Juan Enriquez: A personal plea for humanity at the US-Mexico border | TED

32,809 views ・ 2019-11-01

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Meng Xiang
00:14
This one's personal.
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這是場帶有很重個人色彩的演說。
00:17
I know what it's like to have the government say,
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我知道,當聽到政府說:
00:20
"We're going to kill you in the morning."
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「明天早上我們會殺了你。」 是什麼感覺。
00:24
I know what it's like to leave a country on six hours' notice
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我知道,接到通知被要求 在六小時內離開國家,
00:27
and land on someone's couch.
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只能睡別人家沙發的感覺。
00:29
Because of that, I wrote a book
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因此,我寫了一本書,
00:31
on why countries do well and why they don't.
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談了談國家經營得好與不好的原因。
00:35
Let me summarize 250 pages.
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讓我把那兩百五十頁做個總結。
00:37
Countries have to be compassionate,
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這個國家必須要有同情心, 必須要善良,
00:39
they have to be kind,
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00:40
they have to be smart, they have to be brave.
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必須要聰明,必須要勇敢。
00:43
Want to know what doesn't work?
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想知道怎樣是行不通的嗎?
00:45
When you govern through fear and you govern through cruelty,
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透過恐懼,透過殘忍來治理國家,
00:48
it just doesn't work.
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這是行不通的。
00:50
You can play Genghis Khan for a while,
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你可以暫時扮演成吉思汗,
00:51
you can play Stalin for a while,
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你可以暫時扮演史達林, 暫時扮演皮諾契特,
00:53
you can play Pinochet for a while.
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00:55
It does not work in the long run.
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但長期就行不通了。
00:58
And it doesn't work in the long run
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長期之所以行不通,
01:00
because to govern through fear and cruelty,
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是因為要透過恐懼和殘忍 來治理國家的話,
01:03
you have to create a division.
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就不得不創造出分裂。
01:05
You have to take big chunks of the country and convince them
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你得要說服人數多的族群,
01:08
that they're not like them.
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說他們和其他人不同。
01:11
That they shouldn't associate with them,
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不該和非我族類拉上關係, 不該和他們說話。
01:13
they shouldn't talk to them.
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01:15
That those people are nasty,
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這些人很下流,他們是罪犯,
01:16
those people are criminals, those people are rapists.
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他們是強暴犯。
01:20
And the country is in danger because of them.
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因為他們的存在,國家陷入危險。
01:24
And if you spend millions of dollars doing that in your country,
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如果你在你的國家中 花數百萬美金來這麼做,
01:28
you will make enemies abroad,
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出則敵國外患,
01:32
and you will create divisions within.
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內則四分五裂。
01:35
And that has consequences.
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那是會有很嚴重的後果的。
01:37
Three quarters of the flags and the borders and the anthems
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現今美國周圍四分之三的 旗幟,邊界和國歌,
01:40
around the United Nations today,
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01:41
they were not there a few decades ago.
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幾十年前並不存在。
01:45
Those lines that are there today,
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現今,會有那些邊界,
01:47
those flags were created because somebody said,
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會有那些國旗,是因為有人說:
01:49
"the Scotts are not like us,"
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「蘇格蘭人和我們不同」, 「威爾斯人和我們不同」,
01:51
"the Welsh are not like us,"
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01:52
"the Basques are not like us,"
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「巴斯克人和我們不同」, 「北義大利人和我們不同」,
01:54
"the northern Italians are not like us,"
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01:56
"the Muslims are not like us,"
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「穆斯林和我們不同」,
01:57
the blacks, the whites, the Christians.
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黑人,白人,基督徒。
02:01
You create "us versus them" ...
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當「我們 」和 「他們」的 區別意識出現,
02:04
you destroy nations.
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國家就會分崩離析。
02:07
Part of the problem from creating us versus them
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問題是,創造「我們 」 與「 他們」的區別意識是很難的。
02:09
is it's hard to do.
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02:12
What you have to do
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你要做的是 讓大家相信荒誕無比的事。
02:13
is you have to make people believe absurdities.
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02:17
And once people believe absurdities,
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一旦大家相信了荒誕之事,
02:19
then they start to commit atrocities.
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他們就會開始犯下暴行。
02:22
That's the dynamic of this thing.
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它的運作動能就是如此。
02:23
You can't create "us versus them" --
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如果你無法創造出「我們 」 與「他們」的區別意識——
02:26
you can't have the massacres you had in Rwanda,
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就不可能有盧安達的大屠殺,
02:28
you can't have the massacres you had in Yugoslavia --
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就不可能有南斯拉夫的大屠殺——
02:31
unless if you create this dynamic.
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除非你創造出了這種動能。
02:34
Let me summarize current immigration policy.
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讓我總結一下目前的移民政策。
02:36
Let's deter "Them"
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我們要威懾「他們」,
02:38
by being as cruel as we can possibly be,
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手法越殘酷越好;
02:41
and let's target their children.
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讓我們把他們的孩子作為目標。
02:45
They are going after the children.
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他們要對付孩子。
02:49
You have US lawyers arguing that kids do not need
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有律師忙著做出
02:52
soap or hugs or showers,
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「孩子不需要肥皂、擁抱、淋浴、
02:54
adult help or a release date.
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成人的協助或者釋放日期」的主張。
02:57
Somebody gets pulled over for a broken tail light,
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有人因為車尾燈壞掉而被攔下,
02:59
who's worked here for 20 years,
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他在這裡工作了二十年,
03:02
gets thrown into jail,
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卻被丟到監獄,
03:04
maybe for life,
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也許會在那裡待上一生,
03:05
with no legal representation.
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而他卻沒有法律顧問。
03:07
The terrorists that blew up the World Trade Center get lawyers.
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那些炸掉世貿大樓的 恐怖分子都有律師。
03:11
These kids, these parents, they don't get lawyers.
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而這些孩子、這些父母, 他們沒有律師。
03:15
Governments are telling
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政府告訴這些可能是 地球上最絕望、最受傷的人:
03:17
some of the most desperate, hurt people on earth,
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03:19
"I took your child, pay me 800 dollars for a DNA test before you get it back."
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「我要帶走你的孩子,
要回來之前要先付我 八百美金的 DNA 檢測費。」
03:24
Three-year-olds are appearing in court.
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三歲的孩子們出現在法庭上。
03:27
Look, we've all watched these courtroom dramas.
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我們都看過法庭電影,
03:31
And it's exciting,
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他們都很令人興奮。
03:32
because the wise judge sits up there,
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因為電影中有明智的法官坐在那裡,
03:35
and the defense lawyer attacks
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辯方律師攻擊,
03:37
and the prosecutor counterattacks,
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控方則反擊,
03:39
and then you figure out how it's going to happen.
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接著你便能猜出後續會如何發展。
03:42
I want you to understand what is happening right now.
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我希望各位能了解現在的狀況。
03:47
Prosecutor's there -- it's the tough prosecutor.
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那裡的檢察官——很強勢。
03:52
Accusing, attacking, on behalf of we the people.
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他們代表我們人民來指控、攻擊。
03:57
The judge is up there, Judge Muckety-muck,
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上頭的法官,神氣活現的大人物,
03:59
with his black robes,
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穿著黑袍,
04:02
and he's questioning the defendant
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他高高在上地質疑
04:04
from up there.
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04:07
And the defendant is three years old
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僅僅三歲的被告,
04:09
and the eyes don't reach the side of the table.
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而被告的眼睛都沒有桌面高。
04:14
The defendant does not speak the language.
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被告不會說他們的語言。
04:17
The earphones for the translator have fallen off the defendant's head,
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被告戴在頭上的 翻譯耳機掉落下來,
04:22
because there are no headphones for three-year-olds in US courtrooms,
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因為美國法庭上沒有 適合三歲小孩用的耳機,
04:28
because they are not supposed to defend themselves.
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因為他們根本不應該為自己辯護。
04:33
This makes a mockery of justice,
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這顯得司法很可笑,
04:34
it makes a mockery of the prosecution system,
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這顯得檢察制度很可笑,
04:37
it makes a mockery of who we are as a nation.
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這顯得我們這個國家很可笑。
04:40
These are absurdities.
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這些都很荒誕。
04:42
These are atrocities.
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這些都是暴行。
04:43
This is unbelievable.
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讓人無法置信的暴行。
04:45
And we're looking at a bunch of statistics,
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我們看著的是一堆統計數字,
04:47
but I want you to understand,
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但我希望各位知道,
04:49
this is happening to the housekeeper who brought up your kids.
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這樣的事情發生在 將你的孩子帶大的女傭身上。
04:55
This is happening to the gardener who took care of your house.
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這樣的事情發生在 照料你的房子的園丁身上。
05:00
This is happening to the guy who washed the dishes
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這樣的事情發生在
幫上週你造訪的高檔 餐廳洗碗的人身上。
05:02
in the fancy restaurant you went to last week.
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05:07
This is happening to the people who deliver the newspaper in the mornings.
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這樣的事情發生在 早上送報紙的人身上。
05:10
This is your community,
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這是你所在的社區,
05:12
these are the people who have lived side by side with you.
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這些人就住在你附近。
05:17
Treated you well,
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他們對你很好,他們尊重你,
05:18
treated you with respect,
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05:19
taken care of your kids,
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照顧你的孩子,照顧你的祖父母。
05:21
taken care of your grandparents.
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05:22
This is Luis, this is Laura,
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這是路易斯,這是蘿拉,
05:25
this is Jaime.
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這是海米。
05:26
This isn't some abstract,
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這並不是抽象的:「喔, 這是邊界那邊的事」——
05:28
"Oh, it's happening at the border" --
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05:30
this is happening in our community, right now.
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這現在就發生在我們的社區內。
05:35
And the danger in this stuff
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這背後的危險是
05:37
is once you start normalizing absurdities and atrocities,
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一旦人們開始把荒誕和暴行正常化,
05:40
people think that those instruments are legitimate.
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大家會認為這些手段是合法的。
05:43
So you get school boards sending out letters like this:
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所以學校董事會會寄 像這樣的信給你:
05:46
"Dear Parent,
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「親愛的學生家長,
05:47
because your kid owes lunch money to the cafeteria,
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因為你的孩子欠餐廳午餐錢,
05:52
the result may be that your child will be taken away
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所以你的孩子會被帶走,
05:54
and put in foster care."
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交由寄養照顧。」
05:56
This is going out from school boards
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這訊息來自學校董事會, 因為大家認為:
05:58
because people think,
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05:59
"Well, that seems to be an instrument of deterrence."
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「嗯,那似乎是威懾的手段。」
06:05
When you board an airplane,
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當你登上飛機,
06:08
before kids, before first class,
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穿制服的士兵比孩子、頭等艙乘客
06:12
soldiers in uniform board.
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都早登機。
06:15
Some of them are immigrants.
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他們中有些人是移民。
06:18
Here's a contract: join the army,
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合約如下:加入軍隊,
06:21
serve your term, be honorably discharged,
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服滿役期,光榮退役,
06:23
get citizenship.
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取得公民權。
06:26
We are rescinding those contracts
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可我們在那些合約簽署後,
06:28
after they have been signed.
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廢除了這些合約。
06:31
And if those soldiers are killed in action,
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如果那些士兵陣亡在戰場,
06:33
we are deporting their wives, and sometimes, their children.
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我們會驅逐他們的妻子, 有時連孩子一起驅逐。
06:37
These are the people who protect us.
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他們是在保護我們的人。
06:39
These are the people that we honor.
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他們是我們應該給予尊敬的人。
06:42
These are the brave.
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他們是勇敢的人。
06:43
And this is how we're treating them.
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而這卻是我們對待他們的方式。
06:45
These are not the people who cross the border illegally.
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他們並不是非法通過邊界的人。
06:48
Once you start allowing this kind of behavior,
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一旦你開始容許這種行為發生,
06:51
it normalizes into a society, and it rips the society apart.
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它就會被正常化,融入社會, 讓這個社會四分五裂。
06:57
Countries are built on the hard work and grit of immigrants;
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國家是靠移民的努力勤勉 和膽識而建造起來的;
07:00
we are all immigrants.
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我們都是移民。
07:02
We just came at different times.
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我們只是來的時間不一樣。
07:04
Fifty-five percent of this country's main businesses,
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這個國家的主要企業,
這個國家中最成功的企業,最頂尖的 那些企業,當中有有 55%
07:09
the most successful businesses in this country, the unicorns,
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07:13
are built by people who came as foreign students or as immigrants,
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是由以外國學生或移民身分 來到這個國家的人所建造的,
07:17
and they're the founders or the cofounders.
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他們是創辦人或共同創辦人。
07:19
Well, here's what's happened over the last three years
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在過去三年,全世界最聰明的人們
07:22
to the best brains in the world.
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遭遇了這樣子的狀況。
07:24
Forty-two percent of them did not get visas
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他們當中有 42% 無法取得簽證,
07:27
or chose not to get visas.
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或選擇不要取得簽證。
07:29
This is how you wipe out an economy.
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這就是人們摧毀經濟的方式。
07:31
This isn't about kids and borders.
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重點不是孩子和邊界。
07:34
It's about us.
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重點是我們。
07:37
This is about who we are, who we the people are,
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重點是,在國家及個人的層級上
07:41
as a nation and as individuals.
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我們是誰、我們人民是誰。
07:44
This is not an abstract debate.
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這不是一場十分抽象的辯論。
07:49
A lot of us like to think
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我們很多人會想,
07:52
if we had been back when Hitler was rising to power,
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如果我們回到希特勒掌權的時候,
07:56
we would have been out in the street,
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我們會走上街頭,
07:57
we would have opposed him, we would have stopped Mengele.
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我們會反對他, 我們會阻止門格勒。
08:00
A lot of us like to think,
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我們很多人會想,
08:03
if we had been around during the '60s,
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如果我們在六○年代, 我們會支持自由乘車運動者。
08:05
we would have been with the Freedom Riders.
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08:07
We would have been at that bridge in Selma.
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我們會走上塞爾瑪的橋。
08:09
Well, guess what?
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嗯,猜猜如何?
08:11
Here's your chance.
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你的機會來了。
08:13
It's now.
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就是現在。
08:14
And as you're thinking about this stuff,
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當你去思考這些時,
08:17
it's not just the giant acts,
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重點不是偉大的行為, 重點不是去阻擋橋樑,
08:19
it's not just go and block the bridge
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08:21
or chain yourself to something.
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或者把自己鏈在某處。
08:24
It's what you do in your daily lives.
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重點是你在日常生活的所做所為。
08:26
The Harvard Art Museum just opened a show
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哈佛藝術博物館剛開始一個展覽,
08:31
on how artists think about immigration and building a home somewhere else.
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內容是藝術家對移民 以及到其他地方建立家園的看法。
08:35
And people come out of that show and they're pretty shaken.
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離開那個展覽的人都很震驚。
08:38
There was a blank wall at the end.
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最後有一面空白的牆。
08:41
And the curators did something that usually doesn't happen --
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策展人做了一件 通常不會做的事——
08:44
they improvised.
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他們即興創作。
08:46
They drew four lines, and put in two words:
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他們畫了四條線,加上兩個字:
08:49
"I belong."
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「我屬於這裡。」
08:50
So you come out of this exhibit,
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離開這個展覽時, 你可以在它前面照像。
08:52
and you can take a picture in front of it.
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我無法告訴各位 它對大家的影響——
08:54
I can't tell you the impact that has on people --
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08:56
I watched people come out of this,
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我看著人們從展覽出來,
08:59
and some of them sat in front of that picture,
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有些人坐在那張圖前面,
09:01
took a picture, and they had a great, big grin on their face,
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拍了照片,臉上有著大大的笑容,
09:04
and some people just had tears.
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有些人則是在落淚。
09:07
Some people hugged and brought in strangers,
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有些人會擁抱,把陌生人拉進來,
09:09
others brought in their family.
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還有人把家人帶進來。
09:13
Small acts of kindness go a long, long, long way.
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小小的仁慈之舉 能夠持續很久很久。
09:18
There is pain going on in your community
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在你的社區中, 有你無法置信的痛苦存在。
09:20
like you cannot believe.
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09:23
So next time you're with a cab driver who may be one of "Them,"
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所以,下次, 若根據某些人的說法,
當你的計程車司機可能 是「他們」中的一員時,
09:26
according to certain people,
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09:28
give that person an extra five bucks.
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多給那個人五美金。
09:32
Next time you see a hotel maid,
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下次當你碰到飯店的女佣,
09:34
thank her and tip her double.
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謝謝她,給她雙倍小費。
09:37
Next time you see your gardener,
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下次當你碰到你的園丁,
09:40
you see your nanny,
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碰到你的褓姆,
09:42
you see somebody like this,
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碰到這類人士, 給他們一個大擁抱,
09:43
give them a great, big hug, and tell them they belong.
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告訴他們,他們屬於這裡。 讓他們覺得他們屬於這裡。
09:46
Make them feel like they belong.
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09:48
It's time for big policies,
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現在是推出重大政策的時候,也是
09:50
but it's also time for big acts of kindness.
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做出重大仁慈之舉的時候。
09:55
Because we have to reclaim who we are,
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因為我們得要改造我們,
09:57
we have to reclaim this nation.
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我們得要改造這個國家。
09:59
(Voice breaking) And we cannot sit there
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(打斷)我們不能坐在那裡,
10:02
and watch this shit going on.
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看著這種鳥事發生。
10:05
This has got to stop, it's got to stop now.
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這必須要停止, 現在就必須要停止。
10:09
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:10
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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