Juan Enriquez: A personal plea for humanity at the US-Mexico border | TED

翻译人员: Jiasi Hao 校对人员: Cissy Yun

This one's personal.

这是一个非常个人的演讲。

I know what it's like to have the government say,

我知道这是一个什么感受，

当政府告诉你： “我们明早就要把你杀了。”

"We're going to kill you in the morning."

I know what it's like to leave a country on six hours' notice

我知道当接到通知，

被要求在6小时内离开国家，

and land on someone's couch.

以及睡在别人家沙发上 是什么感觉。

Because of that, I wrote a book

因为这些经历，我写了本书，

on why countries do well and why they don't.

关于为什么有些国家治理得好， 而有些国家不，

Let me summarize 250 pages.

让我总结一下这250页。

Countries have to be compassionate,

国家需要有怜悯之心，

they have to be kind,

他们应当善良，

they have to be smart, they have to be brave.

他们应当聪慧，

他们应当勇敢。

Want to know what doesn't work?

想要知道什么行不通？

When you govern through fear and you govern through cruelty,

当国家利用恐惧、 使用残暴来统治，

it just doesn't work.

这就是行不通的。

You can play Genghis Khan for a while,

你可以充当一会儿成吉思汗，

you can play Stalin for a while,

你可以假装一会儿斯大林，

you can play Pinochet for a while.

你可以扮演一会儿皮诺切特，

It does not work in the long run.

但这都不能长久。

And it doesn't work in the long run

这不是长久之计，

because to govern through fear and cruelty,

是因为为使用恐惧和暴力来统治，

you have to create a division.

你需要建立一条“鸿沟”，

You have to take big chunks of the country and convince them

你需要占领大块国家土地， 并且说服他们：

that they're not like them.

你们和他们不一样。

That they shouldn't associate with them,

你们不应该和他们往来，

they shouldn't talk to them.

你们不应该和他们说话，

That those people are nasty,

他们是令人厌恶的下等人，

those people are criminals, those people are rapists.

他们是罪犯， 他们是强暴者。

And the country is in danger because of them.

因为他们， 国家正处于危难。

And if you spend millions of dollars doing that in your country,

如果你花费千万人民币做这事，

you will make enemies abroad,

你会在国外树敌，

and you will create divisions within.

你也会在国内建立无数分歧。

And that has consequences.

这是有后果的。

Three quarters of the flags and the borders and the anthems

今天的联合国中，

有3/4的国旗、国界和国歌

around the United Nations today,

they were not there a few decades ago.

在几十年前，是没有的。

Those lines that are there today,

如今，那些国界线的存在，

those flags were created because somebody said,

那些旗帜的出现，

是因为有人说：

"the Scotts are not like us,"

“苏格兰人不是我们”，

"the Welsh are not like us,"

“威尔士人不属于我们”，

"the Basques are not like us,"

“巴斯克人和我们不一样”，

"the northern Italians are not like us,"

“北意大利人有别于我们”，

"the Muslims are not like us,"

“穆斯林和我们没有关系”，

the blacks, the whites, the Christians.

黑人、白人，基督徒。

You create "us versus them" ...

你建立起“我们 vs. 他们”这一概念

you destroy nations.

便可摧毁国家。

Part of the problem from creating us versus them

建立“我们 vs. 他们” 有部分问题

is it's hard to do.

很难做到。

What you have to do

你要做的

is you have to make people believe absurdities.

是让大家相信荒诞谬论，

And once people believe absurdities,

一旦大家开始相信荒诞谬论，

then they start to commit atrocities.

他们开始实施暴行，

That's the dynamic of this thing.

这就是这件事的动力因素。

You can't create "us versus them" --

你不能建立“我们 vs. 他们”，

you can't have the massacres you had in Rwanda,

卢旺达不会发生大屠杀，

you can't have the massacres you had in Yugoslavia --

南斯拉夫也不会进行杀戮，

unless if you create this dynamic.

除非，你建立这个动力因素。

Let me summarize current immigration policy.

让我总结一下当前的移民政策。

Let's deter "Them"

我们一起威慑“他们”吧！

by being as cruel as we can possibly be,

只要我们变得尽可能残忍，

and let's target their children.

并且针对他们的孩子，

They are going after the children.

在针对他们的孩子啊！

You have US lawyers arguing that kids do not need

你有美国律师在辩论：

孩子们不需要肥皂、拥抱或淋浴，

soap or hugs or showers,

adult help or a release date.

大人的帮助或出狱日期。

Somebody gets pulled over for a broken tail light,

有在这里工作了20年的人

who's worked here for 20 years,

因为尾灯坏了， 在路边被警察叫停，

gets thrown into jail,

最终被送进监狱，

maybe for life,

没有法律代表，

with no legal representation.

可能意味着终身监禁。

The terrorists that blew up the World Trade Center get lawyers.

炸毁世贸中心的 恐怖分子请了律师，

These kids, these parents, they don't get lawyers.

但那些孩子和父母没有。

Governments are telling

政府对

some of the most desperate, hurt people on earth,

世上一些最绝望的 最受伤害的人说

"I took your child, pay me 800 dollars for a DNA test before you get it back."

“我劫持了你的孩子， 给我八百美金做亲子鉴定，

我再把孩子还你”。

Three-year-olds are appearing in court.

三岁的孩子出现在法庭上。

Look, we've all watched these courtroom dramas.

我们都看过法庭剧，

And it's exciting,

非常刺激，

because the wise judge sits up there,

因为明察善断的法官正襟危坐，

and the defense lawyer attacks

被告律师辩护，

and the prosecutor counterattacks,

检察官反击，

and then you figure out how it's going to happen.

于是你能猜测到接下来的剧情。

I want you to understand what is happening right now.

我想让你理解现在正在发生的事，

Prosecutor's there -- it's the tough prosecutor.

那里的检察官，

是铁石心肠的检察官

Accusing, attacking, on behalf of we the people.

代表我们人民，进行指控、辩论。

The judge is up there, Judge Muckety-muck,

高高在上的法官，官高爵显，

with his black robes,

身着黑色长袍，

and he's questioning the defendant

质问着被告人，

from up there.

在高台上。

And the defendant is three years old

被告人，三岁，

and the eyes don't reach the side of the table.

眼睛还不及桌面高度，

The defendant does not speak the language.

不会说英语。

The earphones for the translator have fallen off the defendant's head,

被告人戴的翻译耳机掉了下来，

because there are no headphones for three-year-olds in US courtrooms,

因为在美国的法庭上

没有给三岁小孩的耳机，

because they are not supposed to defend themselves.

因为他们根本还不该为自己辩护！

This makes a mockery of justice,

这是对司法审判的嘲弄，

it makes a mockery of the prosecution system,

这是对公诉制度的嘲笑，

it makes a mockery of who we are as a nation.

这是对我们作为一个国家的嘲讽。

These are absurdities.

这些荒诞谬论，

These are atrocities.

这些暴行，

This is unbelievable.

是令人难以置信的。

And we're looking at a bunch of statistics,

我们看着大量统计数据，

but I want you to understand,

但我想要你明白，

this is happening to the housekeeper who brought up your kids.

这正发生在 抚养你孩子的管家身上，

This is happening to the gardener who took care of your house.

帮你打理房子的园丁，

This is happening to the guy who washed the dishes

你上周去的 高级餐厅里的洗碗工

in the fancy restaurant you went to last week.

This is happening to the people who deliver the newspaper in the mornings.

今早给你送报纸的人身上。

This is your community,

这是你的社区，

these are the people who have lived side by side with you.

这些是与你一起生活的人。

Treated you well,

他们对你很好，

treated you with respect,

他们尊重你，

taken care of your kids,

照顾你的孩子，

taken care of your grandparents.

照顾你的祖父母，

This is Luis, this is Laura,

这是路易斯，这是劳拉，

this is Jaime.

这是杰米。

This isn't some abstract,

这不是什么抽象的个别情况，

"Oh, it's happening at the border" --

“哦，这发生在国界线那”——

this is happening in our community, right now.

这正发生在你的社区， 就是现在！

And the danger in this stuff

这其中的危险是，

is once you start normalizing absurdities and atrocities,

你一旦常规化这些谬论和暴行，

people think that those instruments are legitimate.

人们便会认为 那些处理方式合理合法。

So you get school boards sending out letters like this:

所以你会收到校董的来信：

"Dear Parent,

“亲爱的家长，

because your kid owes lunch money to the cafeteria,

你的孩子因为欠学校餐厅午饭钱，

the result may be that your child will be taken away

所以他可能会被带走，

and put in foster care."

送到寄养家庭。“

This is going out from school boards

这样的信件将会从校董发出，

because people think,

因为人们认为

"Well, that seems to be an instrument of deterrence."

“嗯...这看起来是一个威慑方式”。

When you board an airplane,

当你登机的时候，

before kids, before first class,

在孩子，和头等舱旅客之前，

soldiers in uniform board.

身着制服的士兵优先登机。

Some of them are immigrants.

其中的一些，是移民。

Here's a contract: join the army,

这里是一份合同：参军，

serve your term, be honorably discharged,

任职服务，光荣退伍，

get citizenship.

获得公民身份。

We are rescinding those contracts

他们签订合同后，

after they have been signed.

我们开始千方百计解除它。

And if those soldiers are killed in action,

如果那些士兵殉职，

we are deporting their wives, and sometimes, their children.

我们就把他们的妻子驱逐出境，

有时包括他们的孩子。

These are the people who protect us.

这些是保护我们的人，

These are the people that we honor.

这些是我们赋予荣誉的人，

These are the brave.

他们是勇士，

And this is how we're treating them.

然而这是我们对待他们的方式。

These are not the people who cross the border illegally.

他们不是非法跨越国界线的人。

Once you start allowing this kind of behavior,

可你一旦允许该行为的“非法性”，

it normalizes into a society, and it rips the society apart.

它将会被社会常规化，

也将把社会弄得四分五裂。

Countries are built on the hard work and grit of immigrants;

国家是建立在 移民的辛苦劳动和毅力勇气上的，

we are all immigrants.

我们都是移民，

We just came at different times.

我们只是在不同的时间来到这里。

Fifty-five percent of this country's main businesses,

这个国家55%的主要公司，

国内最成功的公司，那些天之骄子

the most successful businesses in this country, the unicorns,

are built by people who came as foreign students or as immigrants,

它们的创办者或共同创办者

and they're the founders or the cofounders.

都主要由外国学生或移民担任的。

Well, here's what's happened over the last three years

但在过去三年里，

to the best brains in the world.

这才是世界最强大脑们的 真正待遇：

Forty-two percent of them did not get visas

其中42%的人，没有拿到签证，

or chose not to get visas.

或是选择不申请签证。

This is how you wipe out an economy.

这是你如何打击经济的。

This isn't about kids and borders.

这无关乎于孩子和国界，

It's about us.

这关于我们。

This is about who we are, who we the people are,

这关乎于我们是谁，

关乎于我们人民是谁，

as a nation and as individuals.

在一个国家和无数个人的层面上，

This is not an abstract debate.

这不是抽象的辩论。

A lot of us like to think

我们很多人喜欢想：

if we had been back when Hitler was rising to power,

如果我们身处于 希特勒掌权的时候，

we would have been out in the street,

我们肯定会走上街头，

we would have opposed him, we would have stopped Mengele.

我们肯定会反对他，

我们肯定会阻止门格勒。

A lot of us like to think,

我们很多人喜欢想：

if we had been around during the '60s,

如果我们身处于 上世纪60年代，

we would have been with the Freedom Riders.

我们必将于出现在 自由乘车运动者的队伍中，

We would have been at that bridge in Selma.

我们必将出现在 赛尔马桥的游行人群中。

Well, guess what?

但你猜怎么着？

Here's your chance.

这里有个机会，

It's now.

就是现在。

And as you're thinking about this stuff,

当你在思考这件事的时候，

it's not just the giant acts,

这不仅是个壮举，

it's not just go and block the bridge

这不仅是去堵塞那座桥，

or chain yourself to something.

或是把你自己捆绑在某个东西上，

It's what you do in your daily lives.

而应该是你每天都在做的事情。

The Harvard Art Museum just opened a show

哈佛美术馆刚举办了一个特展，

on how artists think about immigration and building a home somewhere else.

是关于艺术家们对移民， 以及在其他地方安居的想法。

And people come out of that show and they're pretty shaken.

看完展览的观众

都表示很震撼。

There was a blank wall at the end.

展览最后有一面白墙，

And the curators did something that usually doesn't happen --

策展人做了一件不同寻常的事：

they improvised.

即兴创作。

They drew four lines, and put in two words:

他们画了4条线，写了3个字：

"I belong."

“我属于”。

So you come out of this exhibit,

所以当你看完展览出来的时候，

and you can take a picture in front of it.

你可以在这墙前拍照。

I can't tell you the impact that has on people --

我无法告诉你 这对于人们有多大影响。

I watched people come out of this,

我看到人们出来，

and some of them sat in front of that picture,

有的坐在了那副画面前，

took a picture, and they had a great, big grin on their face,

拍了张照， 脸上露出灿烂的笑容；

and some people just had tears.

有的面带泪光；

Some people hugged and brought in strangers,

有的相拥，

把陌生人揽入臂弯，

others brought in their family.

其他人把家人纳入怀中。

Small acts of kindness go a long, long, long way.

小小的善举， 却能持续那么久，那么久。

There is pain going on in your community

在你的社区，疼痛正在上演，

like you cannot believe.

这是你无法相信的。

So next time you're with a cab driver who may be one of "Them,"

所以下次打车，

对某些人来说 是“他们”中一员的出租车司机，

according to certain people,

give that person an extra five bucks.

多给他一些零钱。

Next time you see a hotel maid,

下次你看到酒店打扫人员，

thank her and tip her double.

记得感谢她，多给她些小费。

Next time you see your gardener,

下次你看到家中园丁，

you see your nanny,

看到你家保姆，

you see somebody like this,

看到任何一个类似处境的人，

give them a great, big hug, and tell them they belong.

给他们一个大大的拥抱，

并告诉他们“你属于这里”，

让他们感到“我们属于这里”。

Make them feel like they belong.

It's time for big policies,

是时候制定重大政策了，

but it's also time for big acts of kindness.

也是时候做出巨大善举了。

Because we have to reclaim who we are,

因为我们必须回归本我，

we have to reclaim this nation.

我们必须把这个国家恢复原样。

(Voice breaking) And we cannot sit there

（声音哽咽） 我们不能坐以待毙

and watch this shit going on.

看着这个“鸿沟”一直加深。

This has got to stop, it's got to stop now.

这必须停止， 现在必须停止！

Thank you.

谢谢！

(Applause)

（掌声）