Margaret Wertheim: The beautiful math of coral (and crochet)

131,528 views ・ 2009-04-20

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Michael Lesniak κ²€ν† : InHyuk Song
00:18
I'm here today, as June said,
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β€œμ€€β€μ΄ λ§ν•œ λŒ€λ‘œ 였늘 μ €λŠ”
00:20
to talk about a project
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제 쌍λ‘₯이 μ–Έλ‹ˆμ™€ μ§€λ‚œ 3λ…„ λ°˜λ™μ•ˆ
00:22
that my twin sister and I have been doing for the past three and half years.
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μ§„ν–‰ν•΄μ˜¨ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
We're crocheting a coral reef.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό ν¬λ‘œμ…° (μ½”λ°”λŠμ§ˆ)ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
And it's a project that we've actually
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저희 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ—
00:32
been now joined by hundreds of people around the world,
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세계 각 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 수백λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό
00:35
who are doing it with us. Indeed thousands of people
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ν•¨κ»˜ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘ , 수천λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
00:38
have actually been involved in this project,
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ
00:40
in many of its different aspects.
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μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
It's a project that now reaches across three continents,
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저희 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” μ‚ΌλŒ€λ₯™μ— 걸쳐 λ»—μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
and its roots go into the fields of mathematics,
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ˜ λΏŒλ¦¬λŠ” μˆ˜ν•™,
00:49
marine biology, feminine handicraft
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ν•΄μ–‘ 생물학, μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μˆ˜μ˜ˆν’ˆ,
00:52
and environmental activism.
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그리고 ν™˜κ²½μ˜ ν–‰λ™μ£Όμ˜λΌλŠ” 데 근원이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
It's true.
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μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
It's also a project
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λ˜ν•œ, 이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ”
00:59
that in a very beautiful way,
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μ’€ 더 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 방면으둜
01:01
the development of this
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지ꡬ μƒλ¬Όμ˜
01:03
has actually paralleled the evolution of life on earth,
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μ§„ν™”λ₯Ό 따라 λ°œμ „λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
which is a particularly lovely thing to be saying
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2009λ…„ 2μ›” μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ°œν‘œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ±΄
01:09
right here in February 2009 --
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κ°λ³„νžˆ μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅κ²Œ λŠκ»΄μ§€λ„€μš”.
01:11
which, as one of our previous speakers told us,
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이전에 λ°œν‘œν•˜μ‹  λΆ„κ»˜μ„œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μ§€λ§Œ
01:13
is the 200th anniversary
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μ˜¬ν•΄λ‘œ Charles Darwin 이 νƒœμ–΄λ‚œμ§€
01:15
of the birth of Charles Darwin.
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200년이 λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:17
All of this I'm going to get to in the next 18 minutes, I hope.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 18λΆ„λ™μ•ˆ 이 λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ„ 이야기 ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
But let me first begin by showing you
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λ¨Όμ € μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λͺ‡μž₯의 사진을
01:23
some pictures of what this thing looks like.
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λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 걸둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
Just to give you an idea of scale,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 규λͺ¨κ°€ μ–΄λŠμ •λ„μΈμ§€ λŒ€λž΅ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬λ©΄
01:28
that installation there is about six feet across,
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이 μ„€λΉ„λŠ” μ•½ 1.8λ―Έν„° 정도 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
and the tallest models are about two or three feet high.
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그리고 κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 λͺ¨λΈμ€ μ•½ 0.6λ―Έν„°μ—μ„œ 1미터에 λ‹€λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
This is some more images of it.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡μž₯의 사진듀이 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
That one on the right is about five feet high.
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μ €κΈ° 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 것 μ•½ 1.5λ―Έν„° λ†’μ΄μ—μš”.
01:39
The work involves hundreds of different crochet models.
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이 μž‘ν’ˆμ€ 수백 개의 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν¬λ‘œμ…° λͺ¨ν˜•듀을 ν¬ν•¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
And indeed there are now thousands and thousands of models that people
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세계 각ꡭ의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μΌμ›μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 수천개의 λͺ¨ν˜•듀을 ν˜„μž¬
01:46
have contributed all over the world as part of this.
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μ œκ³΅ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œκ³  κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
The totality of this project
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” μ „λΆ€
01:51
involves tens of thousands of hours
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 노동λ ₯의
01:53
of human labor --
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μˆ˜λ§Œμ‹œκ°„μ΄ 투자됐고
01:55
99 percent of it done by women.
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99%λŠ” 여성에 μ˜ν•΄ μ™„μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
On the right hand side, that bit there is part of an installation
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였λ₯Έμͺ½νŽΈμ—, μ € 뢀뢄은 μ•½
02:00
that is about 12 feet long.
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3.5λ―Έν„° μ •λ„λ‘œ κΈ΄ μ„€λΉ„μ£ .
02:02
My sister and I started this project in 2005
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κ³Όν•™ μ „λ¬Έμ§€λ“€μ—μ„œ
02:05
because in that year, at least in the science press,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜¨λ‚œν™”κ°€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ— μ–΄λ–€ λ‚˜μœ 영ν–₯을
02:07
there was a lot of talk about global warming,
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μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 기사듀이 자주 λ‚˜μ™€μ„œ
02:10
and the effect that global warming was having on coral reefs.
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쌍λ‘₯이 여동생과 μ €λŠ” 이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:13
Corals are very delicate organisms,
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μ‚°ν˜ΈλŠ” 맀우 μ„¬μ„Έν•œ μœ κΈ°μ²΄μ—μš”
02:15
and they are devastated by any rise in sea temperatures.
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λ°”λ‹€ μ˜¨λ„μ˜ μ‘°κ·Έλ§ˆν•œ 변화도 그듀을 νŒŒκ΄΄μ‹œν‚¬ 수 있죠
02:18
It causes these vast bleaching events
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μ‚°ν˜Έκ°€ λ³‘λ“œλŠ” 첫번째 증상은
02:20
that are the first signs of corals of being sick.
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μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 블리칭(ν‘œλ°±)μ΄λΌλŠ” 사건을 λ“€μˆ˜ μžˆμ–΄μš”
02:23
And if the bleaching doesn't go away --
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λ§Œμ•½ 블리칭을 없앨 수 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄,
02:25
if the temperatures don't go down -- reefs start to die.
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λ°”λ‹€ μ˜¨λ„λ„ λ‚΄λ €κ°ˆ 수 μ—†κ²Œ 되고, μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ“€μ€ μ£½μ–΄κ°€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:28
A great deal of this has been happening in the Great Barrier Reef,
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ν˜Έμ£Όμ— κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆ κ΅°λ½μ—μ„œ 이런 사건이 큰 문제둜 λŒ€λ‘λ˜λ©°,
02:31
particularly in coral reefs all over the world.
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μžˆλŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ“€λ„ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:33
This is our invocation in crochet of a bleached reef.
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λΈ”λ¦¬μΉ­λœ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ˜ ν¬λ‘œμ…°λŠ” μ €ν¬μ˜ μ‹œλ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:37
We have a new organization together called The Institute for Figuring,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μˆ˜ν•™μ˜ 예술적인 점을 μž‘μ•„μ„œ
02:40
which is a little organization we started
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ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄
02:42
to promote, to do projects about the
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"The Institute For Figuring,"μ΄λž€
02:44
aesthetic and poetic dimensions of science and mathematics.
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μž‘μ€ 기관을 ν•¨κ»˜ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš”
02:47
And I went and put a little announcement up on our site,
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그리고 우리 ν™ˆνŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— 이행사에 μ°Έμ—¬ν• 
02:50
asking for people to join us in this enterprise.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ ꡬ할렀고 μž‘μ€ κ΄‘κ³ λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:52
To our surprise, one of the first people who called
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 일인데, 졜초둜 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ—°λ½ν•΄μ˜¨ 곳은
02:55
was the Andy Warhol Museum.
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Andy Worhol Museumμ—μ„œμ΄μ˜€λ‹€.
02:57
And they said they were having an exhibition
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그뢄듀은 지ꡬ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ•κ³ μžˆλŠ”
02:59
about artists' response to global warming,
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μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ“€μ˜ μ „μ‹œνšŒλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
03:01
and they'd like our coral reef to be part of it.
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우리의 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆν¬λ‘œμ…°λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:03
I laughed and said, "Well we've only just started it,
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μ „ μ›ƒμœΌλ©° λ§ν–ˆμ£  "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 단지 방금 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λΏμ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
03:05
you can have a little bit of it."
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λ‹Ήμ‹ λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‘°κΈˆμ΄λΌλ„ 쀄 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”."
03:07
So in 2007 we had an exhibition,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 2007년에 우린
03:10
a small exhibition of this crochet reef.
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ½”λ‘œμ…°μ˜ μž‘μ€ μ „μ‹œνšŒλ₯Ό μ—΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
And then some people in Chicago came along and they said,
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그리고 κ·Έλ•Œ μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ™€μ„œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:14
"In late 2007, the theme of the Chicago Humanities Festival is
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"2007λ…„ 말에 μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ μΈλ₯˜μΆ•μ œμ˜ μ£Όμ œλŠ”
03:19
global warming. And we've got this 3,000 square-foot gallery
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜¨λ‚œν™” μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 280평방미터 가러리λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œλκ³ 
03:22
and we want you to fill it with your reef."
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ‘œ μ±„μš°κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
03:25
And I, naively by this stage, said, "Oh, yes, sure."
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그리고 μ „ κ·Έλ•Œ 잘λͺ°λΌμ„œ "였, 그럼 물둠이죠" λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆλŠ”λ°.
03:28
Now I say "naively" because actually
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μ œκ°€ 잘λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆλ˜κ±΄
03:30
my profession is as a science writer.
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사싀 μ €λŠ” κ³Όν•™μž‘κ°€λ‘œμ„œ λ¨Ήκ³  μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:32
What I do is I write books about the cultural history of physics.
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μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μ˜ 문화적 역사에 κ΄€ν•œ 책듀을 μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:35
I've written books about the history of space,
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μ €λŠ” 우주의 역사에 λŒ€ν•œ 책을 써왔고,
03:37
the history of physics and religion,
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물리학과 μ’…κ΅μ˜ 역사,
03:39
and I write articles for people like the New York Times and the L.A. Times.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” λ‰΄μš•νƒ€μž„μ¦ˆλ‚˜ μ—˜μ—μ΄νƒ€μž„μ¦ˆ 같은 μž‘μ§€μ—μ„œ 기사λ₯Ό μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:42
So I had no idea what it meant to fill a 3,000 square-foot gallery.
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그런데 λ‚΄κ°€ 280 평방미터 κ°€λŸ¬λ¦¬μ— μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆν¬λ‘œμ…°λ₯Ό μ±„μš°λŠ”κ²Œ λ­”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„κ² μ–΄μš”.
03:46
So I said yes to this proposition.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 이런 μ œμ•ˆμ— "λ„€" 라고 ν–ˆλ˜κ±°μ£ .
03:48
And I went home, and I told my sister Christine.
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ μ „ 집에 κ°€μ„œ 제 동생 ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€ν‹΄μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”
03:50
And she nearly had a fit
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ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€ν‹΄μ€ 거의 κΉŒλ¬΄λΌμ³€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
03:52
because Christine is a professor at one of
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μ΄μœ μΈμ¦‰ 동생은 μ—˜μ—μ΄μ˜ 유λͺ…ν•œ μ˜ˆμˆ λŒ€ν•™
03:54
L.A.'s major art colleges, CalArts,
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μΉΌμ•„νŠΈμ˜ κ΅μˆ˜μ—¬μ„œ
03:57
and she knew exactly what it meant to fill a 3,000 square-foot gallery.
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280 ν‰λ°©λ―Έν„°μ˜ κ°€λŸ¬λ¦¬κ°€ 뭘 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ 
04:00
She thought I'd gone off my head.
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동생은 μ œκ°€ 정신이 λ‚˜κ°”λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:03
But she went into crochet overdrive.
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ν¬λ‘œμ…°λ₯Ό λ―ΈμΉœλ“―μ΄ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”
04:05
And to cut a long story short, eight months later
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κΈ΄ 이야기λ₯Ό μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 짧게 끝내고, 8κ°œμ›” 후에
04:07
we did fill the Chicago Cultural Center's
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 280 평방미터 μ‹œμΉ΄κ³  λ¬Έν™”μ„Όν„°λ₯Ό
04:10
3,000 square foot gallery.
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μ±„μ› μ–΄μš”
04:12
By this stage the project had taken on
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ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” 이 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ
04:14
a viral dimension of its own,
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λ°”μ΄λŸ΄ (λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ²˜λŸΌ 슀슀둜 νŽ΄μ§€λŠ”κ²ƒ) 뢀뢄을
04:16
which got completely beyond us.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μˆ˜μš©ν•  수 없을 만큼 μ–»κ²Œ λμ–΄μš”
04:18
The people in Chicago decided
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μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
04:20
that as well as exhibiting our reefs, what they wanted to do
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚°ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ „μ‹œν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ 직접 μ‚°ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것을 κΆŒν–ˆμ–΄μš”
04:23
was have the local people there make a reef.
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μ‚°ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것을 κΆŒν–ˆμ–΄μš”
04:25
So we went and taught the techniques. We did workshops and lectures.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ±°κΈ°μ—μ„œ 직접 κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³  μ›Œν¬μƒ΅ ν•˜κ³  연섀을 ν•˜λ©°
04:28
And the people in Chicago made a reef of their own.
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μ‹œμΉ΄κ³  μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ€ 자기만의 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ 
04:31
And it was exhibited alongside ours.
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κ·Έ μž‘ν’ˆλ“€μ€ 우리 것과 같이 μ „μ‹œλ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:33
There were hundreds of people involved in that.
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수백λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 여기에 μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆκ³ 
04:35
We got invited to do the whole thing
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우린 이 λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒλ“€μ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ΄ˆμ²­λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:38
in New York, and in London,
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λ‰΄μš•, 런던,
04:40
and in Los Angeles.
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그리고 LA에...
04:42
In each of these cities, the local citizens,
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이 λ„μ‹œλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ€
04:44
hundreds and hundreds of them, have made a reef.
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
04:46
And more and more people get involved in this,
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그리고 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이 일에 μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
04:49
most of whom we've never met.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ 보지 λͺ»ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
04:51
So the whole thing has sort of morphed
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그리고 이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀은 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ
04:53
into this organic, ever-evolving creature,
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이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‘°μ§μ†μ—μ„œ μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:55
that's actually gone way beyond Christine and I.
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그것듀은 정말 ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€ν‹΄κ³Ό λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ›°μ–΄λ„˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ 
04:59
Now some of you are sitting here thinking,
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이제 μ—¬κΈ° μ•‰μ•„μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡λͺ‡λΆ„듀은 생각할 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
05:02
"What planet are these people on?
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"μ–΄λ–€ 세상에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ•Ό?
05:04
Why on earth are you crocheting a reef?
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μ™œ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ“€μ„ λœ¨κ°œμ§ˆν•΄?
05:07
Woolenness and wetness aren't exactly
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μ–‘λͺ¨μ˜ 감촉과 μΆ•μΆ•ν•œ 두 물체듀은
05:09
two concepts that go together.
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잘 μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬μ§„ μ•Šμž–μ•„.
05:11
Why not chisel a coral reef out of marble?
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μ™œ λŒ€λ¦¬μ„μœΌλ‘œ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό 찍어 λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•Šμ£ ?
05:13
Cast it in bronze."
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μ²­λ™μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ§€."
05:15
But it turns out there is a very good reason
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 맀우 쒋은 μ΄μœ κ°€ 있죠.
05:17
why we are crocheting it
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μ™œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό λœ¨λŠ”μ§€
05:19
because many organisms in coral reefs
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ“€μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 기관듀은
05:21
have a very particular kind of structure.
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μ•„μ£Ό νŠΉλ³„ν•œ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:23
The frilly crenulated forms that you see
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 보고 μžˆλŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆ, ν•΄μ΄ˆ, 해면동물, nudibranchs에
05:25
in corals, and kelps, and sponges and nudibranchs,
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주름이 많고 ν’μ„±ν•œ ν˜•μƒλ“€μ€
05:28
is a form of geometry known as hyperbolic geometry.
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μŒκ³‘κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μœΌλ‘œ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ ν˜•νƒœμ£ .
05:31
And the only way that mathematicians know
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μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 이 ꡬ쑰물의 λͺ¨ν˜•을 λ§Œλ“œλ €λ©΄
05:34
how to model this structure
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λ‹Ήμ§€ ν¬λ‘œμ…°λ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법 밖에 μ—†λŠ”κ²ƒ μ•Œμ£ .
05:36
is with crochet. It happens to be a fact.
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이건 사싀이죠.
05:38
It's almost impossible to model this structure any other way,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 이 ꡬ쑰물을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은 거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ .
05:41
and it's almost impossible to do it on computers.
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒλ„ 거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ .
05:44
So what is this hyperbolic geometry
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그러면 이 μŒκ³‘κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ„
05:46
that corals and sea slugs embody?
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ™€ λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜λ™λ¬Όλ‘œ κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
05:49
The next few minutes is, we're all going to get raised up
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λ‹€μŒ λͺ‡λΆ„λ™μ•ˆ, 우린 λͺ¨λ‘ λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜λ™λ¬Ό
05:52
to the level of a sea slug.
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λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ μ˜¬λΌκ°€ λ³Ό κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
05:54
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:55
This sort of geometry revolutionized mathematics
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이것이 19세기에 처음으둜 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:58
when it was first discovered in the 19th century.
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κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ€ μˆ˜ν•™μ— λŒ€λ³€ν˜μ„ 일으켰죠.
06:01
But not until 1997 did mathematicians actually understand
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ°λ§Œ 1997λ…„κΉŒμ§„ μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 사싀
06:04
how they could model it.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”μ§€ λͺ°λžμ–΄μš”.
06:06
In 1997 a mathematician
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1997λ…„ 코넬에 μˆ˜ν•™μž
06:08
at Cornell, Daina Taimina,
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Daina TaiminaλŠ”
06:10
made the discovery that this structure
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이 ꡬ쑰가 뜨개질과 μ½”λ°”λŠμ§ˆλ‘œ
06:12
could actually be done in knitting and crochet.
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λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ£ .
06:14
The first one she did was knitting.
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첫번째둜 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ ν•œκ±΄ λœ¨κ°œμ§ˆμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:16
But you get too many stitches on the needle. So she quickly realized
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ λ°”λŠ˜λ‘œ μˆ˜μ—†μ΄ κΏ°μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄μš”. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ½”λ°”λŠμ§ˆμ΄ 더 λ‚«λ‹€κ³ 
06:18
crochet was the better thing.
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재빨리 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ£ .
06:20
But what she was doing was actually making a model
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ ν•˜κ³  있던 것은 μˆ˜ν•™μ μΈ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
06:23
of a mathematical structure, that many mathematicians
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λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ , λ§ŽλŠ” μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€
06:25
had thought it was actually impossible to model.
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κ·Έκ±Έ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:28
And indeed they thought that anything like this structure
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사싀 그듀은 이런 ꡬ쑰가
06:30
was impossible per se.
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 것도 μ˜μ‹¬ν–ˆμ—ˆμ£ 
06:32
Some of the best mathematicians spent hundreds of years
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ λͺ‡λͺ‡ μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 100년이상 이 ꡬ쑰가
06:34
trying to prove that this structure was impossible.
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 증λͺ…ν•˜λŠ”λ° λ³΄λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
06:37
So what is this impossible hyperbolic structure?
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그럼 이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μŒκ³‘μ„  ꡬ쑰가 λ„λŒ€μ²΄ λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
06:40
Before hyperbolic geometry, mathematicians knew
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쌍곑 κΈ°ν•˜ν•™ 이전에, μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€
06:42
about two kinds of space:
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μœ ν΄λ¦¬λ“œκ³΅κ°„κ³Ό κ΅¬μ²΄μ˜κ³΅κ°„
06:44
Euclidean space, and spherical space.
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두 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 곡간에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
06:47
And they have different properties.
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그리고 각자 λ‹€λ₯Έ 견해듀을 κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
06:49
Mathematicians like to characterize things by being formalist.
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μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ ν˜•μ‹μ£Όμ˜μžκ°€ λ˜μ–΄ 사물듀을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” κ±Έ μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:52
You all have a sense of what a flat space is, Euclidean space is.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ ν‰ν‰ν•œ 곡간이, μœ ν΄λ¦¬λ“œκ³΅κ°„, λ¬΄μ—‡μΈμ§€μ˜ μ„ΌμŠ€λŠ” κ°€μ‘Œμ£ .
06:56
But mathematicians formalize this in a particular way.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 이걸 ν˜•μƒν™”ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:59
And what they do is, they do it through the concept
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그듀이 ν•œ 방법은, 그것듀이 평행선을
07:01
of parallel lines.
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ν‹ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
07:03
So here we have a line and a point outside the line.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ„ μ΄μžˆκ³  선밖에 점이 ν•˜λ‚˜ 있죠.
07:06
And Euclid said, "How can I define parallel lines?
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μœ ν¬λ¦¬λ“œκ°€ λ§ν–ˆμ£  "λ‚΄κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 평행선을 μ •μ˜ν•˜μ§€?
07:09
I ask the question, how many lines can I draw through
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜μ§€, μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 선듀을 μ›λž˜ 선에 λ‹Ώμ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ
07:12
the point but never meet the original line?"
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κ·Έ 점을 톡해 그릴 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€."
07:14
And you all know the answer. Does someone want to shout it out?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ μ—­μ‹œ κ·Έ 닡을 μ•Œκ³  있죠. ν•œλ²ˆ 크게 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•΄ λ³΄μ‹€λž˜μš”?
07:17
One. Great. Okay.
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ν•˜λ‚˜. λ§žμ•„μš”.
07:19
That's our definition of a parallel line.
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그게 ν‰μƒμ„ μ˜ μ •μ˜μ—μš”.
07:21
It's a definition really of Euclidean space.
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그것은 μœ ν΄λ¦¬λ“œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ •μ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μš”.
07:24
But there is another possibility that you all know of:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 여기에 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ μ•„λŠ” κ΅¬μ²΄μ˜κ³΅κ°„μ—
07:26
spherical space.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:28
Think of the surface of a sphere --
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κ΅¬μ²΄ν‘œλ©΄μ„ λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:30
just like a beach ball, the surface of the Earth.
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λΉ„μΉ˜λ³Όκ°™μ€, μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄κ°™μ€.
07:32
I have a straight line on my spherical surface.
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λ‚΄ ꡬ체곡간 μœ„μ— 직선이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:35
And I have a point outside the line. How many straight lines
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그리고 μ„  밖에 점이 ν•˜λ‚˜ 있죠. μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 선을
07:37
can I draw through the point
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κ·Έ 점을 톡해 그릴 수 있죠
07:39
but never meet the original line?
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μ›λž˜ 선을 λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œμš”?
07:41
What do we mean to talk about
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이야기 κ³‘μ„ μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ—
07:43
a straight line on a curved surface?
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직선이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 것은 뭐죠?
07:46
Now mathematicians have answered that question.
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여기에 μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— 닡을 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:49
They've understood there is a generalized concept
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그듀은 μ§μ„ μ˜ μΌλ°˜ν™”λœ κ°œλ…μ΄
07:51
of straightness, it's called a geodesic.
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μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ•„λƒˆκ³  그것을 츑지선이라 λΆˆλ €μ–΄μš”.
07:53
And on the surface of a sphere,
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그리고 ꡬ체의 ν‘œλ©΄μ—,
07:55
a straight line is the biggest possible circle you can draw.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 직선은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그릴 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 큰 원 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
So it's like the equator or the lines of longitude.
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이것은 μ λ„λ‚˜ κ²½λ„μ˜ μ„ λ“€ 같은 κ±°μ£ 
08:02
So we ask the question again,
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우린 κ·Έ λŒ€λ‹΅μ— λ‹€μ‹œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•΄μš”
08:04
"How many straight lines can I draw through the point,
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"κ·Έ 점을 톡해 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 직선을 그릴 수 μžˆμ§€
08:06
but never meet the original line?"
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μ›λž˜ 선은 λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄μ„œ?"
08:08
Does someone want to guess?
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λ§žμΆ”κ³  μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹  λΆ„ μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
08:11
Zero. Very good.
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0. μ•„μ£Ό μ’‹μ•„μš”.
08:13
Now mathematicians thought that was the only alternative.
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이제 μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 그게 μœ μΌν•œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ΄μ—ˆλ‹¨κ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œλ˜μ£ .
08:15
It's a bit suspicious isn't it? There is two answers to the question so far,
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이거 쑰금 μ˜μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ½μ§€ μ•Šλ‚˜μš”? μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— 두가지 λŒ€λ‹΅μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μš”
08:18
Zero and one.
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0 그리고 ν•˜λ‚˜.
08:20
Two answers? There may possibly be a third alternative.
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두가지 λŒ€λ‹΅? λ§Žμ€ κ°€λŠ₯성듀이 μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ λŒ€μ•ˆμ΄ 될 수 있죠.
08:22
To a mathematician if there are two answers,
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μˆ˜ν•™μžμ—κ²Œ λ§Œμ•½ λ‘κ°œμ˜ 닡이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
08:24
and the first two are zero and one,
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μ²«μ „μ§ΈλŠ” 0κ³Ό ν•˜λ‚˜,
08:26
there is another number that immediately suggests itself
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그리고 μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ 그것에 λ°”λ‘œ
08:28
as the third alternative.
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μ œμ•ˆλ˜λŠ” μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:30
Does anyone want to guess what it is?
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λˆ„κ΅¬ μ•„μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„ μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
08:33
Infinity. You all got it right. Exactly.
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λ¬΄ν•œλŒ€. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μ•„μ‹œλ„€μš”. μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ.
08:36
There is, there's a third alternative.
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μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ λŒ€μ•ˆμ΄μ£ .
08:38
This is what it looks like.
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이게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 보이죠.
08:40
There's a straight line, and there is an infinite number of lines
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직선을 κ°€μ§€κ³ , 그리고 λ¬΄ν•œλŒ€ 수의 선듀이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:43
that go through the point and never meet the original line.
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점을 μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ κ²°μ½” 본래 선을 λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
08:45
This is the drawing.
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이게 그 그림이죠.
08:47
This nearly drove mathematicians bonkers
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이건 μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ„ 거의 미치게 ν–ˆμ£ .
08:49
because, like you, they're sitting there feeling bamboozled.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ²˜λŸΌ 그듀은 λ‹Ήν˜ΉμŠ€λŸ° κΈ°λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ μ•‰μ•„μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:52
Thinking, how can that be? You're cheating. The lines are curved.
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생각해보면, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ €λ ‡κ²Œ 될 수 있죠? μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ 속이고 μžˆμ–΄μš”. κ·Έ 선듀은 κ³‘μ„ μ΄μ—μš”.
08:55
But that's only because I'm projecting it onto a
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단지 μ œκ°€ ν‰ν‰ν•œ ν™”λ©΄μ—μ„œ
08:57
flat surface.
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보여주고 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:59
Mathematicians for several hundred years
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μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ λͺ‡ λ°±λ…„λ™μ•ˆ
09:01
had to really struggle with this.
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이 λ¬Έμ œμ™€ μ”¨λ¦„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:03
How could they see this?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그듀이 이걸 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
09:05
What did it mean to actually have a physical model
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 물질적인 ν˜•μƒμ΄ λ³΄μ—¬μ§€λŠ”κ²Œ
09:08
that looked like this?
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μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
09:10
It's a bit like this: imagine that we'd only ever encountered Euclidean space.
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μ΄λŸ°κ²ƒκ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ : μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έμ € μœ ν΄λ¦¬λ“œκ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ μš°μ—°νžˆ μ‘°μš°ν–ˆμ„λΏμ΄λΌκ³  상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:13
Then our mathematicians come along
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그러면 우리 μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€
09:15
and said, "There's this thing called a sphere,
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λ§ν•˜μ£ , "κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” ꡬ체라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 μžˆμ–΄μš”,
09:17
and the lines come together at the north and south pole."
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그리고 κ·Έ 선듀은 뢁극과 λ‚¨κ·Ήμ—μ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ λ§Œλ‚˜μ£ ."
09:19
But you don't know what a sphere looks like.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ ꡬ체가 μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨μŠ΅μΈμ§€ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
09:21
And someone that comes along and says, "Look here's a ball."
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ 따라와 λ§ν•˜κ² μ£  "여기에 곡이 μžˆμ–΄μš”."
09:24
And you go, "Ah! I can see it. I can feel it.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ°€μ„œ, "μ•„! λ‚˜λŠ” λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”, λ‚˜λŠ” λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ΅¬μš”.
09:26
I can touch it. I can play with it."
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λ‚˜λŠ” 만질 수 있고 λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έκ±Έ κ°€μ§€κ³  놀 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”."
09:29
And that's exactly what happened
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그게 λ°”λ‘œ Daina Taiminaκ°€ 1997년에
09:31
when Daina Taimina
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μŒκ³‘κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ
09:33
in 1997, showed that you could crochet models
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ν˜•μƒλ“€μ„ ν¬λ‘œμ‰ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ΄νˆ¬μ–΄
09:37
in hyperbolic space.
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λ‚Έ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
Here is this diagram in crochetness.
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여기에 ν¬λ‘œμ…° λ„ν‘œκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:42
I've stitched Euclid's parallel postulate on to the surface.
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μ €λŠ” μœ ν΄λ¦¬λ“œμ˜ 평행정리λ₯Ό ν‘œλ©΄μ— κΏ°λ§Έμ–΄μš”
09:46
And the lines look curved.
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그리고 κ·Έ 선듀은 κ΅¬λΆ€λŸ¬μ Έ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
But look, I can prove to you that they're straight
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ λ³΄μ„Έμš”, μ €λŠ” 그것듀이 κ³§λ‹€λŠ” 것을 증λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:51
because I can take any one of these lines,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ €λŠ” 이 μ„ λ“€ 쀑 μ–΄λŠ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 있고
09:53
and I can fold along it.
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κ·Έκ±° μ‚¬μ΄λ‘œ 접을 수 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
09:56
And it's a straight line.
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그건 μ§μ„ μ΄μ—μš”.
09:58
So here, in wool,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 여기에, λͺ¨λ‘œ λ§Œλ“ 
10:01
through a domestic feminine art,
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μ§€μ—­μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μ˜ˆμˆ μž‘ν’ˆμ„ 톡해
10:03
is the proof that the most famous postulate
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μˆ˜ν•™μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν•œ 근본원리가
10:05
in mathematics is wrong.
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ν‹€λ¦° 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:14
And you can stitch all sorts of mathematical
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ 이 ν‘œλ©΄μœ„λ‘œ λͺ¨λ“ 
10:16
theorems onto these surfaces.
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μˆ˜ν•™μ  일반 이둠듀을 κΏΈ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
10:19
The discovery of hyperbolic space ushered in the field of mathematics
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μŒκ³‘κ³΅κ°„μ˜ λ°œκ²¬μ€ non-μœ ν΄λ¦¬λ“œ κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ΄λž€
10:22
that is called non-Euclidean geometry.
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μˆ˜ν•™λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό λ„μž… ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:24
And this is actually the field of mathematics
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이건 일반 μƒλŒ€λ‘ μ—
10:26
that underlies general relativity
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바탕을 λ‘λŠ” μˆ˜ν•™λΆ„μ•Όμ΄κ³ 
10:28
and is actually ultimately going to show us
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ ν˜•νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ”
10:30
about the shape of the universe.
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ꢁ극적인 것이죠.
10:32
So there is this direct line
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬μ„±μˆ˜μ œν’ˆκ³Ό
10:34
between feminine handicraft,
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μœ ν΄λ¦¬λ“œμ™€ 일반적 μƒλŒ€μ„±μ΄λ‘  사이엔
10:36
Euclid and general relativity.
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연관이 μžˆλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
10:39
Now, I said that mathematicians thought that this was impossible.
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μ§€κΈˆ, μ €λŠ” 이건 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μƒκ°ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
Here's two creatures who've never heard of Euclid's parallel postulate --
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여기에 μœ ν΄λ¦¬λ“œ 평행정리λ₯Ό μ–΄κΈ°λŠ” 것이
10:46
didn't know it was impossible to violate,
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ „ν˜€ 듀어보지 λͺ»ν•œ
10:48
and they're simply getting on with it.
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λ‘μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 있고 그듀은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 받아듀일 수 있죠.
10:50
They've been doing it for hundreds of millions of years.
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그듀은 μˆ˜λ°±λ§Œλ…„λ™μ•ˆ 그래 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
I once asked the mathematicians why it was
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μ €λŠ” μ˜ˆμ „μ— μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν•΄μˆ˜λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ΄
10:56
that mathematicians thought this structure was impossible
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싀루리아기 이래둜 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ‚΄μ•„μ™”μ„λ•Œ
10:59
when sea slugs have been doing it since the Silurian age.
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μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ™œ 이 ꡬ쑰가 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆλƒκ³  μ§ˆλ¬Έν–ˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:02
Their answer was interesting.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ μ•„μ£Ό ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ› μ–΄μš”.
11:04
They said, "Well I guess there aren't that many mathematicians
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그듀은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš” "음.. 제 생각에 λ§Žμ€ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
11:06
sitting around looking at sea slugs."
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ν•΄μˆ˜λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ„ 직접 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ„œ 일거 κ°™λ„€μš”."
11:08
And that's true. But it also goes deeper than that.
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λ„€ 그건 μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ—μš”. κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 더 κΉŠμ€ 생각해 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:11
It also says a whole lot of things
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그건 λ˜ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ μˆ˜ν•™μ΄
11:13
about what mathematicians thought mathematics was,
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λ¬΄μ—‡μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ „λΆ€λ₯Ό λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
what they thought it could and couldn't do,
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그듀이 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것.
11:18
what they thought it could and couldn't represent.
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μž¬ν˜„ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  μž¬ν˜„ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜κ²ƒ.
11:20
Even mathematicians, who in some sense
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μ–΄λ–€ λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ•„μ£Ό 자유둭게 생각할 수 μžˆλŠ”
11:22
are the freest of all thinkers,
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μˆ˜ν•™μžλ“€ 쑰차도
11:24
literally couldn't see
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λ§κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ£Όμœ„μ— ν•΄μˆ˜λ™λ¬Όμ΄ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
11:26
not only the sea slugs around them,
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그듀은 λ³Ό 수 μ—†λŠ” κ±°κ³ 
11:28
but the lettuce on their plate --
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ“€ μ ‘μ‹œ μœ„μ— μƒμΆ”λŠ” λ³Ό 수 있죠
11:30
because lettuces, and all those curly vegetables,
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상좔, 그리고 λͺ¨λ“  κ³€μ„ λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ 야채듀은
11:32
they also are embodiments of hyperbolic geometry.
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μŒκ³‘μ„  κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ˜ μ „ν˜•μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
11:36
And so in some sense they literally,
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μ–΄λ–€ λ©΄μ—μ„œ 그듀은 μ •λ§λ‘œ --
11:39
they had such a symbolic view of mathematics,
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그듀은 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™μ˜ 상징적 관점을 κ°€μ‘ŒμœΌλ‹ˆ --
11:41
they couldn't actually see what was going on
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그듀은 μ•žμ— 놓여진 μ ‘μ‹œ μœ„μ— 상좔가 μ–΄λ–€μ§€
11:44
on the lettuce in front of them.
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잘 λ³Ό 수 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:47
It turns out that the natural world is full of hyperbolic wonders.
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μžμ—°μ—” μŒκ³‘μ„ μ˜ κ²½μ΄λ‘œμ›€λ“€λ‘œ 가득차 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²Œ λ°ν˜€μ Έμš”
11:51
And so, too, we've discovered
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그리고 우린 ν¬λ‘œμ‰ μŒκ³‘μ„  λ¬Όμ²΄λ“€μ˜
11:53
that there is an infinite taxonomy
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λ¬΄ν•œλŒ€ λΆ„λ₯˜μ²΄κ³„κ°€ μžˆλ‹¨ 것을
11:55
of crochet hyperbolic creatures.
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λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
We started out, Chrissy and I and our contributors,
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Chrissy와 μ €,그리고 κΈ°μ—¬μžλ“€μ€
12:00
doing the simple mathematically perfect models.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™μ  μ™„λ²½ν•œ λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:02
But we found that when we deviated from the specific
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ꡬ체적인 μˆ˜ν•™μ  κΈ°ν˜Έμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚¬μ„λ•Œ
12:06
setness of the mathematical code
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κΈ°μ €λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” 것은
12:09
that underlies it -- the simple algorithm
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ΄λž€κ±Έ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆκ³ ,
12:11
crochet three, increase one --
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ν¬λ‘œμ‰λŠ” μ„Έκ°œ,ν•œκ°œκ°€ μ¦κ°€λ˜μ£ 
12:13
when we deviated from that and made embellishments to the code,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έκ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜ 기호의 μž₯식듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
12:16
the models immediately started to look more natural.
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ€ λ°”λ‘œ λ”μš± μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 보이기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:20
And all of our contributors, who are an amazing
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ†€λΌμš΄ 무리인
12:22
collection of people around the world,
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우리의 λͺ¨λ“  κΈ°μ—¬μžλ“€μ€
12:24
do their own embellishments.
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μžμ‹ λ“€λ§Œμ˜ μž₯식을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:26
As it were, we have this ever-evolving,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 우린 이것을 λ°œλ‹¬ μ‹œν‚€κ³  있고,
12:28
crochet taxonomic tree of life.
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μ‚Άμ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•™λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό ν¬λ‘œμ…° ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
Just as the morphology
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ν˜•νƒœν•™ 같은
12:32
and the complexity of life on earth is never ending,
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그리고 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•¨μ€ κ²°μ½” λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
12:34
little embellishments and complexifications
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DNAκΈ°ν˜Έμ—μ„œμ˜ μž‘μ€ μž₯식듀과
12:37
in the DNA code
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λ³΅μž‘ν•¨μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”κ²ƒλ“€,
12:39
lead to new things like giraffes, or orchids --
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κΈ°λ¦°μ΄λ‚˜ λ‚œκ°™μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것듀을 μ΄λŒμ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:42
so too, do little embellishments in the crochet code
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—­μ‹œ, ν¬λ‘œμ…°κΈ°ν˜Έμ—μ„œ μž‘μ€ μž₯식물듀은
12:45
lead to new and wondrous creatures
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ν¬λ‘œμ…°μ‚Άμ˜ 점진적인 λ‚˜λ¬΄μ—
12:48
in the evolutionary tree of crochet life.
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μƒˆλ‘­κ³  λ†€λΌμš΄ 창쑰물듀을 이끌게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:51
So this project really has
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” 정말
12:53
taken on this inner organic life of its own.
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μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ 이런 λ‚΄λ©΄μ˜ μ˜€κ°€λ‹‰ 삢을 μ΄λ•λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:56
There is the totality of all the people who have come to it.
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그것은 μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€ μ „λΆ€κ°€ λͺ¨μ΄λŠ” μ΄μ²΄μ„±μž…μ΄λ‹€
12:59
And their individual visions,
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그리고 κ·Έλ“€ 각자의 λΉ„μ Όλ“€,
13:01
and their engagement with this mathematical mode.
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그리고 이 μˆ˜ν•™μ  방식을 κ°€μ§„ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬.
13:04
We have these technologies. We use them.
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우린 이런 κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ„ κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 그것듀을 μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:06
But why? What's at stake here? What does it matter?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ™œμΌκΉŒμš”? 여기에 무슨 μ„±νŒ¨κ°€ λ‹¬λ €μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? 뭐가 λ¬Έμ œμΌκΉŒμš”?
13:09
For Chrissy and I, one of the things that's important here
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Chrissy와 μ €,μ—¬κΈ° μ€‘μš”ν•œκ²ƒλ“€ 쀑 ν•œκ°€μ§€λŠ”
13:12
is that these things suggest
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μƒμ§•ν•˜λŠ” μ§€μ‹μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±κ³Ό κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό
13:14
the importance and value of embodied knowledge.
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μ œμ•ˆν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:17
We live in a society
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¬˜μ‚¬μ˜ 상직적
13:19
that completely tends to valorize
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ν˜•νƒœλ“€μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ 가격을 μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것을
13:21
symbolic forms of representation --
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μ΄λ„λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ μ†μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:23
algebraic representations,
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λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ“€,
13:25
equations, codes.
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등식듀,λΆ€ν˜Έλ“€.
13:27
We live in a society that's obsessed
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 방식,
13:29
with presenting information in this way,
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정보λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 방식에
13:31
teaching information in this way.
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μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘νžŒ 세상에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:34
But through this sort of modality,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 이런 μΌμ’…μ˜ 양상,
13:37
crochet, other plastic forms of play --
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ν¬λ‘œμ…°,λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± 놀이 ν˜•νƒœλ“€,
13:41
people can be engaged with the most abstract,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ°€μž₯ 압도적인 것,
13:44
high-powered, theoretical ideas,
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λ§‰κ°•ν•œ 힘,이둠적인 κ°œλ…λ“€--에 μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘νž 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:46
the kinds of ideas that normally you have to go
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κ°œλ…μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜λ“€μ€ 보톡 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
13:48
to university departments to study in higher mathematics,
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κ³ λ‚œμ΄λ„ μˆ˜ν•™λ“€μ„ 배우기 μœ„ν•΄ κ°€μ•Όν•˜λŠ” λŒ€ν•™κΈ°κ΄€λ“€,
13:51
which is where I first learned about hyperbolic space.
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μ œκ°€ 처음으둜 μŒκ³‘μ„  곡간에 λŒ€ν•΄ 배우게 된 곳이죠
13:54
But you can do it through playing with material objects.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 물체λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  λ…ΈλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ 톡해 배울 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”
13:58
One of the ways that we've come to think about this
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이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” λ°©λ©΄λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
14:00
is that what we're trying to do with the Institute for Figuring
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 학원을 톡해 λ°°μš°λ„λ‘ μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  있고
14:03
and projects like this, we're trying to have
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이런 λ°œν‘œλ“€ 처럼,우린 μ–΄λ₯Έλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ
14:05
kindergarten for grown-ups.
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μœ μΉ˜μ› μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”
14:07
And kindergarten was actually a very formalized
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μœ μΉ˜μ›μ€ ν˜•μ‹μ„ 맀우 잘 κ°–μΆ˜
14:09
system of education,
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ꡐ윑 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμœΌλ‘œ,
14:11
established by a man named Friedrich Froebel,
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19μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ κ²°μ •ν•™μžμΈ Friedrich Froebel씨에 μ˜ν•΄
14:13
who was a crystallographer in the 19th century.
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μ„€λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:15
He believed that the crystal was the model
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그뢄은 ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€νƒˆμ΄
14:17
for all kinds of representation.
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μž¬ν˜„λ˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ΄λΌκ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆμ–΄μš”
14:19
He developed a radical alternative system
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κ·ΈλŠ” 놀이λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ
14:22
of engaging the smallest children
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κ°€μž₯ 압도적인 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λ“€λ‘œ
14:24
with the most abstract ideas
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μ–΄λ¦° 아이듀을 μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘λŠ”
14:26
through physical forms of play.
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근볡적인 λŒ€μ•ˆ 체계λ₯Ό λ°œλ‹¬ μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:28
And he is worthy of an entire talk on his own right.
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그뢄은 μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ 견해λ₯Ό κ°€μ§„ λͺ¨λ“  λ°œμ–Έμ€ κ°€μΉ˜ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:30
The value of education
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ꡐ윑의 κ°€μΉ˜λŠ”
14:32
is something that Froebel championed,
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무언가이닀라고 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± λͺ¨ν˜• 놀이λ₯Ό 톡해
14:35
through plastic modes of play.
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Froebelμ”¨λŠ” μ˜Ήν˜Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:37
We live in a society now
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ°½κ³ λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ”
14:39
where we have lots of think tanks,
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ λ§ˆμΈλ“œλŠ” μ„Έμƒμ—λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŸ¬ κ°€λŠ”
14:41
where great minds go to think about the world.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:44
They write these great symbolic treatises
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그듀은 이런 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 논문듀인
14:46
called books, and papers,
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μ±…,μ‹ λ¬Έ,
14:48
and op-ed articles.
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기사듀에 κΈ°κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:50
We want to propose, Chrissy and I,
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Chrissy와 μ œκ°€ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€
14:52
through The Institute for Figuring, another alternative way of doing things,
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λ‹€λ₯Έκ²ƒλ“€μ„ ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ•ˆμΈ 놀이탱크인
14:55
which is the play tank.
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The Institute For Figuring 톡해
14:58
And the play tank, like the think tank,
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κ·Έ λ†€μ΄νƒ±ν¬λŠ”, 생각탱크같은
15:00
is a place where people can go
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ°Ύμ•„κ°€μ„œ κΈ°λ°œν•œ 아이디어듀을
15:02
and engage with great ideas.
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ν’€μ–΄λ†“λŠ” μž₯μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:04
But what we want to propose,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 저희가 μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€,
15:06
is that the highest levels of abstraction,
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κ·Έ κ΄€λ…μ˜ 졜고의 자리인,
15:08
things like mathematics, computing, logic, etc. --
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μˆ˜ν•™μž,ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ¨Έ,λ…Όλ¦¬ν•™μž λ“±λ“±λ“±..같은
15:11
all of this can be engaged with,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  뢄듀이 ν•¨κ»˜ μ°Έμ—¬ν• μˆ˜ μžˆκ²Œλ˜μ„œ
15:13
not just through purely cerebral algebraic
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단지 μˆœμˆ˜λŒ€μˆ˜ν•™μ˜ 기호적인
15:15
symbolic methods,
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μˆ˜λ‹¨μ„ ν†΅ν•œκ²Œ μ•„λ‹Œ
15:17
but by literally, physically playing with ideas.
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아이디어λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  μ‹ μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ λ†€μ΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:21
Thank you very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:23
(Applause)
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λ°•μˆ˜
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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