The age of genetic wonder | Juan Enriquez

翻译人员: psjmz mz 校对人员: Wendy Wu

So let me with start with Roy Amara.

让我从罗伊·阿马拉开始。

Roy's argument is that most new technologies tend to be overestimated

罗伊的观点是， 大多数新技术刚出现时，

in their impact to begin with,

影响力往往被高估了，

and then they get underestimated in the long term

而在长时期内，它们的影响又被低估，

因为我们变得习惯了。

because we get used to them.

These really are days of miracle and wonder.

这真是充满奇迹和想象的日子。

You remember that wonderful song by Paul Simon?

你还记得保罗·西蒙的 那首美妙的歌吗？

There were two lines in it.

里面有两行歌词。

So what was it that was considered miraculous back then?

当时人们认为什么是奇迹呢？

Slowing down things -- slow motion --

放慢速度——慢动作——

and the long-distance call.

还有打长途电话。

Because, of course, you used to get interrupted by operators

因为，你显然曾被接线员打断过，

who'd tell you, "Long distance calling. Do you want to hang up?"

她会告诉你，“长途电话喔， 你想要挂断吗？”

And now we think nothing of calling all over the world.

而今天我们习惯了在全球范围 都可以随时连线。

Well, something similar may be happening

类似的事情也发生在

with reading and programming life.

生命信息阅读和编程领域。

But before I unpack that,

但在我展开前，

let's just talk about telescopes.

让我们来聊聊望远镜。

Telescopes were overestimated originally in their impact.

望远镜起初的影响被高估了。

This is one of Galileo's early models.

这是伽利略早期的模型之一。

People thought it was just going to ruin all religion.

人们认为这会毁了所有的宗教。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So we're not paying that much attention to telescopes.

所以人们并没有 花什么心思研究望远镜。

But, of course, telescopes launched 10 years ago, as you just heard,

不过，你当然也听说了， 10多年前发射的望远镜，

could take this Volkswagen, fly it to the moon,

可以带着这台大众轿车飞到月球上，

and you could see the lights on that Volkswagen light up on the moon.

你可以看到这辆大众汽车的灯 在月球上亮了起来。

And that's the kind of resolution power that allowed you to see

这种程度的分辨率可以让你看到

little specks of dust floating around distant suns.

漂浮在遥远太阳周围的小尘埃。

Imagine for a second that this was a sun a billion light years away,

想象一下，这是10亿光年之外的太阳，

and you had a little speck of dust that came in front of it.

在它前面有一小点灰尘。

That's what detecting an exoplanet is like.

这就是探测系外行星的感觉。

And the cool thing is, the telescopes that are now being launched

很酷的事情在于，如今发射的望远镜

would allow you to see a single candle lit on the moon.

可以让你看到月球上点亮的一根蜡烛。

And if you separated it by one plate,

如果你用盘子把它分开，

you could see two candles separately at that distance.

你可以在那个距离看到两根单独的蜡烛。

And that's the kind of resolution that you need

这就是你开始对太阳周围的

to begin to image that little speck of dust

那一点小尘埃进行成像，

as it comes around the sun

去看看它是不是蓝绿色

and see if it has a blue-green signature.

所需要的特征。

And if it does have a blue-green signature,

如果它确实有蓝绿信号，

这就意味着生命在宇宙中普遍存在。

it means that life is common in the universe.

The first time you ever see a blue-green signature on a distant planet,

你第一次在遥远的星球上 看到蓝绿色的标志，

it means there's photosynthesis there,

这意味着那里有光合作用，

there's water there,

那里有水，

你看到唯一一个除地球外 有光合作用的行星的

and the chances that you saw the only other planet with photosynthesis

are about zero.

几率几乎是零。

And that's a calendar-changing event.

这是一个划时代的事件。

There's a before and after we were alone in the universe:

这是我们在宇宙中是否孤独的分界线：

forget about the discovery of whatever continent.

别去想什么发现新大陆了。

So as you're thinking about this,

思考一下这个问题，

we're now beginning to be able to image most of the universe.

我们现在开始能够描绘大部分的宇宙。

And that is a time of miracle and wonder.

这真是充满奇迹和想象的时代。

And we kind of take that for granted.

我们却有点视为理所当然。

Something similar is happening in life.

类似的事情正发生在生命领域。

So we're hearing about life in these little bits and pieces.

我们不断听到关于生命的碎片信息。

We hear about CRISPR, and we hear about this technology,

我们听说过CRISPR，听说过这项技术，

听说过那项技术。

and we hear about this technology.

But the bottom line on life is that life turns out to be code.

但生命的本质是编码。

And life as code is a really important concept because it means,

生命就是编码 是个非常重要的概念，

just in the same way as you can write a sentence

因为这意味着， 就像你写一个句子一样，

in English or in French or Chinese,

可以用英文或法语或中文，

just in the same way as you can copy a sentence,

就像你可以复制一个句子一样，

just in the same way as you can edit a sentence,

就像你可以修改一个句子一样，

just in the same way as you can print a sentence,

就像你可以打印一个句子一样，

你可以对生命也这样做。

you're beginning to be able to do that with life.

It means that we're beginning to learn how to read this language.

这意味着我们正在开始学习 如何阅读这门语言。

And this, of course, is the language that is used by this orange.

当然，也是这个橙子使用的语言。

So how does this orange execute code?

那这个橙子如何执行编码？

It doesn't do it in ones and zeroes like a computer does.

它不像计算机那样用1，0来表示。

它呆在树上，有一天它会：

It sits on a tree, and one day it does:

plop!

扑通！

And that means: execute.

这意味着：执行。

AATCAAG: make me a little root.

AATCAAG: 生根。

TCGACC: make me a little stem.

TCGACC: 开枝。

GAC: make me some leaves. AGC: make me some flowers.

GAC: 生叶。 AGC: 开花。

And then GCAA: make me some more oranges.

然后GCAA：结更多的橙子。

If I edit a sentence in English on a word processor,

如果我在文字处理软件上 用英文编写句子，

then what happens is you can go from this word to that word.

紧接着你就可以从这个词到那个词。

If I edit something in this orange

如果我在这个橙子中编辑东西，

and put in GCAAC, using CRISPR or something else that you've heard of,

放入GCAAC，使用CRISPR 或其他你听过的技术，

then this orange becomes a lemon,

然后这个橙子变成了柠檬，

or it becomes a grapefruit,

或者变成一个葡萄柚，

or it becomes a tangerine.

或者变成橘子。

And if I edit one in a thousand letters,

如果我编辑千分之一的代码，

you become the person sitting next to you today.

你就会变成今天坐在你旁边的人。

Be more careful where you sit.

多用心看看你要坐在哪里。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

What's happening on this stuff is it was really expensive to begin with.

这项技术在初始阶段成本非常高。

It was like long-distance calls.

有点像长途电话诞生的初期。

But the cost of this is dropping 50 percent faster than Moore's law.

但成本下降的速度比 摩尔定律快50%。

The first $200 full genome was announced yesterday by Veritas.

Veritas 昨天宣布了首个 200美元全基因组计划。

And so as you're looking at these systems,

当你看这些系统的时候，

it doesn't matter, it doesn't matter, it doesn't matter, and then it does.

它无关紧要，它无关紧要， 它无关紧要，然后它变得紧要了。

So let me just give you the map view of this stuff.

我想给你看看这玩意儿 的地图预览模式。

This is a big discovery.

这是一个大发现。

There's 23 chromosomes.

有23条染色体。

Cool.

真酷。

Let's now start using a telescope version, but instead of using a telescope,

现在让我们启动望远镜视角， 不过用的不是望远镜，

let's use a microscope to zoom in

而是通过显微镜放大看看

on the inferior of those chromosomes,

这些染色体中较低级别的

which is the Y chromosome.

Y染色体。

It's a third the size of the X. It's recessive and mutant.

它的大小是X染色体的1/3， 是隐性和突变的。

But hey,

但是呢，

just a male.

只是个男性罢了。

And as you're looking at this stuff,

继续来看，

here's kind of a country view

这有点像一个国家视图，

at a 400 base pair resolution level,

以400个碱基对的分辨率来看，

and then you zoom in to 550, and then you zoom in to 850,

然后你放大到500对，再到850对，

and you can begin to identify more and more genes as you zoom in.

随着放大，你开始能 识别出越来越多的基因。

Then you zoom in to the state level,

然后你放大到州级分辨率，

and you can begin to tell who's got leukemia,

你开始能说出谁得了白血病，

how did they get leukemia, what kind of leukemia do they have,

他们是怎么得的白血病， 得了哪种白血病，

what shifted from what place to what place.

从何处被移动到何处。

And then you zoom in to the Google street view level.

然后你放大到谷歌街景的级别。

So this is what happens if you have colorectal cancer

这就是你从某个结肠直肠癌病人身上

for a very specific patient on the letter-by-letter resolution.

以字母分辨率级别，看到的情况。

So what we're doing in this stuff is we're gathering information

所以我们正在收集信息

and just generating enormous amounts of information.

和生成大量的信息。

This is one of the largest databases on the planet

这是地球上最大的数据库之一，

and it's growing faster than we can build computers to store it.

它的增长速度比我们制造电脑 存储它的速度还快。

You can create some incredible maps with this stuff.

你可以用这些东西 构建一些不可思议的地图。

You want to understand the plague and why one plague is bubonic

你想了解鼠疫和为什么 这种鼠疫是淋巴腺鼠疫，

and the other one is a different kind of plague

另一种是不同类型的鼠疫，

and the other one is a different kind of plague?

还有一种不同类型的鼠疫吗？

这就是鼠疫的地图。

Well, here's a map of the plague.

Some are absolutely deadly to humans,

有些对人类绝对致命的，

some are not.

有些则不会。

And note, by the way, as you go to the bottom of this,

顺便说一下，当你看到底部的时候，

注意把它与结核病对比观察。

how does it compare to tuberculosis?

So this is the difference between tuberculosis and various kinds of plagues,

这就是肺结核和各种瘟疫的区别，

and you can play detective with this stuff,

你可以用它来做侦探游戏，

because you can take a very specific kind of cholera

因为你可以选择一种影响了

that affected Haiti,

海地的特殊霍乱，

and you can look at which country it came from,

你可以追踪看它来自哪个国家，

which region it came from,

哪个地区，

and probably which soldier took that from that African country to Haiti.

以及可能是哪个士兵把它 从哪个非洲国家带到海地。

Zoom out.

缩小。

It's not just zooming in.

不仅仅只是放大。

This is one of the coolest maps ever done by human beings.

这是人类绘制的最酷的地图之一。

What they've done is taken all the genetic information they have

我们把获得的所有物种

about all the species,

的基因信息

放在一棵生命树上，只用一页，

and they've put a tree of life on a single page

that you can zoom in and out of.

你可以放大和缩小。

So this is what came first, how did it diversify, how did it branch,

这就是第一眼看到的， 它是如何多样，如何多分支，

how large is that genome,

如此庞大的一个基因组，

on a single page.

全都展现在一个页面上。

It's kind of the universe of life on Earth,

它相当于地球上生命的宇宙，

and it's being constantly updated and completed.

而且还在不断更新和完善。

And so as you're looking at this stuff,

当你看到这些信息的时候，

the really important change is the old biology used to be reactive.

真正重要的变化是 过去的生物学是被动的。

You used to have a lot of biologists that had microscopes,

过去很多生物学家都有显微镜，

and they had magnifying glasses and they were out observing animals.

他们带着放大镜在外面观察动物。

The new biology is proactive.

新的生物学是主动的。

You don't just observe stuff, you make stuff.

你不仅只是观察事物，你还创造事物。

And that's a really big change

这是个重大的变化，

because it allows us to do things like this.

因为它让我们可以像这样做事情。

And I know you're really excited by this picture.

我知道你们对这张照片很兴奋。

（笑声）

(Laughter)

It only took us four years and 40 million dollars

它只花了我们4年时间和4千万美元

to be able to take this picture.

来拍下这张照片。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And what we did

我们把完整的

is we took the full gene code out of a cell --

基因编码从细胞中提取出来——

not a gene, not two genes, the full gene code out of a cell --

不是一个基因，不是两个基因， 是把整个基因编码从细胞中提取出来，

built a completely new gene code,

构建一个全新的基因编码，

inserted it into the cell,

再注入到细胞中，

figured out a way to have the cell execute that code

找到方法让细胞执行编码

and built a completely new species.

去创造一个全新的物种。

So this is the world's first synthetic life form.

所以这是世界上 第一个合成生命形式。

And so what do you do with this stuff?

那么有了这个技术后我们要做什么？

Well, this stuff is going to change the world.

它会改变世界。

Let me give you three short-term trends

让我给你们三个短期的趋势，

in terms of how it's going to change the world.

来理解它将如何改变世界。

The first is we're going to see a new industrial revolution.

首先，我们将看到 一场新的工业革命。

And I actually mean that literally.

我是认真的，毫不夸张。

So in the same way as Switzerland and Germany and Britain

就像瑞士，德国和英国

changed the world with machines like the one you see in this lobby,

用你们在这次会议的大厅里 看到的机器改变了世界一样，

created power --

创造了力量——

in the same way CERN is changing the world,

也如同欧洲核子研究中心（CERN） 正在使用新的仪器

using new instruments and our concept of the universe --

和我们对宇宙的概念 改变世界一样——

programmable life forms are also going to change the world

可编码的生命形态也将改变世界，

because once you can program cells

因为一旦你可以对细胞编码，

in the same way as you program your computer chip,

就像你对电脑芯片编程一样，

then you can make almost anything.

然后你几乎可以做任何事情。

So your computer chip can produce photographs,

你的电脑芯片可以制作图像，

can produce music, can produce film,

音乐，电影，

can produce love letters, can produce spreadsheets.

可以写情书，制作电子表格。

It's just ones and zeroes flying through there.

这只是许多 1 和 0 在那里飞来飞去。

If you can flow ATCGs through cells,

如果你能让 ATCG 在细胞中穿行，

then this software makes its own hardware,

软件就会创造自己的硬件，

which means it scales very quickly.

这意味着它扩展的速度非常快。

No matter what happens,

不管发生什么，

if you leave your cell phone by your bedside,

如果你把手机放在床边，

you will not have a billion cell phones in the morning.

你早上醒来不会有数十亿部手机。

But if you do that with living organisms,

但如果你对活的生物体这样做，

you can make this stuff at a very large scale.

你可以大规模复制这些生命。

One of the things you can do is you can start producing

到2025年，你其实可以

close to carbon-neutral fuels

开始以商业规模

on a commercial scale by 2025,

生产接近碳中性的燃料，

which we're doing with Exxon.

我们正在与埃克森公司 就这个问题展开合作。

But you can also substitute for agricultural lands.

你也可以用它来取代农田。

Instead of having 100 hectares to make oils or to make proteins,

不再需要100公顷的土地 来生产油或蛋白质，

you can make it in these vats

相反，你可以在这些大桶里

at 10 or 100 times the productivity per hectare.

以每公顷10到100倍的产量生产。

Or you can store information, or you can make all the world's vaccines

你也可以在这三个桶里 储存信息，或者制造世界上

in those three vats.

所有的疫苗。

Or you can store most of the information that's held at CERN in those three vats.

或者你可以把CERN保存的大部分 信息存储在这三个容器中。

DNA is a really powerful information storage device.

DNA真是个非常强大的信息存储设备。

Second turn:

第二：

you're beginning to see the rise of theoretical biology.

你开始看到理论生物学的兴起。

So, medical school departments are one of the most conservative places on earth.

医学院是世界上最保守的地方之一。

The way they teach anatomy is similar to the way they taught anatomy

他们教解剖学的方法

100 years ago.

还像100年前一样。

"Welcome, student. Here's your cadaver."

“欢迎，学生们，这是你的尸体。”

One of the things medical schools are not good at is creating new departments,

医学院不擅长开设新的院部，

which is why this is so unusual.

这是为什么它很少见的原因。

Isaac Kohane has now created a department based on informatics, data, knowledge

萨克·科哈尼现在在哈佛医学院 创建了一个基于信息学、数据

at Harvard Medical School.

和知识的部门。

And in a sense, what's beginning to happen is

在某种意义上，

biology is beginning to get enough data

生物学正在开始获得足够的数据，

that it can begin to follow the steps of physics,

可以开始追随物理学发展的步伐，

which used to be observational physics

物理学曾经只包括观测物理

and experimental physicists,

和实验物理，

and then started creating theoretical biology.

然后才开始创建理论生物学。

Well, that's what you're beginning to see

这就是你们刚开始看到的，

because you have so many medical records,

因为你有如此之多的医疗记录，

because you have so much data about people:

因为你有关于人的如此多的数据：

you've got their genomes, you've got their viromes,

有他们的基因组，有他们的病毒体，

有他们的微生物群。

you've got their microbiomes.

And as this information stacks,

随着这些信息累加，

you can begin to make predictions.

你可以开始做预测。

The third thing that's happening is this is coming to the consumer.

第三件发生的事情是， 这一切正在走向消费者。

So you, too, can get your genes sequenced.

你也可以测序你的基因。

And this is beginning to create companies like 23andMe,

这也导致了像23andMe 这样的公司的诞生，

and companies like 23andMe are going to be giving you

这样的公司会给你

more and more and more data,

越来越多的数据，

not just about your relatives,

不仅关于你的亲戚，

but about you and your body,

也关于你和你自己的身体，

and it's going to compare stuff,

它还会进行比较，

and it's going to compare stuff across time,

可以跨时间进行比较，

将会形成非常大型的数据库。

and these are going to become very large databases.

But it's also beginning to affect a series of other businesses

但这也将开始以 不可预期的方式影响

in unexpected ways.

一系列其他商业。

Normally, when you advertise something, you really don't want the consumer

通常情况下，当你做广告的时候， 你真的不希望消费者

to take your advertisement into the bathroom to pee on.

在你的广告宣传页上小便。

Unless, of course, if you're IKEA.

当然，除非你是宜家。

Because when you rip this out of a magazine and you pee on it,

因为当你从杂志上撕下这页， 尿在上面的时候，

it'll turn blue if you're pregnant.

如果你怀孕了，它会变成蓝色。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And they'll give you a discount on your crib.

他们会给你的婴儿床打折。

（笑声）

(Laughter)

Right? So when I say consumer empowerment,

对吧？所以当我说消费者被赋能时，

and this is spreading beyond biotech,

这已经超越了生物技术，

I actually really mean that.

我是说真的。

We're now beginning to produce, at Synthetic Genomics,

在Synthetic Genomics（合成基因公司）， 我们现在开始生产

desktop printers

台式打印机，

that allow you to design a cell,

可以让你设计细胞，

print a cell,

打印细胞，

execute the program on the cell.

执行细胞中的编码。

We can now print vaccines

我们现在可以实时打印疫苗，

real time as an airplane takes off

就在飞机起飞时开始，

before it lands.

在着陆前完成。

We're shipping 78 of these machines this year.

我们今年将售出78台这种机器。

This is not theoretical biology. This is printing biology.

这不是理论生物学， 这是打印生物学。

Let me talk about two long-term trends

让我再谈谈两个长期趋势，

that are coming at you over a longer time period.

是将会在更长的时间内 发生在你身上的。

The first one is, we're starting to redesign species.

第一个是，我们开始重新设计物种。

And you've heard about that, right?

你已听说过了，对吧？

We're redesigning trees. We're redesigning flowers.

我们重新设计了树木， 我们重新设计了鲜花。

We're redesigning yogurt,

我们重新设计了酸奶，

cheese, whatever else you want.

奶酪，随便你要什么。

And that, of course, brings up the interesting question:

当然，这引出了一个有趣的问题：

How and when should we redesign humans?

我们要怎样以及何时重新设计人类？

And a lot of us think, "Oh no, we never want to redesign humans."

我们很多人会想，“哦，不， 我们从来不想重新设计人类。”

Unless, of course, if your child has a Huntington's gene

当然，除非你的孩子 有亨廷顿氏舞蹈症基因

and is condemned to death.

并且被医生判了死刑。

Or, unless if you're passing on a cystic fibrosis gene,

或者，除非你遗传了 囊性纤维化基因，

in which case, you don't just want to redesign yourself,

在这种情况下， 你不只是想重新设计自己，

you want to redesign your children and their children.

你还想重新设计 你的孩子和他们的孩子。

And these are complicated debates and they're going to happen in real time.

这些都是复杂的争论， 它们当下正在发生着。

I'll give you one current example.

我给你们一个最近的例子。

One of the debates going on at the National Academies today

今天在国家科学院进行的 一场辩论是关于

is you have the power to put a gene drive into mosquitoes

如果你有能力把基因注入蚊子体内，

so that you will kill all the malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

这样你就可以杀死所有 携带疟疾的蚊子。

Now, some people say,

有人会说，

"That's going to affect the environment in an extreme way, don't do it."

“这将会以一种极端的方式 影响环境，不要这样做。”

Other people say,

其他人则说，

"This is one of the things that's killing millions of people yearly.

“这是个每年造成数百万人死亡的事情，

Who are you to tell me that I can't save the kids in my country?"

你凭什么对我说我不能 拯救我们国家的孩子们？”

And why is this debate so complicated?

为什么这场争论如此复杂？

因为一旦你在巴西， 或在佛罗里达州南部

Because as soon as you let this loose in Brazil

or in Southern Florida --

放松管制——

mosquitoes don't respect walls.

蚊子可不管什么墙。

You're making a decision for the world

当你把基因驱动放到空中时，

when you put a gene drive into the air.

你是在为世界做决定。

This wonderful man won a Nobel Prize,

这个了不起的人获得了诺贝尔奖，

and after winning the Nobel Prize

在获得诺贝尔奖后，

he's been worrying about

他一直在操心

how did life get started on this planet

生命是如何在这个星球上诞生的，

and how likely is it that it's in other places?

在其他地方存在的可能性有多大？

So what he's been doing is going around to this graduate students

所以他一直想招一些研究生，

and saying to his graduate students,

对他们说，

"Build me life but don't use any modern chemicals or instruments.

“去创造生物，但别使用任何 现代化学品或仪器。

Build me stuff that was here three billion years ago.

给我造些三十亿年前出现的东西。

You can't use lasers. You can't use this. You can't use that."

你不能用激光，你不能用这个， 你不能用那个。”

He gave me a vial of what he's built about three weeks ago.

他给了我一小瓶他三周前做的东西。

What has he built?

他做的是什么？

He's built basically what looked like soap bubbles that are made out of lipids.

看起来就像是用脂质做的肥皂泡。

He's built a precursor of RNA.

他造出了RNA的前体。

He's had the precursor of the RNA be absorbed by the cell

他让RNA的前体被细胞吸收，

and then he's had the cells divide.

然后让细胞分裂。

We may not be that far --

这一天可能不会太远——

call it a decade, maybe two decades --

10年后，也许20年后——

from generating life from scratch

我们就能从原始群落中

out of proto-communities.

造出生命。

Second long-term trend:

第二个长期趋势：

we've been living and are living through the digital age --

我们正在经历数字时代——

we're starting to live through the age of the genome

开始经历基因时代，

and biology and CRISPR and synthetic biology --

生物学，CRISPR和 合成生物学时代——

and all of that is going to merge into the age of the brain.

所有这些都将融入大脑时代。

So we're getting to the point where we can rebuild most of our body parts,

所以我们将会到达可以重建 我们大部分身体器官的时期，

in the same way as if you break a bone or burn your skin, it regrows.

就像你折断骨头或烧伤皮肤， 它会重新生长一样。

We're beginning to learn how to regrow our tracheas

我们开始学习如何再生

or how to regrow our bladders.

气管或膀胱。

这两种方法都已被植入人体。

Both of those have been implanted in humans.

Tony Atala is working on 32 different organs.

托尼·阿塔拉正在研究32种不同的器官。

But the core is going to be this,

但大脑才是核心，

because this is you and the rest is just packaging.

因为这才是你，剩下的只是包装。

Nobody's going to live beyond 120, 130, 140 years

没人能够活过120，130，140岁，

unless if we fix this.

除非我们的身体能自我修复。

And that's the most interesting challenge.

这是最有趣的挑战。

这是下一个前沿，伴随着：

That's the next frontier, along with:

"How common is life in the universe?"

“宇宙中生命有多么普遍？”

"Where did we come from?"

“我们来自哪里？”

and questions like that.

和诸如此类的问题。

Let me end this with an apocryphal quote from Einstein.

让我引用一句可能是爱因斯坦 说过的话来结束这次演讲。

[You can live as if everything is a miracle,

【你可以把一切当奇迹来活，

or you can live as if nothing is a miracle.]

你也可以无视任何奇迹。】

It's your choice.

这是你的选择。

You can focus on the bad, you can focus on the scary,

你可以关注坏事情， 你可以关注可怕的事情，

and certainly there's a lot of scary out there.

当然有很多可怕的事情。

But use 10 percent of your brain to focus on that, or maybe 20 percent,

但用你大脑的10%，或者20%，

or maybe 30 percent.

或者30%来专注这个问题。

But just remember,

但记住，

we really are living in an age of miracle and wonder.

我们生活在一个充满 奇迹，千变万化的时代。

We're lucky to be alive today. We're lucky to see this stuff.

我们有幸活在如今的时代， 有幸看到这些东西。

We're lucky to be able to interact with folks like the folks

我们很幸运能够与像在这个房间里

who are building all the stuff in this room.

打造了这些东西的人们互动。

So thank you to all of you, for all you do.

感谢你们所有人， 感谢你们所做的一切。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）