Wade Davis: The worldwide web of belief and ritual

86,921 views ใƒป 2008-06-13

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunjoo Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:12
You know, culture was born of the imagination,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ
00:16
and the imagination -- the imagination as we know it --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์€
00:19
came into being when our species descended
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€
00:22
from our progenitor, Homo erectus,
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์กฐ์ƒ ํ˜ธ๋ชจ์—๋ ‰ํˆฌ์Šค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
00:25
and, infused with consciousness, began a journey that would carry it
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์˜์‹์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ณณ์„
00:28
to every corner of the habitable world.
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์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
For a time, we shared the stage with our distant cousins, Neanderthal,
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ํ•œ ๋•Œ, ๋จผ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋ป˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„ค์•ˆ๋ฐ๋ฅดํƒˆ ์ธ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:34
who clearly had some spark of awareness,
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์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ”์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
but -- whether it was the increase in the size of the brain,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‡Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„œ์ด๋“ 
00:39
or the development of language,
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์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด๋“ 
00:41
or some other evolutionary catalyst --
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ์ด๋“ ,
00:43
we quickly left Neanderthal gasping for survival.
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๋„ค์•ˆ๋ฐ๋ฅดํƒˆ ์ธ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
By the time the last Neanderthal disappeared in Europe,
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2๋งŒ 7์ฒœ๋…„ ์ „์— ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋„ค์•ˆ๋ฐ๋ฅดํƒˆ ์ธ์ด
00:50
27,000 years ago,
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:52
our direct ancestors had already,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง๊ณ„ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ
00:54
and for 5,000 years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ›„ 5์ฒœ๋…„ ๊ฐ„
00:56
been crawling into the belly of the earth,
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๋Œ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
00:58
where in the light of the flickers of tallow candles,
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์ˆ˜์ง€ ์–‘์ดˆ์˜ ๊นœ๋ฐ•์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋น›์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:01
they had brought into being
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ํ›„๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„๊ธฐ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜
01:03
the great art of the Upper Paleolithic.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
And I spent two months in the caves of southwest France
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” <Juniper Fuse>๋ผ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ฑ…์„ ๋‚จ๊ธด ์‹œ์ธ ํด๋ ˆ์ดํ„ด ์—์Š๋จผ๊ณผ
01:08
with the poet Clayton Eshleman, who wrote a beautiful book called "Juniper Fuse."
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๋‚จ์„œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋™๊ตด ์•ˆ์—์„œ 2๋‹ฌ์„ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
And you could look at this art and you could, of course,
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์ด ๋ฒฝํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
01:13
see the complex social organization
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์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
01:15
of the people who brought it into being.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:17
But more importantly, it spoke of a deeper yearning,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์›๋ณด๋‹ค
01:20
something far more sophisticated than hunting magic.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And the way Clayton put it was this way.
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ํด๋ ˆ์ดํ„ด์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
He said, "You know, clearly at some point,
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"์–ด๋–ค ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€
01:29
we were all of an animal nature, and at some point, we weren't."
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค."
01:31
And he viewed proto-shamanism as a kind of original attempt,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์›์‹œ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„, ์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:33
through ritual, to rekindle a connection
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
01:36
that had been irrevocably lost.
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๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋„์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
So, he saw this art not as
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์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋Š”, ์ด ๋ฒฝํ™”๋ฅผ
01:41
hunting magic, but as postcards of nostalgia.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฝ์„œ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:45
And viewed in that light,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:47
it takes on a whole other resonance.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
And the most amazing thing about the Upper Paleolithic art
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ›„๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„๊ธฐ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€
01:51
is that as an aesthetic expression,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ์„œ
01:54
it lasted for almost 20,000 years.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 2๋งŒ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์กด์žฌํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
If these were postcards of nostalgia,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฝ์„œ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
02:00
ours was a very long farewell indeed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธด ์ž‘๋ณ„์ธ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”
02:03
And it was also the beginning of our discontent,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
because if you wanted to distill all of our experience
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„๊ธฐ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์˜จ ์ธ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„
02:07
since the Paleolithic, it would come down to two words:
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์ •์ œํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์š”์•ฝ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:10
how and why.
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'์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ', ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์™œ'.
02:12
And these are the slivers of insight upon which cultures have been forged.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š”, ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Now, all people share the same
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:17
raw, adaptive imperatives.
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์›์ดˆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ํ•„์—ฐ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
We all have children.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์ฃ .
02:21
We all have to deal with the mystery of death,
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์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ์™€,
02:23
the world that waits beyond death,
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์‚ฌํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„,
02:25
the elders who fall away into their elderly years.
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๋…ธํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€๋„ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
02:28
All of this is part of our common experience,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ,
02:30
and this shouldn't surprise us, because, after all,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ „ํ˜€ ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
02:32
biologists have finally proven it to be true,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด-
02:34
something that philosophers have always dreamt to be true.
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์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ”์˜ค๋˜ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ฐธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
And that is the fact that we are all brothers and sisters.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„์š”.
02:39
We are all cut from the same genetic cloth.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์ „์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
All of humanity, probably, is descended from a thousand people
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š”, ์•ฝ 7๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์— ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚œ
02:45
who left Africa roughly 70,000 years ago.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
But the corollary of that is that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€
02:50
if we all are brothers and sisters
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค์ด๋ฉฐ
02:52
and share the same genetic material,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์ „์  ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:54
all human populations share the same raw human genius,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์  ์˜๋ฏผํ•จ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
02:56
the same intellectual acuity.
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์›์ดˆ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
And so whether that genius is placed
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
03:00
into -- technological wizardry
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์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—…์ ์ด๋ผ ํ• 
03:02
has been the great achievement of the West --
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์‹ ๊ธฐ์— ์“ฐ์ผ์ง€,
03:05
or by contrast, into unraveling the complex threads
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์‹ ํ™”์— ๋‚ด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜
03:08
of memory inherent in a myth,
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์–ฝํžŒ ์‹ค์„ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ผ์ง€๋Š”
03:10
is simply a matter of choice and cultural orientation.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:12
There is no progression of affairs
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์€
03:14
in human experience.
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์ผ๋ จ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
There is no trajectory of progress. There's no pyramid
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์ง„๋ณด์˜ ๊ถค๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์˜๊ตญ์„
03:18
that conveniently places Victorian England at the apex
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์ •์ ์— ๋‘๊ณ , ์†Œ์œ„ ์›์‹œ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธต์„
03:21
and descends down the flanks
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๋Š”
03:23
to the so-called primitives of the world.
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
All peoples are simply cultural options,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด๊ณ ,
03:28
different visions of life itself.
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์‚ถ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
But what do I mean by different visions of life
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š”
03:32
making for completely different
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'์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ์ƒ'์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ
03:34
possibilities for existence?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:36
Well, let's slip for a moment into the greatest culture sphere
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ณ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ์ค‘
03:38
ever brought into being by the imagination,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:41
that of Polynesia.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
10,000 square kilometers,
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1๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜,
03:45
tens of thousands of islands flung like jewels upon the southern sea.
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๋‚จ์ชฝ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์œ„์— ๋ณด์„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋˜์ ธ์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฌ๋“ค.
03:48
I recently sailed on the Hokulea,
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์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ, ํ•˜์™€์ด์˜ ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ณ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
03:50
named after the sacred star of Hawaii,
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์ด๋ฆ„์ง€์–ด์ง„ Hokulea ์„ฌ๊นŒ์ง€
03:53
throughout the South Pacific to make a film
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ํ•ญํ•ด์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:55
about the navigators.
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๋‚จํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ญํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
These are men and women who, even today, can name
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„, ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ๋ณ„ 250๊ฐœ๋ฅผ
03:59
250 stars in the night sky.
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๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
These are men and women who can sense the presence of distant atolls
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํƒœํ‰์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ฌ๋“ค์ด,
04:04
of islands beyond the visible horizon,
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๋ฒ•์˜ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ํŒ๋…ํ•  ๋•Œ์™€
04:07
simply by watching the reverberation of waves
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๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:09
across the hull of their vessel, knowing full well
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ํŒ๋…ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ตด์ ˆ ํŒจํ„ด์„
04:11
that every island group in the Pacific
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์•„,
04:13
has its unique refractive pattern
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์˜จ ์„ ์ฒด์— ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
04:15
that can be read with the same perspicacity
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๊ฐ€์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„  ๋„ˆ๋จธ ํ™˜์ดˆ์„ฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ
04:18
with which a forensic scientist would read a fingerprint.
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๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
These are sailors who in the darkness, in the hull of the vessel,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋‘  ์† ๋ฐฐ ์œ„์—์„œ
04:23
can distinguish as many as 32 different sea swells
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์•„๋ฌด ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์นด๋ˆ„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋น„๋Š”
04:26
moving through the canoe at any one point in time,
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์ตœ๋Œ€ 32๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„ˆ์šธ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
distinguishing local wave disturbances
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๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŒŒ๋™ ์š”๋ž€๊ณผ ์˜จ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ฅ˜๋„
04:31
from the great currents that pulsate across the ocean,
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:34
that can be followed with the same ease
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์ง€์ƒ์˜ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ฏ
04:36
that a terrestrial explorer would follow a river to the sea.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฑƒ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Indeed, if you took all of the genius
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์ •๋ง๋กœ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:41
that allowed us to put a man on the moon
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์“ฐ์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒœ์žฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๋“ค์„
04:43
and applied it to an understanding of the ocean,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:45
what you would get is Polynesia.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋„ค์‹œ์•„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
And if we slip from the realm of the sea
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์ด์ œ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์™€
04:49
into the realm of the spirit of the imagination,
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์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์˜์  ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋ฉด
04:52
you enter the realm of Tibetan Buddhism.
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ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ ๋ถˆ๊ต์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:54
And I recently made a film called "The Buddhist Science of the Mind."
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ €๋Š” "๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ต ๊ณผํ•™"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Why did we use that word, science?
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์™œ "๊ณผํ•™"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:00
What is science but the empirical pursuit of the truth?
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ง„์‹ค์—์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์ถ”๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
What is Buddhism but 2,500 years
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๋ถˆ๊ต๋Š” 2์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง„
05:04
of empirical observation
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์ •์‹ ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
05:06
as to the nature of mind?
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์‹ค์ฆ์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด์ฃ .
05:08
I travelled for a month in Nepal with our good friend, Matthieu Ricard,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋งˆํ‹ฐ์œ  ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„คํŒ”์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
and you'll remember Matthieu famously said to all of us
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งˆํ‹ฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ TED์—์„œ ์ „์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์„
05:13
here once at TED,
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
"Western science is a major response to minor needs."
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"์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์š•๋ง์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋‹ค."
05:18
We spend all of our lifetime trying to live to be 100
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋นจ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  100์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:20
without losing our teeth.
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ํ‰์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
The Buddhist spends all their lifetime trying to understand the nature of existence.
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๋ถˆ๊ต ์‹ ์ž๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ‰์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃ .
05:25
Our billboards celebrate naked children in underwear.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํŒ์€ ์†์˜ท๋งŒ ์ž…์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์• ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Their billboards are manuals,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํŒ์€ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์ด์ž,
05:29
prayers to the well-being of all sentient creatures.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
And with the blessing of Trulshik Rinpoche, we began a pilgrimage
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ฃฐ์‹œํฌ ๋ฆฐํฌ์ฒด์˜ ์ถ•๋ณต๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋กœ
05:34
to a curious destination,
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ํ•œ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
05:36
accompanied by a great doctor.
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์ˆœ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
And the destination was a single room in a nunnery,
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๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋Š” 55๋…„ ์ „ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
05:41
where a woman had gone into lifelong retreat
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ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์นฉ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ๋˜
05:43
55 years before.
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆ˜๋…€์›์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And en route, we took darshan from Rinpoche,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์ค‘์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฆฐํฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ต™๊ณ 
05:49
and he sat with us and told us about the Four Noble Truths,
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๋ถˆ๊ต์˜ ๊ธธ์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ œ(ๅ››่ซฆ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
05:52
the essence of the Buddhist path.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
All life is suffering. That doesn't mean all life is negative.
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์‚ถ์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ถ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
It means things happen.
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์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
05:59
The cause of suffering is ignorance.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
By that, the Buddha did not mean stupidity;
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๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋‘”ํ•จ์„ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:03
he meant clinging to the illusion
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์‚ถ์ด ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
06:05
that life is static and predictable.
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ํ™˜์ƒ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
The third noble truth said that ignorance can be overcome.
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์‚ฌ์ œ ์ค‘ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฉธ์ œ(ๆป…่ซฆ)๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And the fourth and most important, of course,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ž ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„์ œ(้“่ซฆ)๋Š”
06:11
was the delineation of a contemplative practice
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์Šนํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:13
that not only had the possibility
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:15
of a transformation of the human heart,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š”
06:17
but had 2,500 years of empirical evidence
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2500๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
06:20
that such a transformation was a certainty.
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์‚ฌ์ƒ‰์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
And so, when this door opened onto the face of a woman
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 55๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์  ์—†๋Š”
06:25
who had not been out of that room in 55 years,
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์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
06:28
you did not see a mad woman.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
You saw a woman who was more clear
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฐ ์† ๊ณ„๊ณก์˜ ์—ฐ๋ชป๋ณด๋‹ค
06:32
than a pool of water in a mountain stream.
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๋” ๋ง‘์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
And of course, this is what the Tibetan monks told us.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ ์Šน๋ ค๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:39
They said, at one point, you know, we don't really believe
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"ํ•œ ๋•Œ, ๋ญ๋ž„๊นŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ
06:42
you went to the moon, but you did.
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๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง„์งœ์˜€์ฃ .
06:44
You may not believe that we achieve enlightenment
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๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ „์— ๊นจ์šฐ์นจ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
06:46
in one lifetime, but we do.
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๋ชป ๋ฏฟ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฑด ์ง„์งœ์˜ˆ์š”."
06:49
And if we move from the realm of the spirit
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์˜์  ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€
06:51
to the realm of the physical,
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋ฉด
06:53
to the sacred geography of Peru --
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ํŽ˜๋ฃจ์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
I've always been interested in the relationships of indigenous people
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
that literally believe that the Earth is alive,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:00
responsive to all of their aspirations,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ผ์›๊ณผ ์š”๊ตฌ์—
07:02
all of their needs.
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์‘๋‹ตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
And, of course, the human population
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ธ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ทธ์— ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ
07:06
has its own reciprocal obligations.
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๋•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:08
I spent 30 years living amongst
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์ €๋Š” 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
07:10
the people of Chinchero
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์นœ์ฒด๋กœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
07:12
and I always heard about an event that I always wanted to participate in.
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ์–ด๋–คํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š˜ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Once each year, the fastest young boy
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๋งค๋…„, ๊ฐ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ
07:18
in each hamlet is given the honor of becoming a woman.
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์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
And for one day, he wears the clothing of his sister
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋ˆ„์ด์˜ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ 
07:23
and he becomes a transvestite,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ'์™€๋ผ์นด(waylaka)'๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:25
a waylaka. And for that day,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‚ ์€
07:27
he leads all able-bodied men on a run,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
but it's not your ordinary run.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹Œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ†ต์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
You start off at 11,500 feet.
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ํ•ด๋ฐœ 11,500ํ”ผํŠธ(์•ฝ 3,500๋ฏธํ„ฐ)์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:35
You run down to the base of the sacred mountain, Antakillqa.
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์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ฐ, ์•ˆํŠธํ‚ฌ์นด(Antkilka)์˜ ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
You run up to 15,000 feet,
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๋‹ค์‹œ 15,000ํ”ผํŠธ(์•ฝ 4600ํ”ผํ„ฐ)๊นŒ์ง€ ๋›ฐ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
07:39
descend 3,000 feet.
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3,000ํ”ผํŠธ(์•ฝ 900๋ฏธํ„ฐ) ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
07:41
Climb again over the course of 24 hours.
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”์Šค ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And of course, the waylakama spin,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์™ˆ๋ผ์นด๋งˆ์Šคํ•€(Waylakamaspin),
07:46
the trajectory of the route,
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์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ ๋ฃจํŠธ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋Š”
07:48
is marked by holy mounds of Earth,
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์ฝ”์นด์ธ์ด ๋Œ€์ง€์— ๋ฐ”์ณ์ง€๊ณ ,
07:50
where coke is given to the Earth, libations of alcohol to the wind,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์ฃผ(็ฅž้…’)๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ์˜ ์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ ์ •์ƒ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๋Š”
07:53
the vortex of the feminine is brought to the mountaintop.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๋‘”๋•์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
And the metaphor is clear: you go into the mountain as an individual,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์€์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ž๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€,
07:59
but through exhaustion, through sacrifice,
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ํƒˆ์ง„๊ณผ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด,
08:02
you emerge as a community that has once again
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”
08:04
reaffirmed its sense of place in the planet.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
And at 48, I was the only outsider ever to go through this,
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48์„ธ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์น˜๋ฅธ
08:10
only one to finish it.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
I only managed to do it by chewing more coca leaves in one day
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์ €๋Š” 4000๋…„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ œ์ผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฝ”์นด ์žŽ์„ ์”น์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
08:15
than anyone in the 4,000-year history of the plant.
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์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฒ„ํ…ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
But these localized rituals become pan-Andean,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ์ง€์  ์˜๋ก€๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฐ์Šค ์ง€์—ญ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ํผ์กŒ๊ณ ,
08:21
and these fantastic festivals,
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ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์•„๋ฐ์Šค ์„ฑ๋‹จ์ด ๊ฒจ์šธ ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๋•Œ
08:23
like that of the Qoyllur Rit'i, which occurs
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๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฝˆ์ผ๋ฃจ ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ(Qoyllur Rit'i) ๊ฐ™์€
08:25
when the Pleiades reappear in the winter sky.
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ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ถ•์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
It's kind of like an Andean Woodstock:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ˆ๋ฐ์Šค ํŒ ์šฐ๋“œ์Šคํ†ก ๋ก ํŽ˜์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
60,000 Indians on pilgrimage
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60,000๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋””์–ธ๋“ค์ด
08:32
to the end of a dirt road
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ํ™๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ๋‚˜์นด๋ผ(Sinakara)๋ผ๋Š”
08:34
that leads to the sacred valley, called the Sinakara,
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๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐˆ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตฐ๋ฆผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
08:36
which is dominated by three tongues
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์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณ„๊ณก์œผ๋กœ
08:38
of the great glacier.
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์ˆœ๋ก€ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค์ฃ .
08:40
The metaphor is so clear. You bring the crosses from your community,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์€์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ž๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์†ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์‹ญ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
08:43
in this wonderful fusion of Christian
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์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ๋ฏธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹ ๋…๊ณผ
08:45
and pre-Columbian ideas.
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๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์™€์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด ์œตํ•ฉ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:47
You place the cross into the ice,
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๊ทธ ์‹ญ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ž‰์นด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ฑ์‚ฐ(่–ๅฑฑ),
08:49
in the shadow of Ausangate, the most sacred of all Apus,
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์•„ํ‘ธ(Apu) ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์•„์šฐ์ƒ๊ฐ€ํ…Œ(Ausangate) ์‚ฐ์˜
08:52
or sacred mountains of the Inca.
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๊ทธ๋Š˜์ง„ ๊ณณ ์–ผ์Œ ์•ˆ์— ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
And then you do the ritual dances that empower the crosses.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹ญ์ž๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์ถ•๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ถค์„ ์ถ”์ฃ .
08:57
Now, these ideas and these events
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:59
allow us even to deconstruct iconic places
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๋งˆ์ถ”ํ”ฝ์ถ” ๊ฐ™์€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ์ƒ์ง•์  ์žฅ์†Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋„
09:02
that many of you have been to, like Machu Picchu.
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ํ•ด์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Machu Picchu was never a lost city.
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๋งˆ์ถ”ํ”ฝ์ถ”๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ '์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋„์‹œ'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
On the contrary, it was completely linked in
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค, ์ž‰์นด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ ๋…„๋„ ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์™„์„ฑํ•œ
09:08
to the 14,000 kilometers of royal roads
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14,000ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์™•๋„(็Ž‹้“)์—
09:11
the Inca made in less than a century.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:13
But more importantly, it was linked in
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋งˆ์ถ”ํ”ฝ์ถ”๊ฐ€
09:15
to the Andean notions of sacred geography.
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์„ฑ์ง€(่–ๅœฐ)์˜ ์•ˆ๋ฐ์Šค์  ๊ฐœ๋…์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
The intiwatana, the hitching post to the sun,
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ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ง๋š, ์ธํ‹ฐ์™€ํƒ€๋‚˜(Intiwatana)๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค
09:21
is actually an obelisk that constantly reflects the light
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์™€์ด๋‚˜ํ”ฝ์ถ”(Huayna Picchu)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ถ”ํ”ฝ์ถ”์˜ ์„ฑ์‚ฐ(sacred Apu),
09:24
that falls on the sacred Apu of Machu Picchu,
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์Šˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœํ”„ ์‚ฐ ์œ„๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋น›์„
09:27
which is Sugarloaf Mountain, called Huayna Picchu.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
If you come to the south of the intiwatana, you find an altar.
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์ธํ‹ฐ์™€ํƒ€๋‚˜์˜ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์ œ๋‹จ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
Climb Huayna Picchu, find another altar.
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์™€์ด๋‚˜ ํ”ฝ์ถ”์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ œ๋‹จ์ด ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:35
Take a direct north-south bearing,
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๋‚จ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์„ ์„ ๊ทธ์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด,
09:37
you find to your astonishment
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ ์„ ์ด ์ธํ‹ฐ์™€ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋“ฑ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:39
that it bisects the intiwatana stone,
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์Šค์นด์ด๋ผ์ธ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋ป—์–ด
09:41
goes to the skyline,
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์ž‰์นด ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์ธ
09:43
hits the heart of Salcantay, the second of the most important mountains
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์‚ด์นธํƒ€์ด(Salcantay)์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋‹ฟ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ๋Š”
09:46
of the Incan empire.
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๋‚จ์‹ญ์ž์„ฑ์ด
09:48
And then beyond Salcantay, of course,
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ์ตœ๋‚จ๋‹จ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ,
09:50
when the southern cross reaches the southernmost point in the sky,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋กœ ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
09:53
directly in that same alignment, the Milky Way overhead.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
But what is enveloping Machu Picchu from below?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ถ”ํ”ฝ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
09:59
The sacred river, the Urubamba, or the Vilcanota,
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์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฐ• ์šฐ๋ฃจ๋ฐค๋ฐ”(Urubamba) ๋˜๋Š” ๋นŒ๊นŒ๋…ธ๋”ฐ(Vilcanota) ๊ฐ•์€
10:02
which is itself the Earthly equivalent of the Milky Way,
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๋•…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
10:05
but it's also the trajectory that Viracocha walked
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๋ผ์ฝ”์ฐจ(Virachocha)๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋•Œ
10:08
at the dawn of time when he brought the universe into being.
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์—ฌ๋ช…์ด ๋ฐ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ถค์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
And where does the river rise?
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์ด ๊ฐ•์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:13
Right on the slopes of the Koariti.
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์ฝ”์ด๋ผ์ดํ‹ฐ(Koiariti)๊ฐ€ ๊ตฝ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ
10:17
So, 500 years after Columbus,
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์ฝœ๋กฌ๋ถ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  500๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„,
10:19
these ancient rhythms of landscape
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์ด ํƒœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์ด ์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด
10:22
are played out in ritual.
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์˜์‹์†์—์„œ ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Now, when I was here at the first TED,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ TED์— ์„ฐ์„ ๋•Œ
10:26
I showed this photograph: two men of the Elder Brothers,
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๋‘ํ˜•์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
the descendants, survivors of El Dorado.
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์—˜๋„๋ผ๋„์—์„œ ์ƒ์กดํ•œ ํ›„์˜ˆ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
These, of course, are the descendants
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ณ ๋Œ€
10:35
of the ancient Tairona civilization.
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ํƒ€์ด๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ํ›„์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
If those of you who are here remember that I mentioned
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ค‘ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
that they remain ruled by a ritual priesthood,
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์•„์ง๋„ ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:43
but the training for the priesthood is extraordinary.
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์ด ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ๋ถˆํ—ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Taken from their families, sequestered in a shadowy world of darkness
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ—ค์–ด์ ธ 18๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋‘ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—
10:48
for 18 years -- two nine-year periods deliberately chosen
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๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, 18์€ 9๋…„์„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
10:51
to evoke the nine months they spend in the natural mother's womb.
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์—„๋งˆ ๋ฑƒ์†์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚ธ 9๋‹ฌ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
All that time, the world only exists as an abstraction,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
as they are taught the values of their society.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
Values that maintain the proposition that their prayers,
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ
11:03
and their prayers alone, maintain the cosmic balance.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
Now, the measure of a society is not only what it does,
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:09
but the quality of its aspirations.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์—ผ์›์ด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์—๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
And I always wanted to go back into these mountains,
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์ด๋ง์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž
11:13
to see if this could possibly be true,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
as indeed had been reported by the great anthropologist,
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž ๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ ๋œ๋งˆํ„ฐํ”„์˜
11:19
Reichel-Dolmatoff.
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋œ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด์š”
11:21
So, literally two weeks ago,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 2์ฃผ์ „
11:23
I returned from having spent six weeks with the Elder Brothers
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋‘ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ 6์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
on what was clearly the most
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŠน์ดํ–ˆ๋˜
11:28
extraordinary trip of my life.
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์—ฌํ–‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
These really are a people who live and breathe
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
the realm of the sacred,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ์‹ ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„
11:35
a baroque religiosity that is simply awesome.
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๋ฐ”๋กœํฌ ์ข…๊ต์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
They consume more coca leaves than any human population,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฝ”์นด ์žŽ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:40
half a pound per man, per day.
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ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 230g์ •๋„์š”
11:42
The gourd you see here is --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ•์€
11:45
everything in their lives is symbolic.
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์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ƒ์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:48
Their central metaphor is a loom.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋ฒ ํ‹€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:50
They say, "Upon this loom, I weave my life."
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๋ฒ ํ‹€์œ„์—๋‹ค ์‚ถ์„ ์ง ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ 
11:52
They refer to the movements as they exploit the ecological niches of the gradient
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์ƒํƒœ์  ์ž…์žฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ
11:55
as "threads."
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์‹ค์— ๋น„์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:57
When they pray for the dead, they make these gestures with their hands,
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์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
12:00
spinning their thoughts into the heavens.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ๋ง์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
12:03
You can see the calcium buildup on the head of the poporo gourd.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํฌํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ๊ธด ์บด์Š˜์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:06
The gourd is a feminine aspect; the stick is a male.
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๋ฐ•์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:09
You put the stick in the powder
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๋ง‰๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ์†์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
12:11
to take the sacred ashes -- well, they're not ashes,
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์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌปํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:14
they're burnt limestone --
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ํƒœ์šด ์„ํšŒ์ฃ 
12:15
to empower the coca leaf, to change
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์ฝ”์นด ์žŽ์ด ์ž…์†์˜
12:17
the pH of the mouth to facilitate the absorption
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์ˆ˜์†Œ์ด์˜จ๋†๋„(PH)๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ
12:19
of cocaine hydrochloride.
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์—ผ์‚ฐ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:21
But if you break a gourd, you cannot simply throw it away,
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๊นจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ•์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
12:24
because every stroke of that stick
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๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
12:26
that has built up that calcium,
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์นผ์Š˜์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ณ 
12:28
the measure of a man's life,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ
12:30
has a thought behind it.
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๊ทธ ๋ง‰๋Œ€์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„ ์ด๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”
12:33
Fields are planted in such an extraordinary way,
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๋“คํŒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:35
that the one side of the field
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๋“คํŒ์˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ๋ฉด์€
12:37
is planted like that by the women.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ณ 
12:39
The other side is planted like that by the men. Metaphorically,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋ฉด์€ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์€์œ ์ ์ด์ฃ 
12:42
you turn it on the side, and you have a piece of cloth.
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ํ•œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฒœ์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
And they are the descendants of the ancient Tairona civilization,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ํƒ€์ด๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ํ›„์˜ˆ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:48
the greatest goldsmiths of South America,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธˆ ์„ธ๊ณต์ž๋“ค๋กœ์จ
12:49
who in the wake of the conquest,
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์ •๋ณต์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:51
retreated into this isolated volcanic massif
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์™ธ์ง„ ํ™”์‚ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆจ์–ด๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:54
that soars to 20,000 feet
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์ด ์ง€๋Œ€๋Š” ๋†’์ด 320,000km๋กœ
12:56
above the Caribbean coastal plain.
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์บ๋Ÿฌ๋น„์•ˆ ํ•ด์•ˆํ‰์› ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:58
There are four societies:
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:00
the Kogi, the Wiwa, the Kankwano and the Arhuacos.
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์ฝ”๊ธฐ, ์œ„์™€, ์บ‰์ฟ ๋งˆ์˜ค, ์•„๋ฃจ์•„์ฝ”์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:03
I traveled with the Arhuacos,
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์•„๋ฃจ์•„์ฝ”์Šค์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:05
and the wonderful thing about this story
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์™”๋˜ ์ ์€
13:07
was that this man, Danilo Villafane --
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์•„๋‹ˆ์—˜๋กœ ๋น„ํƒ„์•ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
13:10
if we just jump back here for a second.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ๊น ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด์ฃ 
13:13
When I first met Danilo, in the Colombian embassy in Washington,
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์™€์‹ฑํ„ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
13:16
I couldn't help but say, "You know,
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๋ง์„ ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ 
13:18
you look a lot like an old friend of mine."
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๋‹น์‹  ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฎ์•˜์–ด์š”
13:20
Well, it turns out he was the son of my friend, Adalberto,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์•„๋กœ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋˜์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:23
from 1974, who had been killed by the FARC.
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1974๋…„์— ํŒ”ํฌ์กฑ์— ์ฃฝ์ž„์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:26
And I said, "Danilo, you won't remember this,
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"๋‹ค๋‹๋กœ, ์ž๋„ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
13:29
but when you were an infant, I carried you on my back,
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์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์• ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋„ฌ ์—…๊ณ 
13:31
up and down the mountains."
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์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฝ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฝ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋„ค"
13:33
And because of that, Danilo invited us
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์ด ์ธ์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋‹๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
13:35
to go to the very heart of the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ,
13:37
a place where no journalist had ever been permitted.
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์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ๋„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:39
Not simply to the flanks of the mountains,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:41
but to the very iced peaks which are the destiny of the pilgrims.
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์ˆœ๋ก€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์ธ ๋น™ํ•˜๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:44
And this man sitting cross-legged
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ผฌ๊ณ  ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋Š”
13:46
is now a grown-up Eugenio,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋œ ์œ ์—๋‹ˆ์˜ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:48
a man who I've known since 1974.
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1974๋…„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ์ฃ 
13:51
And this is one of those initiates.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:53
No, it's not true that they're kept in the darkness for 18 years,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด 18๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋‘ ์†์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:56
but they are kept within the confines
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18๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
13:58
of the ceremonial men's circle
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์˜๋ก€์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—
14:00
for 18 years.
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๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:02
This little boy will never step outside
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์ด ์†Œ๋…„์€ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
14:04
of the sacred fields
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์˜๋ก€์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:06
that surround the men's hut for all that time,
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์ด ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:09
until he begins his journey of initiation.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:12
For that entire time, the world only exists as an abstraction,
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๊ทธ ์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:15
as he is taught the values of society,
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
14:17
including this notion that their prayers alone
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋งŒ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
14:19
maintain the cosmic balance.
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๊ฐœ๋…๋„ ์ตํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:22
Before we could begin our journey,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „
14:24
we had to be cleansed at the portal of the Earth.
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๋Œ€์ง€์˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์„ ์ •ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:26
And it was extraordinary to be taken by a priest.
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์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์— ์ด๋Œ๋ ค... ๊ต‰์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:28
And you see that the priest never wears shoes because holy feet --
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๋งˆ๋ชจ ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์•ˆ ์‹ ์–ด์š”
14:31
there must be nothing between the feet
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๋Œ€์ง€์™€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ผ์–ด์„œ๋Š”
14:33
and the Earth for a mamo.
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์•ˆ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:36
And this is actually the place where the Great Mother
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ชจ๊ป˜์„œ
14:38
sent the spindle into the world
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๋ฌผ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด์–ด
14:40
that elevated the mountains and created the homeland
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์‚ฐ์„ ์œต๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ผœ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด๋ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š”
14:42
that they call the heart of the world.
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:44
We traveled high into the paramo,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ† ๋ชจ ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
14:46
and as we crested the hills,
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์–ธ๋•๋“ค์„ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ
14:48
we realized that the men were interpreting
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„
14:50
every single bump on the landscape
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์ข…๊ต์  ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ
14:52
in terms of their own intense religiosity.
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ํ†ต์—ญํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:55
And then of course, as we reached our final destination,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:58
a place called Mamancana,
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๋งˆ๋‚˜๋‚˜์นด๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:00
we were in for a surprise,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋†€๋ž„์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์ง€์š”
15:02
because the FARC were waiting to kidnap us.
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ํŒ”ํฌ์กฑ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฉ์น˜ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:04
And so we ended up being taken aside into these huts,
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์ด ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๋ ค๊ฐ”๊ณ 
15:07
hidden away until the darkness.
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์–ด๋‘์›Œ ์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:09
And then, abandoning all our gear,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„ ์ผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
15:11
we were forced to ride out in the middle of the night,
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ํ•œ ๋ฐค์ค‘์— ๋„๋ง์„ ์ณ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:14
in a quite dramatic scene.
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๊ทน์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด์ฃ 
15:16
It's going to look like a John Ford Western.
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์ฃคํฌ๋“œ ์„œ๋ถ€๊ทน ๊ฐ™๊ฒ ์ฃ 
15:18
And we ran into a FARC patrol at dawn, so it was quite harrowing.
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์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ๋…˜์—์•ผ ํŒ”ํฌ์กฑ ์ž…๊ตฌ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
15:21
It will be a very interesting film. But what was fascinating
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์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž„ ์ผ์€
15:24
is that the minute there was a sense of dangers,
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
15:26
the mamos went into a circle of divination.
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๋งˆ๋ชจ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์„ ์น˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:29
And of course, this is a photograph
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
15:31
literally taken the night we were in hiding,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ์„ ๊ทธ๋•Œ
15:33
as they divine their route
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๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:35
to take us out of the mountains.
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๊ฐˆ๊ธธ์„ ์ ์น  ๋•Œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:37
We were able to, because we had trained
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์˜ํ™”์ œ์ž‘์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„
15:39
people in filmmaking,
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๋ฐ›์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
15:41
continue with our work,
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์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
15:43
and send our Wiwa and Arhuaco filmmakers
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์œ„์™€ ์•„๋ฃจ์•„์ฝ” ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋“ค์„
15:46
to the final sacred lakes
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
15:48
to get the last shots for the film,
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์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰๋„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
and we followed the rest of the Arhuaco back to the sea,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฃจ์•„์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์™”๊ณ 
15:52
taking the elements from the highlands to the sea.
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๊ณ ์‚ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์šด์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:55
And here you see how their sacred landscape
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋•…์ด
15:57
has been covered by brothels and hotels and casinos,
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์œ ๊ณฝ๊ณผ ํ˜ธํ…”, ์นด์ง€๋…ธ๋กœ ๋’ค ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์š”
16:00
and yet, still they pray.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:03
And it's an amazing thing to think
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
16:05
that this close to Miami,
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๋งˆ์ด์—๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์—
16:08
two hours from Miami, there is an entire civilization of people
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ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
16:11
praying every day for your well-being.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:14
They call themselves the Elder Brothers.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํฐํ˜•์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:16
They dismiss the rest of us who have ruined the world
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ง์น˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
16:19
as the Younger Brothers. They cannot understand
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๋™์ƒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ ์น˜๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
why it is that we do what we do to the Earth.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง“์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:24
Now, if we slip to another end of the world,
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธํŽธ์˜ ๋์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ฃ 
16:26
I was up in the high Arctic
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ
16:28
to tell a story about global warming,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ด ์•„ํฌํ‹ฑ(high Arctic)์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด์š”
16:30
inspired in part by
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์ „ ๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์“ด ์ฑ…์—
16:32
the former Vice President's wonderful book.
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์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
16:34
And what struck me so extraordinary
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
16:36
was to be again with the Inuit --
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์ด๋ˆ„ํŠธ์กฑ ์–˜๊ธฐ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
16:38
a people who don't fear the cold, but take advantage of it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•˜์ง€์•Š๊ณ  ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:41
A people who
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€
16:43
find a way, with their imagination,
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์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์›ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋น™ํ•˜์˜ ๋•…์—์„œ
16:45
to carve life out of that very frozen.
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์‚ถ์„ ์กฐ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:48
A people for whom blood on ice
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์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น™ํŒ์œ„์˜ ํ”ผ๋Š”
16:50
is not a sign of death, but an affirmation of life.
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์ฃฝ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์žฌ ํ™•์ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:53
And yet tragically, when you now go to those northern communities,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ถ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
16:55
you find to your astonishment
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„
16:57
that whereas the sea ice used to come in in September
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9์›”์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
16:59
and stay till July,
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7์›” ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋˜
17:01
in a place like Kanak in northern Greenland,
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๋ถ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋žœ๋“œ ์นด๋‚™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด
17:03
it literally comes in now in November
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 11์›”์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
17:05
and stays until March.
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3์›” ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ์—…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:07
So, their entire year has been cut in half.
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์ผ๋…„์ด ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
17:10
Now, I want to stress that none of these peoples
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:12
that I've been quickly talking about here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฏผ์กฑ๋“ค๋„
17:14
are disappearing worlds.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:16
These are not dying peoples.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:18
On the contrary, you know,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:20
if you have the heart to feel and the eyes to see,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:22
you discover that the world is not flat.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:24
The world remains a rich tapestry.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ํƒœํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:27
It remains a rich topography of the spirit.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ํƒœํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:30
These myriad voices of humanity
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์ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:32
are not failed attempts at being new,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์— ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:34
failed attempts at being modern.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์‹œ๋„์— ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:36
They're unique facets of the human imagination.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:38
They're unique answers to a fundamental question:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:41
what does it mean to be human and alive?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€
17:44
And when asked that question, they respond
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 6,000๊ฐœ์˜
17:46
with 6,000 different voices.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:48
And collectively, those voices become our human repertoire
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€
17:51
for dealing with the challenges that will confront us
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„์— ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์ „์—
17:53
in the ensuing millennia.
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๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ ˆํผํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
Our industrial society is scarcely
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ ์ด์ œ
17:57
300 years old.
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300๋…„ ๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:59
That shallow history shouldn't suggest to anyone
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์ด ์งง์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„
18:01
that we have all of the answers
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„์—
18:03
for all of the questions that will confront us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต์„
18:05
in the ensuing millennia.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:07
The myriad voices of humanity are not failed attempts at being us.
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:10
They are unique answers to that fundamental question:
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๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:13
what does it mean to be human and alive?
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
18:15
And there is indeed a fire burning over the Earth,
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์‹ค์ง€๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์œ„์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์ด ํƒ€์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:18
taking with it not only plants and animals,
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์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
18:21
but the legacy of humanity's brilliance.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฟœ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ด‘์ฑ„๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด์š”
18:23
Right now, as we sit here in this room,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„
18:25
of those 6,000 languages spoken the day that you were born,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋‚ ์—๋„ ์“ฐ์˜€๋˜ 6000๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋“ค,
18:28
fully half aren't being taught to children.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ฐ˜์ด์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:31
So, you're living through a time
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ
18:32
when virtually half of humanity's intellectual,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์˜์ ์œ ์‚ฐ์ด
18:35
social and spiritual legacy
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
18:37
is being allowed to slip away.
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์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:39
This does not have to happen.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:41
These peoples are not failed attempts at being modern --
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:44
quaint and colorful and destined to fade away
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๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ์˜ํ•ด
18:46
as if by natural law.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ์šด๋ช…์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:48
In every case, these are dynamic, living peoples
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ํž˜์— ์˜ํ•œ
18:50
being driven out of existence by identifiable forces.
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์ƒ์กด์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฒช์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:53
That's actually an optimistic observation,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์ด์ง€์š”
18:56
because it suggests that if human beings
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ
18:58
are the agents of cultural destruction,
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ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:00
we can also be, and must be,
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๋ฎจํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”
19:02
the facilitators of cultural survival.
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์ฃผ์ฒด๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:04
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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