image. The image is a picture you have in your mind

一开始是一个图像，也就是在你头脑中形成的图像

of the goal at the end of the journey.

你想象着自己必须完成这一段旅程

In this case it might well be an image of the clock.

也许旅程的尽头就是一个钟在等着你

Then there's the point of embarkation, that is, the point of transition

而后就是出发，这就是行程的开始点

from ordinary life to being a pilgrim on a quest.

从平常的生活转变为求索的朝圣者

Then -- this is a nice image of it, there's the labyrinth.

而后呢，就是走进迷宫——这一点相当迷人

The labyrinth is a concept, it's like a twilight zone,

迷宫是一个概念，就有如一个幽暗地带

it's a place where it's difficult, where you get disoriented,

要走出非常艰难，你会迷路

maybe you get scared -- but you have to go through it

甚至会被吓坏了——但你必须要走过去

if you're going to get to some kind of deep reintegration.

假如你要获得某种深度的融合的话

Then there should always be in sight the draw --

再而后你肯定会看到

a kind of a beacon that draws you on through the labyrinth

像航标那样的东西，指引你走过重重的迷宫

to finish the process of getting there.

最终走出迷宫

Now Brian Eno, who's been in the thick of the Long Now process,

音乐家Brian Eno——他全程参与了长久基金会的这一项目

spent two years making a C.D. called "January 7003,"

花了两年时间制作了一张名为“7003的一月”的CD

and it's "Bell Studies for the Clock of the Long Now."

“关于万年钟的贝尔研究”

Based on -- parts of it are based on an algorithm that Danny Hillis developed,

其中一部分是根据Danny Hillis开创的算法制作的

so that a peal of 10 bells

十个铃组成一串

makes a different peal every day for 10,000 years.

万年钟在一万年的光阴里每天都可以发出不一样的系列钟声

The Hillis algorithm. 10 factorial gives you that number.

Hillis的算法可以通过指数10达到这一目的

And in fact, pretty soon we'll hear the sound.

我们马上就能听到这声音了

January 7003. There it is.

”7003的一月“。听

OK, back to Danny's list.

现在回到Danny Hillis那个七个环节

Number five of the seven is the payoff. This is it. The climax.

第五点是回报，就是它，最让人兴奋的时光

The goal. The main thing that you're trying to get to.

你到了终点了，到了你想去的地方

And then Danny says a really great journey will have a secret payoff.

Danny说这样一个伟大的旅途应该有一个神秘的收获的

Something you didn't expect that caps what you did expect.

那是你意想不到的收获

Then there's the return.

这就是你的收获

You've got to have a gradual return to the ordinary world,

你要慢慢的返回到平常世界

so you have time to assimilate what you've learned.

你才会慢慢的消化学到的东西

And then, how about a memento? Number seven.

然后呢，是不是应该有一个记念？第七个环节

At the end of it there's something physical,

到最后有一种物质的东西

a kind of reward that you take away.

一种你可以拿走的回报

It might be a piece of a core drill of the mountain.

也许是一件开山岩的钻头

Something that's just yours.

一件你自己的东西

How do you study a mountain

你如何去研究一座山？

for the kinds of things we're talking about?

研究刚才提到的那些特征？

This is not a normal building project.

这不是一个平常的建筑项目

What do you look for?

要注意些什么呢？

What are the elements that will most affect your ideas and decisions?

什么是最能影响你的思想与决定的？

Start with borders. If you look on the left side of the cliffs here,

我们从边界开始，假如你仔细看悬崖的左边

that's national park. That's sacrosanct --

那里是国家公园，是一 块神圣之地

you can't do anything with that. To the right of it is national forest.

这块地不能动用，右边则是国家森林

There's possibilities. The borders are important.

那里有可能（成为选址地），但是对边界必须非常小心

Other elements were mines, weather, approaches and elevation.

其他需要考虑的因素是矿井、天气、进去的难度以及攀登的高度

And especially trees. Look at those things up on top there.

还有特别要留意树。大家看看山顶上有些什么

It turns out that Mount Washington is covered with bristlecone pines.

事实上，华盛顿山脉上面覆盖了古刺果松

They're the world's oldest living thing.

它们是世界上现存的活下来的最古老的生物

People think they're just the size of shrubs, but that's not actually true.

人们以为它们只有灌木丛那么大小，其实不是

There are trees on that mountain that are 5,000 years old and still living.

那座山上有的树其树龄已达五千年了，还在生长着

The wood is so solid it's like stone, and it lasts for a long time.

这棵树的木质是如此坚固，简直有如石块，它已经久很长的时间了

So when you do tree ring studies of trunks that are on the mountain,

要是你对高山上的树进行年轮测试

some of them go back 10,000 years.

有些还可以追溯到上万年前呢

The stone itself is absolutely beautiful,

而这些“石头”本身也非常美丽

sculpted by millennia of very tough winters up there.

因为它们经历了千万年风雨的洗礼

We had tree ring analysts from the University of Arizona

亚利桑那大学对那里的树做了年轮测试

join us on the expedition.

他们跟我们一起去的

Now, if you guys have a pine cone handy,

好，假如你们手上有松塔的话

now's a good time to put it in your hand and feel it, especially on the end.

可以用手去摸摸它，特别是顶端。

That's interesting.

很有趣的

You'll find out why it's called a bristlecone pine. A little sensory experience.

你可以体会到它为何叫古刺果松了，你能感觉到的

Here's Danny Hillis in the midst of a bristlecone pine forest

图片上那个就是Danny Hillis，它就在一片古刺果松林里

on Long Now land. I should say that the age of bristlecones

在这块万年钟的土地上，我应该提起这一树种的树龄测算

was discovered, led by a theory.

它是由一个理论推导出来的

Edmund Schulman in the 1950s

Edmund Schulman在1950年代

had been studying trees under great stress at Timberline,

他在Timberline公司用高压研究这些树木

and came to the realization that he put in an article in Science magazine

最后推出一理论，在《科学》杂志上写一文章公布其结果。

called, "Longevity under Adversity in Conifers."

题为“困厄铸就长寿——针叶树的研究”

And then, based on that principle, he started looking around

他起初按照这一理论原理，对该地的周围进行研究

at the various trees at Timberline,

在Timerline公司研究各样的树种

and realized that the bristlecone pines --

结果发现这种古刺果松

he found some in the White Mountains that were over 4,000 years old.

他在怀特山脉发现的这种树有大约4000年的树龄

Longevity under adversity is a pretty interesting design principle in its own right.

“困厄出长寿”本身也是一个很有趣的设计法则

OK, onto the mines. The first asking price for the property

好，我们再看看矿井。最初 是以土地要价

when we looked at it in 1998 was one billion dollars for 180 acres and a couple of mines.

1998年我们第一次去看的时候，那里的要价是十亿美元可以买180英亩的地以及少许的矿井

Because the owner said, "There's one billion dollars of beryllium in that mountain."

因为土地的主人说地里有价值十亿的铍

And we said, "Wow, that's great. Listen, we'll counter. How about zero?

我们说，太棒了——我们能不能以零价购买，我们不要那些矿藏？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And we're a non-profit foundation, you can give us the property

我们是一个非牟利的基金会，你可以直接把地给我们啊

and take a hell of a tax deduction.

还能减免一大笔的税金呢

(Laughter)

（笑声）

All you have to do is prove to the government it's worth a billion dollars."

只要你能向政府证明那块地值十亿就行了

Well, a few years went by and there was some kind of back and forth,

又过了几年，我们之间也有一些往复

and by and by, thanks to Mitch and Jay,

最后，在Mitch Kapor和Jay的帮助下

we were able to buy the whole property for 140,000 dollars.

我们最终以14万美金买下了这块地

This is one of the mines. It doesn't have any beryllium in it.

这是其中一个矿井，里面根本就没有铍

It's called the Pole Adit. And it does have tungsten,

它叫Pole Adit，里面有钨矿

a little bit of tungsten, left over, that's the kind of mine it was.

不过仅仅是一点点遗留下来的，这就是它的模样

But it goes a mile-and-a-half in a straight line,

它里面有一段是长达1.5英里的直线距离

due east into the range, into very interesting territory -- except that,

一直延伸到东部，去到一个非常有趣的地方

as you'll see when we go inside in a minute,

我们去到里面你就可以看得到

we were hoping for limestone but in there is just shale.

本希望看到钟乳石的，可惜只是看得到页岩

And shale is not quite completely competent rock.

页岩又不是很坚固的石块

Competent rock is rock that will hold itself up without any shoring.

坚固的石块是不需要任何的外物支撑即可树在那里的

The shale would like some shoring,

而页岩则是需要一些支撑的

and so parts of it are caved in in there.

它的有些部分是深深陷入洞里的

That's Ben Roberts from -- he's the bat specialist from the National Park.

这是Ben Roberts，他是国家公园的蝙蝠专家

But there are many wonders back in there, like this weird fungus

里面还有很多奇异的东西，比如这个真菌

on some of the collapsed timbers.

它就生长在一个枯萎的木头上

OK, here's another mine that's up on top of the property,

这是另外一个矿井，它在山上

and it dates back to 1870.

它的历史可以追溯到 1870年

That's what the property was originally built around --

那是这块土地最初开发的时间

it was a set of mining claims. It was a very productive silver mine.

很多矿井项目都在这里开始，那是一个高产的银矿

In fact, it was the highest-operating mine in Nevada,

事实上，它是内华达州海拔最高的作业矿井

and it ran year round.

一年到头都在开工

You can imagine what it was like in the winter at 10,000 feet.

你可以想象在冬季的时候在一万英尺的地方工作是怎么样的感觉

You may recognize a couple of the miners there.

你也许认识开矿的几位探险者

There's Jeff Bezos on the right and Paul Saville on the left looking for galena,

右边是 Jeff Bezos 左边是 Paul Saville ，他们正在找方铅矿

which is the lead-silver thing. They didn't find any.

可是找不到

They both kept their day jobs. Here's the last mine.

他们白天都有工作，这是最后一个矿井

It's called the Bonanza Adit. It's down in a canyon.

它叫Bonanza Adit，是在峡谷底下的

And Alexander Rose on the left there worked with a bunch of people

左边是Alexander Rose，他在和来自国家公园的人员

from the National Park to survey the whole mine. It's a mile deep.

一起探测整个矿井，那里有一英里深

And they also found four species of bats in there.

他们在那还发现了四个种类的蝙蝠

Now, almost all those mines, by the way, meet underneath the mountain.

现在，几乎所有的这些矿井都会聚在山底之下

They don't quite, but it's something to think about.

这是值得思考的地方

They don't quite meet.

它们没有完全的汇聚

Let's go to weather. Mountains specialize in interesting weather.

再看看天气吧。山间的天气都很特别

Way more interesting than Monterey even today.

比蒙特雷的天气有意思多了

And so one Tuesday morning last June, there we were.

去年六月的一个星期二，我们在那里的时候

Woke up in the morning -- the mountain was covered with snow.

早上醒来，山顶上盖满了积雪

That was a great time to go up and visit our weather station which again,

那天我们登上山顶去看我们的气候站，一路真是棒极了。

thanks to Mitch Kapor, we're building up there.

气象站是Mitch Kapor赞助下建起来的

And it's a pretty interesting scene.

那里的风景也很美

This is, on the left there, the joyful lady is Pat Irwin,

左边这位很快活的女士是 Pat Irwin

who's the regional head of the National Forest Service,

她是国家森林服务的地区主管

and they gave us the temporary use permit to be there.

他们允许我们短暂的使用那块地

We want a temporary use permit for the clock, eventually --

我们希望获得一个短期的土地使用许可，结果是

10,000-year temporary use permit.

一个时间为一万年的短期使用许可

(Laughter)

（笑声）

The weather station's pretty interesting.

气象站是很有趣的

Kurt Bollacker and Alexander Rose designed a radically wireless station.

Kurt Bollacker 和 Alexander Rose 设计了一个无线的气象站

It runs on solar, and it sends a signal with that antenna

通过太阳能驱动，数据通过天线发送

and bounces it off of micrometeorite trails in the atmosphere

信号通过天际间的彗星折射回来

to a place in Bozeman, Montana, where the data is taken down

在蒙特那州的伯兹曼数据中心接收到信号

and then sent through landlines to San Francisco,

然后经由地面网络将数据传送到旧金山

where we put the data in real time up on our website.

在那我们在网上公布实时数据

And there you see a week of weather at 9,400 feet on Mount Washington.

所以你可以在网站上看到高达94000英尺的华盛顿山山顶最近一周的天气变化

Let's go to approaches.

好吧，再看看有些什么样的途径可以去到那里

As it happens, there are no trails anywhere on Mount Washington,

事实是，没有任何行路迹可以走到华盛顿山

just a few old mining roads like this,

只有一些像这样的很老的矿井路

so you have to bushwhack everywhere.

所以说去到任何一个地方都要在丛林中开路

But there's no bears, and there's no poison oak,

但没有熊，也没有毒橡木树

and there's basically no people because this place has been empty for a long time.

也没有人，因为这里的人很久之前就迁走了

You can hike for days and not encounter anybody.

你也许一连走了几天也不会遇上一个人

Well, here's a potential approach.

这里是一个可行的路径

You need to come up the Lincoln Canyon.

你要来到林肯峡谷

It's this beautiful world all of its own, surrounded by cliffs,

那里本身就很美，四周是悬崖削壁

and it's an easy hike to stroll up the canyon bottom,

有一条捷径在峡谷底部很轻松的行走

until you get to this barrier, and it actually presents a problem.

但是，当你来到这里的时候，就碰上了一个难题了

So you can scratch Lincoln Canyon as an approach.

你可以选择从头绕过林肯峡谷作为一条路径

Another possible approach is right up the western front of the mountain.

另一种可能是从山的西边上去

You can see why we sometimes call it Long Mountain.

你也可以理解为何我们称之为长山脉

And from where you're standing at 6,000 feet in the valley,

站在海拔六千英尺高的峡谷上

it's an easy hike up to the mature pinyon and juniper forest

很轻松的就能徒步走到矮松以及针叶松地带

through that knoll at the front at 7,600 feet.

就是通过7600英尺处的一个小丘

And you can carry right on up through meadows

可以继续沿着草地走

and steepening forest to the high base of the cliffs at 10,500 feet,

经过一段陡林来到一万零五百英尺高处悬崖上的基地

where there's a bit of a problem.

可到了这里又有问题了

Now, Jeff Bezos advised us when he left at the end of the expedition,

Jeff Bezos离开我们这个探险队的时候说

"Make the clock inaccessible.

“要让万年钟无路可达

The harder it is to get to, the more people will value it."

越是难以到达，人们越是 会珍视它的价值”

And check -- those are 600-foot vertical walls there.

好，看这里——这就有600英尺高的垂直峭壁

So Alexander Rose wanted to explore this route,

Alexander Rose想试一试攀上去

and he started over here on the left from his pickup truck

他从停泊卡车的左方开始

at 8,900 feet and headed up the mountain.

那里海拔8900英尺

Now, as you gain elevation your IQ goes down --

但是我们知道，去到海拔越高的地方，人的IQ也会随之下降

(Laughter)

（笑声）

but your emotional affect goes up,

但是你的情绪会高涨起来

which is great for having a mythic experience,

这对于探秘之旅而言是有益的

whether you want to or not.

不管你自身是否愿意

In fact, Danny Hillis can estimate altitude

当时，Danny Hillis还能估算高度

by how much math he can't do in his head.

靠他不能用他的大脑来进行计算的程度

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Now, I happened to be on the radio with Alexander

我曾经和Alexander出现在电台节目上

when he got to this point at the base of the cliffs, and he said, quote,

当他到达悬崖之基部这一点的时候，他说

"There's a hidden notch. I think I can get up a ways."

“那里有个隐秘的V形口，我想我可以通过那里上去的”

Now, he's a rock climber, but you know, he's our executive director.

他会攀岩，同时也是我们的项目执行总监

I don't want him killed. I know he's going to love cliffs.

我不希望他就此送命，因为我知道他很热爱那项运动

I'm saying, "Be careful, be careful, be careful."

我说，“你要小心、小心、再小心啊”

Then he starts going up, and the next thing I hear is,

他就这样上去了，我接着就听到

"I'm half-way up. It's like climbing stairs. I'm going up 60 degrees.

“我爬到一半距离了，简直跟爬楼梯没什么两样，我还是沿着60度角爬的呢”

It's a secret passage. It's like something from Tolkien."

这里是一个秘密的通道，就像是托尔金小说里描写的那样“

And I'm going, "Careful, careful. Please be careful."

我接着说：“你小心点，小心点，求你小心点！”

And then, of course, the next thing I hear is,

接下来我听到的是

"I've made it to the top. You can see all of creation from up here."

“我到山顶了，在这里你可以看到造化的万物啊！”

And he dashed across the top of the mountains.

他在山顶上狂奔

In fact, there he is. That's Alexander Rose.

看，那个就是他

First ascent of the western face to Mount Washington,

他是第一个从西侧登上华盛顿山山顶的

and a solo ascent at that.

并且完全是一个人完成的

This discovery changed everything about our sense of these cliffs

这一发现完全改变了我们对于那些悬崖的看法

and what to do with them.

以及我们对待它们的态度

We realized that we had to name this thing that Alexander discovered.

我们觉得有必要给这个Alexander发现的东西命名

How about Zander's Crevice? No.

是不是叫桑德缝隙呢？不好

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So we finally decided on Alexander's Siq.

最后我们决定将其以Alexander命名

Zander's Siq is named after -- some of you have been to Petra,

桑德缝隙——假如你去过Petra的话

there's this wonderful slot canyon that leads into Petra

那里是一个非常美丽的狭长地带，它通向Petra

called the Siq, and so this is the Siq.

名字叫Siq，这就是

And it really is hidden. I can't find it in this image,

它真的是隐藏起来的，在地图上看不到的

and I'm not sure you can.

不知你们能否找到

Only when you get fresh snow can you see just along the rim there,

只有等到雪后刚过的时候，你才会看到这种轮缘

and that brings it out.

这时它才能被发现

Now, Danny and I were up at this same area one day,

有一天，Danny和我到了同一个地方

and Danny looked over to the right

Danny看了看右手边

and noticed something halfway up the cliffs,

看到悬崖的半空中

which is a kind of a porch or a cliff shelf with bristlecones on it,

那里就是如一个小平面，上面有些古勒果松

and supposed that people going up to the clock inside the mountain

设想一下，假如有人从山里面去寻找万年钟

could come out onto that shelf and look down at the view.

他们可能来到这里，并且被那松树吸引探出头来

And the people toiling up the mountain could see them,

那些想登到山顶的人能看得到他们

these tiny little people up there, incredibly halfway up the cliff.

这些看上去很小的人在那里，就悬在半空

How did they get there? Do I have to do that?

他们是怎么去到那里的？我是不是也要那样做？

And so that maybe becomes part of the draw and part of the labyrinth.

那也许就是万年钟带给游人的吸引力与神秘感之一

You can get another angle on Danny's porch

这里是另一个视角

by going around to the south and looking north at the whole formation there.

绕到是南部，然后向北部去看整个山景

And you need to know that Danny's clock is to be kept accurate

要知道，Danny的钟是要校对准时的

by a ray of sunshine, that perfect noon hitting it every sunny day,

这依靠每个晴天正好在中午的太阳光照射

and the pulse of heat from that sets off a solar trigger

那样一股热就足以驱动一个太阳能的控制器

which resets the clock to make it perfectly accurate.

那个装置就会把时间调整过来，使时间完全正确

So even with the slowing of the rotation of the earth and so on,

所以即使地球自转速度变慢了

the clock will keep perfectly good time.

那个钟依然会准时的

So here we're looking from the south, look north.

这是从南部、从北部望过去的照片

This is all Forest Service land. If you go up on top of those cliffs,

这里是森林植被的领地。假如你登上这些悬崖的顶端

that's some of the Long Now land in those trees.

会看到在森林中的长久基金会基地

And if you go up there and look back, then you'll get a sense of

假如你再往上走，回头来看，你会体会到

what the view starts to be like from the top of the mountain.

“一览众山小”的感觉

That's the long view. That's 80 miles to the horizon.

这就是长距离的视野。这里离地平线有八万英里

And that's also timberline and those bristlecones really are shrubs.

这也是林木线所在，这里的古勒果松则确实是灌木

That's a different place to be. It's 11,400 feet and it's exquisite.

那是很不一样的地方。那里高11400英尺，景色非常壮观

Now, if you go over to the right from this image to looking at the edge of the cliffs,

假如你仔细看这幅图的右边，特别是悬崖的边缘

it's 600 foot, just about a yard to the left of Kurt Bollacker's foot,

有600英尺高，在Kurt Bollacker腿左边一步之遥

there is a 600-foot drop. He's ambling on over to Zander's Siq.

600英尺垂直落下，他正慢慢的走到桑德缝隙 边上

That's what it looks like looking down it.

往下看的时候就是这个样子

We should probably put in a rail or something.

我想我们也许应该在那里放一围栏或之类的东西

Over on the eastern side it's gentle, as you can see.

山的东峦则相对平缓得多

And that's not snow -- that's what the white limestone looks like.

注意，那可不是雪，而是白色的钟乳石

You also see there a bighorn sheep.

你还能看到一只长着很长的棱角的绵羊

Their herd was reintroduced from Wyoming.

这些是从怀俄明州重新引进过来的

And they're doing pretty well, but they've got a bit of trouble.

它们在这边过得挺好的，但它现处于困难的境地

This is Danny Hillis, and he's figuring out a design problem.

Danny Hillis正在那里寻找着一个设计问题的答案

he's trying to determine if where he is on a bit of Long Now land

他在想那里算不算是长久基金会的地

would appear from down in the valley to be the actual peak of the mountain.

看起来从峡谷底下算起都是山顶

because the real peak is hidden around the corner.

因为真正的山顶是在一个隐蔽的角落里的

This is what in the infantry we used to call the military crest.

我们过去在部队里管那叫部队峰顶

And as it turned out the answer is, yes,

这个问题的答案是肯定的

that is from down below in the valley it does look like the peak,

从峡谷深处望出来可以看到，这一块还是山峰

and that might be conjured with.

是人的视觉错误而已

We gradually realized we have three serious design domains to work on with this.

所以我们在这里就遇到了三个设计难题

One is the experience of the mountain.

一是关于高山的体验

Another is the experience in the mountain.

二是山里头的体验

And the third is the experience from the mountain,

第三个就是来自高山的体验

which is really dominated by the view shed

第三点完全受到峡谷底下狭隘的观察视角的局限

of the spring valley there behind Danny,

Danny 后面是河溪谷

and if you look off to the right, out there,

要是你往右边看

15 miles across to the Schell Creek range.

在离斯耐尔小溪 15英里以外的地方

In the front, there are 10 ranches strung right along the base of the mountains

可以看到在大山脚下散布着10个农场

using the water from the mountains.

其水源就来自于山间

In fact, there are artesian wells where water springs right into the air.

在那你甚至还能看到地下水崩涌而出呢

One of the ranches is called the Kirkeby Ranch,

其中一个农场叫Kirkeby农场

and I'll take you there for a minute.

等下就会介绍

It's a very nice ranch.

那里很漂亮

Alfalfa and cattle, run by Paul and Ronnie Brenham,

处处都能看到紫花苜蓿和奶牛的踪迹，它是由Paul 和Ronnie Brenham共同经营的

and it's pretty idyllic. It's also hard work.

田园风光很美，但他们干这活也是挺辛苦的

And most of these ranches are having trouble keeping going.

很多农场存在着维持下去的难题

This is their view to the west of the Schell Creek range.

这是从农场上看斯耐尔小溪之西岸景色

And if you go out to that line of trees at the far end,

假如你去到远方的树林边

you'll see what the valley used to look like.

还能看得到过去的峡谷是怎样的

This is Rocky Mountain junipers that have been there for thousands of years.

这是刺柏，它们长在洛基山已有数千年时间了

And a scheme emerged that Long Now is looking to see

长久基金会正在考虑是否有可能买下

if it might be possible to buy up the whole valley,

这个峡谷地区的整一块地

because those 10 ranches with their 17,000 acres

因为那十个农场包括17000英亩的土地

dominate a 500 square mile valley with their grazing allotments and so on,

覆盖了500平方英里的矿区峡谷

and there's a possibility that you could get the whole thing

我们认为有可能用五百万美金买下这里整一块地

for five million dollars and gradually restore it to its wild condition,

而后使其逐步恢复到原貌

and somewhere in the process turn it back over to the National Park,

在适当的时候，将其转变为国家公园

and it would double the size of Great Basin National Park. That would be swell.

这样就可以使得大盘地国家公园的面积增加一倍。那就太棒了

OK, let's take one more look at the mountain itself.

好吧，我们再看看这大山一眼吧

The clock experience should be profound,

这样一个探寻万年钟的过程应该是能够给人带来深刻体会的

but from the outside it should be invisible.

可是，人们在外面是不会体验到这点的

Now, at the base of the high cliffs there's this natural cave.

在悬崖的底部，有一个天然的洞穴

It's only about 12 feet deep, but what if it were deepened from inside?

只有12英尺深 但里面是否曾经是深拓过？

You excavated from somewhere, came up from inside and deepened it.

你可以自己去开掘，走到里头去，接着深挖

And then you could have an entrance

你可能找到一个出口

which was very rough and narrow as you first went in,

一开始的时候很简陋

that gradually becomes more refined and then actually quite exquisite.

可是慢慢的会变得更光滑更具美感

And this stone takes a perfect polish.

这块石头则显然被很多人踩过

You'd have a polished set of passages and chambers in there

你要经过很多关才能最终去到

eventually leading to the 10,000 year clock.

万年钟所在地

And it's not a mine. This would be a nuanced evocation

这里不是一个矿井，这是一个精心设计的鬼魂召唤,

of the basic structure of the mountain,

基于这座大山的基本结构

and you would be appreciating it as much from inside as you do from outside.

到了里面，你的欣赏感觉决不亚于在外面对大山的欣赏

This is architecture not made by building,

这样的建筑艺术是大楼所做不到的

but by what you very carefully take away.

是你非常仔细的开发过程中才能达到的

So that's what the mountain taught us.

这就是大山带给我们的智慧

Most of the amazingness of the clock

万年钟最迷人的地方

we can borrow from the amazingness of the mountain.

也是借由神秘大山才得以体现

All we have to do is highlight its spectacular features and blend in with them.

我们所做的，就是勾勒出其壮观的部分，并使之与大山相溶

It's not a clock in a mountain -- it's a mountain clock.

这不是一个大山里的时钟，而是一个以大山为主体的时钟

Now, the Tewa Indians in the Southwest have a saying

西南方土著特瓦族印第安人这么一句谚语：

for what you need to do when you want to think long term about anything.

你要做事之时应该考虑到长远的未来，

They say, "pin peya obe" -- welcome to the mountain.

土著语是 "pin peya obe" -- 欢迎来到大山

Thank you.

谢谢大家

(Applause)

（鼓掌）