Tim Berners-Lee: The next Web of open, linked data

Translator: Muaz Rudy Herman Reviewer: Pei Fang Ng

Time flies.

Masa berlalu dengan cepat.

It's actually almost 20 years ago

Ia sebenarnya hampir 20 tahun yang lalu

when I wanted to reframe the way we use information,

apabila saya mahu merangka semula cara kita menggunakan maklumat,

the way we work together: I invented the World Wide Web.

cara kita bekerjasama: Saya yang mencipta World Wide Web.

Now, 20 years on, at TED,

Kini, 20 tahun kemudian, di TED,

I want to ask your help in a new reframing.

Saya ingin meminta bantuan anda dalam perangkaan semula yang baru.

So going back to 1989,

Jadi, kembali ke tahun 1989,

I wrote a memo suggesting the global hypertext system.

Saya menulis memo yang mencadangkan sistem hyperteks global.

Nobody really did anything with it, pretty much.

Tiada orang yang melakukan apa-apa.

But 18 months later -- this is how innovation happens --

Tapi 18 bulan kemudian - ini adalah bagaimana inovasi berlaku -

18 months later, my boss said I could do it on the side,

18 bulan kemudian, bos saya kata, saya boleh melakukannya

as a sort of a play project,

sebagai satu bentuk projek bermain-main

kick the tires of a new computer we'd got.

dengan menggunakan komputer baru kami.

And so he gave me the time to code it up.

Dia memberikan saya masa untuk mengekodnya.

So I basically roughed out what HTML should look like:

Jadi, saya sediakan draf HTML:

hypertext protocol, HTTP;

protokol hiperteks, HTTP;

the idea of URLs, these names for things

idea URL, nama-nama ini untuk perkara-perkara

which started with HTTP.

yang bermula dengan HTTP.

I wrote the code and put it out there.

Saya menulis kodnya dan mendedahkannya.

Why did I do it?

Mengapa saya melakukannya?

Well, it was basically frustration.

Ia kerana kekecewaan.

I was frustrated -- I was working as a software engineer

Saya kecewa - Saya bekerja sebagai seorang jurutera perisian

in this huge, very exciting lab,

di dalam makmal besar yang sangat menarik,

lots of people coming from all over the world.

di mana ramai orang datang dari seluruh dunia.

They brought all sorts of different computers with them.

Mereka membawa bermacam-macam komputer bersama mereka.

They had all sorts of different data formats,

Mereka mempunyai pelbagai format data yang berbeza,

all sorts, all kinds of documentation systems.

pelbagai jenis sistem dokumentasi.

So that, in all that diversity,

Jadi, dalam kepelbagaian itu,

if I wanted to figure out how to build something

jika saya mahu memikirkan bagaimana untuk membina sesuatu

out of a bit of this and a bit of this,

daripada sedikit ini dan sedikit ini,

everything I looked into, I had to connect to some new machine,

semua yang saya mahu, saya terpaksa menyambung kepada mesin-mesin baru,

I had to learn to run some new program,

Saya terpaksa belajar program baru,

I would find the information I wanted in some new data format.

data yang saya mahu berada dalam format data yang baru,

And these were all incompatible.

dan semua ini tidak serasi.

It was just very frustrating.

Ia sangat mengecewakan.

The frustration was all this unlocked potential.

Terdapat potensi yang belum dicungkil.

In fact, on all these discs there were documents.

Sebenarnya, semua cakera ini mengandungi banyak dokumen.

So if you just imagined them all

Jadi, jika anda membayangkan semua ini

being part of some big, virtual documentation system in the sky,

sebagai sebahagian daripada sistem dokumentasi maya di langit,

say on the Internet,

katakan, di Internet,

then life would be so much easier.

maka konsep ini akan menjadi lebih mudah.

Well, once you've had an idea like that it kind of gets under your skin

Apabila anda telah mempunyai idea seperti itu, anda berasa tersinggung

and even if people don't read your memo --

kerana orang lain tidak membaca memo anda.

actually he did, it was found after he died, his copy.

Sebenarnya, dia membacanya. Salinannya ditemui selepas dia meninggal dunia.

He had written, "Vague, but exciting," in pencil, in the corner.

Dia menulis, "Tidak jelas, tapi menarik."

(Laughter)

(Gelak ketawa)

But in general it was difficult -- it was really difficult to explain

Tapi secara umumnya, adalah sangat sukar untuk menerangkan konsep web.

what the web was like.

Tapi secara umumnya, adalah sangat sukar untuk menerangkan konsep web.

It's difficult to explain to people now that it was difficult then.

Agak sukar untuk menerangkannya sekarang, apalagi dulu.

But then -- OK, when TED started, there was no web

Apabila TED baru dimulakan, web belum wujud

so things like "click" didn't have the same meaning.

maka perkara seperti "klik" tidak mempunyai makna yang sama.

I can show somebody a piece of hypertext,

Saya boleh menunjukkan sebuah hiperteks,

a page which has got links,

sebuah laman yang mengandungi pautan.

and we click on the link and bing -- there'll be another hypertext page.

Klik pada pautan dan laman hiperteks yang lain akan muncul.

Not impressive.

Tidak menarik.

You know, we've seen that -- we've got things on hypertext on CD-ROMs.

Kita telah melihat itu -- terdapat hiperteks dalam CD-ROM.

What was difficult was to get them to imagine:

Apa yang sukar ialah, membolehkan mereka membayangkannya:

so, imagine that that link could have gone

Bayangkan bahawa pautan itu boleh sampai ke

to virtually any document you could imagine.

mana-mana dokumen yang anda dapat bayangkan.

Alright, that is the leap that was very difficult for people to make.

Orang ramai sangat sukar membayangkannya.

Well, some people did.

Tapi, sesetengah orang dapat melakukannya.

So yeah, it was difficult to explain, but there was a grassroots movement.

Adalah sukar untuk menerangkannya, tapi terdapat sebuah gerakan akar umbi.

And that is what has made it most fun.

Itulah yang menjadikannya sangat menyeronokkan.

That has been the most exciting thing,

Ia perkara yang paling menarik.

not the technology, not the things people have done with it,

bukan teknologi, bukan perkara yang dilakukan dengannya,

but actually the community, the spirit of all these people

tapi komuniti ini, semangat orang-orang ini

getting together, sending the emails.

bersama-sama menghantar e-mel.

That's what it was like then.

Itulah yang berlaku pada masa itu.

Do you know what? It's funny, but right now it's kind of like that again.

Ia lucu, tapi sekarang keadaannya adalah serupa.

I asked everybody, more or less, to put their documents --

Saya minta semua orang masukkan dokumen mereka -

I said, "Could you put your documents on this web thing?"

Saya tanya, "Bolehkah anda letakkan dokumen anda ke dalam web ini?"

And you did.

Dan anda lakukannya.

Thanks.

Terima kasih.

It's been a blast, hasn't it?

Ia telah meletus, bukan?

I mean, it has been quite interesting

Ia agak menarik

because we've found out that the things that happen with the web

kerana kita telah mendapati bahawa apa yang berlaku dalam web membuat kita teruja.

really sort of blow us away.

kerana kita telah mendapati bahawa apa yang berlaku dalam web membuat kita teruja.

They're much more than we'd originally imagined

Banyak perkara yang tidak terbayang berlaku

when we put together the little, initial website

kerana pada mulanya kita cuma mahu masukkan beberapa dokumen.

that we started off with.

kerana pada mulanya kita cuma mahu masukkan beberapa dokumen.

Now, I want you to put your data on the web.

Sekarang, saya mahu anda masukkan data anda ke dalam web.

Turns out that there is still huge unlocked potential.

Sebenarnya, masih terdapat banyak potensi yang belum dicungkil.

There is still a huge frustration

Orang ramai masih sangat kecewa

that people have because we haven't got data on the web as data.

kerana kita belum mendapatkan data yang kita mahu daripada web.

What do you mean, "data"? What's the difference -- documents, data?

Apakah perbezaan "dokumen" dan "data"?

Well, documents you read, OK?

Anda membaca dokumen, OK?

More or less, you read them, you can follow links from them, and that's it.

Anda membacanya; anda boleh mengikuti pautannya.

Data -- you can do all kinds of stuff with a computer.

Data pula, anda boleh lakukan banyak perkara dengan komputer.

Who was here or has otherwise seen Hans Rosling's talk?

Siapakah di sini yang telah melihat ceramah Hans Rosling?

One of the great -- yes a lot of people have seen it --

Salah satu yang bagus - Ya, banyak orang telah melihatnya.

one of the great TED Talks.

Salah satu ceramah TED yang bagus.

Hans put up this presentation

Hans memberikan persembahan ini.

in which he showed, for various different countries, in various different colors --

Dia menunjukkan negara-negara yang diwakili warna-warna yang berbeza,

he showed income levels on one axis

tahap pendapatan pada satu paksi

and he showed infant mortality, and he shot this thing animated through time.

dan kematian bayi dengan menggunakan animasi.

So, he'd taken this data and made a presentation

Jadi, dia mengambil data ini dan membuat persembahan

which just shattered a lot of myths that people had

yang membuka mata orang ramai

about the economics in the developing world.

tentang ekonomi di negara-negara yang sedang membangun.

He put up a slide a little bit like this.

Dia menggunakan slaid seperti ini.

It had underground all the data

Semua data berada di bawah tanah.

OK, data is brown and boxy and boring,

Data berwarna coklat, berbentuk kotak dan membosankan.

and that's how we think of it, isn't it?

Itulah bagaimana kita fikirkannya, bukan?

Because data you can't naturally use by itself

Ini kerana anda tidak hanya menggunakan data semata-mata.

But in fact, data drives a huge amount of what happens in our lives

Sebenarnya, data mendorong banyak perkara yang berlaku dalam kehidupan kita

and it happens because somebody takes that data and does something with it.

dan ia berlaku kerana seseorang mengambil data dan melakukan sesuatu dengannya.

In this case, Hans had put the data together

Dalam kes ini, Hans telah mengumpulkan data

he had found from all kinds of United Nations websites and things.

yang diperoleh daripada pelbagai perkara dan laman web Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu.

He had put it together,

Dia telah mengumpulkan semua data

combined it into something more interesting than the original pieces

dan menggabungkannya menjadi sesuatu yang lebih menarik daripada data asal.

and then he'd put it into this software,

Kemudian, dia memasukkannya ke dalam perisian ini,

which I think his son developed, originally,

yang dikembangkan oleh anaknya,

and produces this wonderful presentation.

dan menghasilkan persembahan yang menarik ini.

And Hans made a point

Hans kata,

of saying, "Look, it's really important to have a lot of data."

"Adalah sangat penting untuk mempunyai banyak data."

And I was happy to see that at the party last night

Semasa di parti malam tadi, saya gembira melihat

that he was still saying, very forcibly, "It's really important to have a lot of data."

bahawa dia masih menegaskan, "Adalah sangat penting untuk mempunyai banyak data."

So I want us now to think about

Jadi, saya mahu kita bukan saja berfikir tentang

not just two pieces of data being connected, or six like he did,

2 jenis data yang berkaitan, atau 6 seperti yang dikatakannya,

but I want to think about a world where everybody has put data on the web

tapi saya mahu melihat dunia di mana semua orang telah masukkan data ke dalam web

and so virtually everything you can imagine is on the web

agar semua yang anda boleh bayangkan berada dalam web

and then calling that linked data.

dan kemudian memanggilnya data berkaitan.

The technology is linked data, and it's extremely simple.

Teknologi ini data berkaitan; ia amat mudah.

If you want to put something on the web there are three rules:

Jika anda ingin masukkan sesuatu ke dalam web, terdapat 3 peraturan:

first thing is that those HTTP names --

Peraturan pertama ialah,

those things that start with "http:" --

bagi perkara-perkara yang bermula dengan "http:",

we're using them not just for documents now,

sekarang, kita bukan saja menggunakannya untuk dokumen,

we're using them for things that the documents are about.

kita juga menggunakannya untuk perkara yang berkaitan dengan dokumen,

We're using them for people, we're using them for places,

orang ramai, tempat, produk anda, dan peristiwa.

we're using them for your products, we're using them for events.

orang ramai, tempat, produk anda, dan peristiwa.

All kinds of conceptual things, they have names now that start with HTTP.

Kini, pelbagai jenis konsep mempunyai nama yang bermula dengan HTTP.

Second rule, if I take one of these HTTP names and I look it up

Peraturan kedua, jika saya mengambil sebuah nama HTTP,

and I do the web thing with it and I fetch the data

membuat pencarian di web, dan mengambil data dengan

using the HTTP protocol from the web,

menggunakan protokol HTTP daripada web,

I will get back some data in a standard format

Saya akan mendapat beberapa data dalam format yang standard

which is kind of useful data that somebody might like to know

iaitu data yang berguna tentang sesuatu atau peristiwa

about that thing, about that event.

yang ingin diketahui seseorang.

Who's at the event? Whatever it is about that person,

Siapa berada di situ? Apa-apa saja tentang orang itu,

where they were born, things like that.

di mana mereka dilahirkan, perkara-perkara seperti itu.

So the second rule is I get important information back.

Jadi peraturan kedua ialah, saya mendapat maklumat penting.

Third rule is that when I get back that information

Peraturan ketiga ialah, apabila saya mendapat maklumat itu

it's not just got somebody's height and weight and when they were born,

ia bukan saja ketinggian, berat badan, kelahiran, tapi semuanya berkaitan.

it's got relationships.

ia bukan saja ketinggian, berat badan, kelahiran, tapi semuanya berkaitan.

Data is relationships.

Data-data adalah saling berkaitan.

Interestingly, data is relationships.

Agak menarik, data-data adalah saling berkaitan.

This person was born in Berlin; Berlin is in Germany.

Orang ini dilahirkan di Berlin; Berlin terletak di Jerman.

And when it has relationships, whenever it expresses a relationship

Apabila ia saling berkaitan, apabila ia menunjukkan perkaitan

then the other thing that it's related to

maka perkara lain yang berkaitan dengannya

is given one of those names that starts HTTP.

diberikan sebuah nama yang bermula dengan HTTP.

So, I can go ahead and look that thing up.

Jadi, saya boleh meneruskan pencarian.

So I look up a person -- I can look up then the city where they were born; then

Jika saya mencari seseorang, saya boleh mencari bandar di mana mereka dilahirkan,

I can look up the region it's in, and the town it's in,

Jika saya mencari seseorang, saya boleh mencari bandar di mana mereka dilahirkan,

and the population of it, and so on.

kawasan dan pekan itu, populasi dan sebagainya.

So I can browse this stuff.

Jadi, saya boleh melihat semua ini.

So that's it, really.

Memang begitu.

That is linked data.

Itulah data berkaitan.

I wrote an article entitled "Linked Data" a couple of years ago

Beberapa tahun yang lalu, saya menulis artikel yang bertajuk "Data Berkaitan"

and soon after that, things started to happen.

dan tidak lama selepas itu, banyak perkara mula berlaku.

The idea of linked data is that we get lots and lots and lots

Idea data berkaitan ialah, kita mendapat banyak

of these boxes that Hans had,

kotak-kotak seperti yang Hans ada,

and we get lots and lots and lots of things sprouting.

dan kita mendapat banyak percambahan.

It's not just a whole lot of other plants.

Ia bukan saja banyak tumbuhan yang lain.

It's not just a root supplying a plant,

Ia bukan saja satu akar untuk satu tumbuhan,

but for each of those plants, whatever it is --

tapi bagi setiap satu tumbuhan, apa-apa saja,

a presentation, an analysis, somebody's looking for patterns in the data --

persembahan, analisis, seseorang yang mencari corak data,

they get to look at all the data

mereka dapat melihat semua data

and they get it connected together,

dan mengaitkannya.

and the really important thing about data

Apa yang sangat penting tentang data ialah,

is the more things you have to connect together, the more powerful it is.

semakin banyak data yang dikaitkan, ia semakin bernilai.

So, linked data.

Jadi, data berkaitan.

The meme went out there.

Ia tersebar.

And, pretty soon Chris Bizer at the Freie Universitat in Berlin

Kemudian, Chris Bizer dari Freie Universitat, Berlin,

who was one of the first people to put interesting things up,

salah seorang yang masukkan data yang menarik,

he noticed that Wikipedia --

dia mendapati bahawa Wikipedia -

you know Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia

anda tahu Wikipedia, ensiklopedia dalam talian

with lots and lots of interesting documents in it.

yang mengandungi banyak dokumen yang menarik.

Well, in those documents, there are little squares, little boxes.

Dalam dokumen tersebut, terdapat kotak-kotak kecil.

And in most information boxes, there's data.

Dalam kebanyakan kotak maklumat, terdapat data.

So he wrote a program to take the data, extract it from Wikipedia,

Dia menulis sebuah program untuk mengambil data dari Wikipedia,

and put it into a blob of linked data

dan menyimpan data berkaitan

on the web, which he called dbpedia.

ke dalam web; dia memanggilnya dbpedia.

Dbpedia is represented by the blue blob in the middle of this slide

Dbpedia diwakili oleh bulatan biru dalam slaid ini.

and if you actually go and look up Berlin,

Jika anda membuat pencarian tentang Berlin,

you'll find that there are other blobs of data

anda akan menemui data-data lain

which also have stuff about Berlin, and they're linked together.

yang mempunyai maklumat tentang Berlin, dan ia telah dikaitkan.

So if you pull the data from dbpedia about Berlin,

Jadi, jika anda mengambil data dari dbpedia tentang Berlin,

you'll end up pulling up these other things as well.

anda juga akan mengambil maklumat lain.

And the exciting thing is it's starting to grow.

Apa yang menarik ialah, ia mula berkembang.

This is just the grassroots stuff again, OK?

Ini hanyalah bahagian akar umbi.

Let's think about data for a bit.

Mari kita berfikir lebih banyak tentang data.

Data comes in fact in lots and lots of different forms.

Data berada dalam bentuk-bentuk yang berbeza.

Think of the diversity of the web. It's a really important thing

Fikirkan kepelbagaian web. Ia sangat penting

that the web allows you to put all kinds of data up there.

bahawa anda dapat masukkan pelbagai jenis data ke dalam web.

So it is with data. I could talk about all kinds of data.

Begitu juga dengan data. Saya boleh jelaskan semua jenis data.

We could talk about government data, enterprise data is really important,

Kita boleh bercakap tentang data kerajaan, data syarikat adalah sangat penting,

there's scientific data, there's personal data,

terdapat data saintifik, data peribadi,

there's weather data, there's data about events,

data cuaca, data tentang peristiwa,

there's data about talks, and there's news and there's all kinds of stuff.

data tentang ceramah, berita dan sebagainya.

I'm just going to mention a few of them

Saya akan jelaskan beberapa daripadanya

so that you get the idea of the diversity of it,

agar anda mendapat idea kepelbagaian itu,

so that you also see how much unlocked potential.

agar anda juga melihat potensi yang belum dicungkil.

Let's start with government data.

Mari kita mulakan dengan data kerajaan.

Barack Obama said in a speech,

Barack Obama berkata dalam sebuah ucapan,

that he -- American government data would be available on the Internet

bahawa data kerajaan Amerika akan tersedia di Internet

in accessible formats.

dalam format yang boleh diakses.

And I hope that they will put it up as linked data.

Saya harap mereka akan masukkannya sebagai data berkaitan.

That's important. Why is it important?

Itu adalah penting. Kenapa?

Not just for transparency, yeah transparency in government is important,

Bukan saja untuk ketelusan, ya, ketelusan kerajaan adalah penting,

but that data -- this is the data from all the government departments

ini ialah data daripada semua jabatan kerajaan.

Think about how much of that data is about how life is lived in America.

Fikirkan berapa banyak data itu adalah tentang kehidupan di Amerika.

It's actual useful. It's got value.

Ia sangat berguna. Ia bernilai.

I can use it in my company.

Saya boleh menggunakannya dalam syarikat saya.

I could use it as a kid to do my homework.

Sebagai pelajar, saya boleh menggunakannya untuk membuat kerja rumah saya.

So we're talking about making the place, making the world run better

Jadi, kita bercakap tentang menjadikan dunia ini lebih baik

by making this data available.

dengan cara membolehkan data ini diakses.

In fact if you're responsible -- if you know about some data

Jika anda tahu tentang data-data

in a government department, often you find that

di jabatan kerajaan, anda akan mendapati bahawa

these people, they're very tempted to keep it --

mereka suka menyimpannya -

Hans calls it database hugging.

Hans memanggilnya "memeluk pangkalan data".

You hug your database, you don't want to let it go

Anda memeluk pangkalan data anda, enggan melepaskannya

until you've made a beautiful website for it.

sehingga anda telah membuat laman web yang cantik untuknya.

Well, I'd like to suggest that rather --

Saya ingin mencadangkan bahawa daripada --

yes, make a beautiful website,

ya, membuat laman web yang cantik,

who am I to say don't make a beautiful website?

siapa saya untuk katakan jangan buat begitu?

Make a beautiful website, but first

Membuat laman web yang cantik, tapi sebelum itu

give us the unadulterated data,

memberi kami data mentah.

we want the data.

Kita mahu data itu.

We want unadulterated data.

Kita mahu data mentah.

OK, we have to ask for raw data now.

OK, Kita akan meminta data mentah sekarang.

And I'm going to ask you to practice that, OK?

Saya akan minta anda berlatih sekarang.

Can you say "raw"?

Boleh anda kata "mentah"?

Audience: Raw.

Hadirin: Mentah.

Tim Berners-Lee: Can you say "data"?

TBL: Boleh anda kata "data"?

Audience: Data.

Hadirin: Data.

TBL: Can you say "now"?

TBL: Boleh anda kata "sekarang"?

Audience: Now!

Hadirin: Sekarang!

TBL: Alright, "raw data now"!

TBL: Baiklah, "Data mentah sekarang!"

Audience: Raw data now!

Hadirin: "Data mentah sekarang!"

Practice that. It's important because you have no idea the number of excuses

Lakukannya. Ia penting kerana anda tidak tahu alasan-alasan

people come up with to hang onto their data

yang diberikan untuk tidak memberikan data

and not give it to you, even though you've paid for it as a taxpayer.

kepada anda, walaupun anda telah membayarnya sebagai pembayar cukai.

And it's not just America. It's all over the world.

Bukan saja di Amerika, ia berlaku di seluruh dunia.

And it's not just governments, of course -- it's enterprises as well.

Bukan saja kerajaan, syarikat-syarikat pun begitu.

So I'm just going to mention a few other thoughts on data.

Saya akan bercakap lagi tentang data.

Here we are at TED, and all the time we are very conscious

Kita berada di TED, selama ini kita sedar tentang

of the huge challenges that human society has right now --

cabaran-cabaran besar manusia:

curing cancer, understanding the brain for Alzheimer's,

Merawat kanser, memahami otak pesakit Alzheimer,

understanding the economy to make it a little bit more stable,

memahami ekonomi untuk menjadikannya lebih stabil,

understanding how the world works.

memahami bagaimana dunia berfungsi.

The people who are going to solve those -- the scientists --

Ahli-ahli sains yang akan selesaikan semua ini

they have half-formed ideas in their head,

mempunyai idea-idea yang belum sempurna,

they try to communicate those over the web.

mereka cuba berkomunikasi tentangnya di web.

But a lot of the state of knowledge of the human race at the moment

Tapi pada masa ini, banyak pengetahuan manusia

is on databases, often sitting in their computers,

berada dalam pangkalan data, tersimpan dalam komputer mereka,

and actually, currently not shared.

dan sebenarnya, pada masa ini ia tidak dikongsi.

In fact, I'll just go into one area --

Saya hanya akan bercakap dari satu segi.

if you're looking at Alzheimer's, for example,

Jika anda membuat pencarian tentang Alzheimer,

drug discovery -- there is a whole lot of linked data which is just coming out

penemuan ubat, banyak data berkaitan yang akan tersenarai

because scientists in that field realize

kerana ahli-ahli sains dalam bidang itu sedar bahawa

this is a great way of getting out of those silos,

ini ialah cara yang baik untuk berkongsi data,

because they had their genomics data in one database

kerana dulu data genomik disimpan dalam sebuah pangkalan data,

in one building, and they had their protein data in another.

dan data protein disimpan dalam pangkalan data yang lain.

Now, they are sticking it onto -- linked data --

Kini, mereka mewujudkan data berkaitan

and now they can ask the sort of question, that you probably wouldn't ask,

dan mereka boleh tanya soalan yang anda dan saya

I wouldn't ask -- they would.

tidak akan tanya, tapi mereka akan tanya.

What proteins are involved in signal transduction

Apakah protein yang terlibat dalam transduksi isyarat

and also related to pyramidal neurons?

dan juga berkaitan dengan neuron piramid?

Well, you take that mouthful and you put it into Google.

Anda ambil solan itu dan membuat pencarian di Google.

Of course, there's no page on the web which has answered that question

Semestinya, tiada laman web yang mempunyai jawapan

because nobody has asked that question before.

kerana tiada orang pernah tanya soalan itu.

You get 223,000 hits --

Anda akan mendapat 223,000 hasil carian,

no results you can use.

tapi tiada hasil yang berguna.

You ask the linked data -- which they've now put together --

Anda mencuba data berkaitan; ia telah diwujudkan,

32 hits, each of which is a protein which has those properties

32 hasil carian, setiap satu ialah protein yang mempunyai ciri-ciri tersebut.

and you can look at.

Anda boleh membacanya.

The power of being able to ask those questions, as a scientist --

Berupaya menanya soalan-soalan itu, sebagai seorang saintis,

questions which actually bridge across different disciplines --

soalan-soalan yang dapat merapatkan bidang-bidang yang berbeza,

is really a complete sea change.

ialah perubahan yang sangat besar.

It's very very important.

Ia sangat penting.

Scientists are totally stymied at the moment --

Ahli-ahli sains betul-betul tersentap pada masa ini.

the power of the data that other scientists have collected is locked up

Ahli-ahli sains menyimpan data-data yang telah dikumpulkan.

and we need to get it unlocked so we can tackle those huge problems.

Kita perlu berkongsi data-data ini agar kita boleh selesaikan masalah tersebut.

Now if I go on like this, you'll think that all the data comes from huge institutions

Anda mungkin berfikir bahawa semua data berasal daripada institusi besar

and has nothing to do with you.

dan ia tidak berkaitan dengan anda.

But, that's not true.

Tapi, itu tidak benar.

In fact, data is about our lives.

Sebenarnya, data berkaitan dengan kehidupan kita.

You just -- you log on to your social networking site,

Anda log masuk ke laman rangkaian sosial,

your favorite one, you say, "This is my friend."

anda kata, "Ini kawan saya."

Bing! Relationship. Data.

Bing! Perkaitan. Data.

You say, "This photograph, it's about -- it depicts this person. "

Anda kata, "Gambar ini tentang..." Ia menggambarkan orang ini.

Bing! That's data. Data, data, data.

Bing! Itulah data. Data, data, data.

Every time you do things on the social networking site,

Setiap kali anda melakukan sesuatu di laman rangkaian sosial,

the social networking site is taking data and using it -- re-purposing it --

laman rangkaian sosial akan mengambil data dan menggunakannya

and using it to make other people's lives more interesting on the site.

untuk membuat kehidupan orang lain lebih menarik di laman web.

But, when you go to another linked data site --

Tapi, apabila anda pergi ke laman web yang lain,

and let's say this is one about travel,

katakan, ini adalah tentang perjalanan,

and you say, "I want to send this photo to all the people in that group,"

dan anda kata, "Saya mahu hantar gambar ini kepada semua orang dalam kumpulan itu,"

you can't get over the walls.

tapi anda tidak dapat melepasi semua dinding ini.

The Economist wrote an article about it, and lots of people have blogged about it --

Economist ada satu artikel tentangnya; ramai orang menulis blog tentangnya.

tremendous frustration.

kekecewaan yang amat besar.

The way to break down the silos is to get inter-operability

Cara untuk mengatasinya ialah, wujudkan kebolehkendalian

between social networking sites.

antara laman web rangkaian sosial.

We need to do that with linked data.

Kita perlu buat begitu dengan data yang berkaitan.

One last type of data I'll talk about, maybe it's the most exciting.

Saya akan jelaskan data terakhir. Mungkin ini yang paling menarik.

Before I came down here, I looked it up on OpenStreetMap

Sebelum saya datang ke sini, saya membuat pencarian di OpenStreetMap.

The OpenStreetMap's a map, but it's also a Wiki.

OpenStreetMap ialah peta, tapi ia seperti Wiki.

Zoom in and that square thing is a theater -- which we're in right now --

Zum masuk. Segi empat itu ialah sebuah teater.

The Terrace Theater. It didn't have a name on it.

Teater Terrace. Ia tidak dinamakan.

So I could go into edit mode, I could select the theater,

Jadi, saya boleh masuk ke mod sunting dan pilih teater ini,

I could add down at the bottom the name, and I could save it back.

Saya boleh menamakannya, dan saya boleh menyimpannya.

And now if you go back to the OpenStreetMap. org,

Sekarang, jika anda kembali ke OpenStreetMap.org

and you find this place, you will find that The Terrace Theater has got a name.

dan mencari tempat ini, anda akan dapati Teater Terrace telah dinamakan.

I did that. Me!

Saya yang lakukannya. Saya!

I did that to the map. I just did that!

Saya yang lakukannya pada peta itu!

I put that up on there. Hey, you know what?

Saya menamakan teater itu. Hei, anda tahu?

If I -- that street map is all about everybody doing their bit

Jika semua orang lakukan bahagian mereka,

and it creates an incredible resource

maka ia akan mewujudkan banyak sumber

because everybody else does theirs.

kerana semua orang lakukan bahagian mereka.

And that is what linked data is all about.

Itulah data berkaitan.

It's about people doing their bit

Orang ramai lakukan bahagian mereka dan semua itu dikaitkan.

to produce a little bit, and it all connecting.

Orang ramai lakukan bahagian mereka dan semua itu dikaitkan.

That's how linked data works.

Itulah bagaimana data berkaitan berfungsi.

You do your bit. Everybody else does theirs.

Anda lakukan bahagian anda. Semua orang lakukan bahagian masing-masing.

You may not have lots of data which you have yourself to put on there

Mungkin data yang dimasukkan ke dalam web adalah sedikit,

but you know to demand it.

tapi anda tahu bagaimana untuk mendapatkannya.

And we've practiced that.

Kita pernah melakukannya.

So, linked data -- it's huge.

Jadi, terdapat banyak data berkaitan.

I've only told you a very small number of things

Saya hanya beritahu anda beberapa perkara.

There are data in every aspect of our lives,

Terdapat data dalam setiap aspek kehidupan kita,

every aspect of work and pleasure,

setiap aspek tentang kerja dan keseronokan.

and it's not just about the number of places where data comes,

Ia bukan tentang sumber-sumber data,

it's about connecting it together.

ia tentang mengaitkan semua sumber.

And when you connect data together, you get power

Apabila anda mengaitkan data,

in a way that doesn't happen just with the web, with documents.

ia tidak hanya berguna dalam web dan untuk dokumen,

You get this really huge power out of it.

potensinya sangat besar.

So, we're at the stage now

Sekarang, kita berada di peringkat

where we have to do this -- the people who think it's a great idea.

di mana kita perlu lakukannya.

And all the people -- and I think there's a lot of people at TED who do things because --

Ramai orang di TED lakukan sesuatu

even though there's not an immediate return on the investment

walaupun ia tidak akan datangkan kesan segera;

because it will only really pay off when everybody else has done it --

ia hanya akan berkesan apabila orang lain sudi lakukannya.

they'll do it because they're the sort of person who just does things

Mereka lakukannya kerana mereka ialah orang yang lakukan sesuatu

which would be good if everybody else did them.

yang akan datangkan kesan jika orang lain juga lakukannya.

OK, so it's called linked data.

Jadi, inilah data berkaitan.

I want you to make it.

Saya mahu anda lakukannya.

I want you to demand it.

Saya mahu anda menuntutnya.

And I think it's an idea worth spreading.

Saya rasa, idea ini patut disebarkan.

Thanks.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

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