This company pays kids to do their math homework | Mohamad Jebara

70,591 views ใƒป 2018-03-02

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoonyoung Chang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
For as long as I remember, I've loved mathematics.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Actually, it's not 100 percent true.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค 100% ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
00:20
I've loved mathematics for all but a two-week period
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋Š˜ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋”ฑ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:24
in senior high school.
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:26
I was top of my class,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ 1๋“ฑ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:28
and we were about to start the Extension Maths course.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ™” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
I was really excited about this brand new topic coming up,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ง„๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
complex numbers.
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๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜€์ฃ .
00:36
I like complex.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
My teacher was priming us for the concepts
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์žก์•„์ฃผ์‹œ๋ ค๊ณ 
00:40
with some questions about square roots.
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์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋‚ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Square of nine -- three;
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9์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€? 3
00:44
square of 256 -- sixteen.
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256์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ? 16
00:46
Too easy.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‰ฌ์› ์ฃ .
00:48
Then she asked the trick question:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
What about the square root of negative one?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด -1์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€?
00:53
Of course, we were all over it --
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:55
"Come on, Miss!
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"์—์ด, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜!
00:56
We all know you can't take the square root of a negative."
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๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค์—๋Š” ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ž–์•„์š”."
00:59
"That's true in the real world," she said.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ
01:02
"But in the complex world,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”,
01:04
the square root of negative one is the imaginary number i."
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-1์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€ ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜ i๋ž€๋‹ค."
01:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:12
That day,
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๊ทธ ๋‚ 
01:13
my entire mathematical world came crashing down on me.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์˜จ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
01:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:18
"Imaginary numbers?
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"ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ ?
01:19
Seriously?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด ๋ผ?
01:21
But mathematics is a source of truth,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์ง„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด์ž–์•„,
01:23
please don't go abstract on me.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ผ์ฃ .
01:25
I would have studied art
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€.
01:27
if I wanted to play with imaginary numbers."
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ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฑฐ์˜€์œผ๋ฉด."
01:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:31
"This is Extension Maths, let's get back with our program!"
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"์‹ฌํ™” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž–์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆ˜์—…ํ•ด์š”!" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:34
She didn't,
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์ฃ .
01:36
and over the next couple of weeks,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์•ฝ 2์ฃผ๊ฐ„
01:37
I reluctantly performed meaningless calculations,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ์˜๋ฏธ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์–ต์ง€๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
(Laughter)
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01:42
finding imaginary solutions to quadratic equations.
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์ด์ฐจ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:46
But then something amazing happened.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
We began finding elegant solutions
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๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:51
to real-world problems we previously had no answers to,
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์ „์—๋Š” ํ’€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:55
starting with the complex world of imaginary numbers.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:59
So some mathematician 500 years ago
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500๋…„ ์ „ ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
02:02
decides to have some fun and make up these imaginary numbers,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
02:06
and because of that we can now derive these amazing identities
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๋•๋ถ„์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋ง‰ํžŒ ํ•ญ๋“ฑ์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•ด
02:11
with applications in the real world,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:13
in fields like electrical engineering.
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์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์š”.
02:16
Wow!
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์™€์šฐ!
02:17
I gained a whole new level of appreciation for mathematics.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์‹ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
02:21
And after my brief mistrust,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งง์€ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ
02:24
I was now in love with the subject more than ever.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Francis Su, the mathematician, sums it up beautifully when he says,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž ํ”„๋žœ์‹œ์Šค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
"We study mathematics for play, for beauty,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:37
for truth,
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์ง„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
02:38
for justice and for love."
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์ •์˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค."
02:41
But if you ask a student today,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฆ˜ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
02:43
you'll probably hear a different story.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
You might hear "difficult" and "boring."
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์•„๋งˆ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:48
And they might be right about difficult.
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์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋งž์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
But it's certainly not boring.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
In fact, I'd say being difficult to master
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:56
is part of what makes it beautiful.
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๋” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:58
Because nothing worth doing is easy.
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์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:02
So we need students to stick around long enough through the difficult parts
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํž˜๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:06
to appreciate the beauty when it all ties together.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Much like I did for that brief couple of weeks in high school.
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋•Œ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:14
Unfortunately, our school systems --
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:17
we move students through mathematics in a lockstep process.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ง„๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
So those who fall a little behind
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋’ค์ณ์ง€๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€
03:23
find it near impossible to ever catch up and appreciate that beauty.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”์ปค๋…• ์ง„๋„ ์ซ“์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
But why is this a problem?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์™œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:29
Why should we care?
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์™œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:31
Well today, more than ever,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ , ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
03:32
our world needs every citizen to be skilled in mathematics.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
With the advent of artificial intelligence and automation,
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
03:40
many of the jobs we see today will either not exist
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ง์—…๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:43
or be transformed to require less routine work
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๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด์™€
03:46
and more analysis and application of expertise.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ง€์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
But we're not producing the extra mathematics students
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ •์ž‘ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ ์—ญํ• ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ธ์žฌ๋“ค์„
03:53
to fill these new roles.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:54
This graph shows the number of students
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ
03:56
taking Standard Mathematics
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ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ
03:58
and Advanced Mathematics
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ด์ˆ˜ํ•œ
04:01
over a period of 20 years in Australia.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
It's clear that while we have demand for mathematics skills rapidly increasing,
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š” ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:09
supply is in steady decline.
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๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ค„๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
To put things in perspective,
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
04:15
half of the students completing high school today in Australia
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์ƒ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€
04:20
are not prepared to understand any argument
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ
04:23
about rates of change in data.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
In this digital age
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
04:28
where fake news can influence election results,
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๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:32
this is very concerning.
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๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Let me give you a concrete example.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:37
Let's take a closer look at that graph.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
04:39
Can everyone see what I've done there to stress my point?
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์ œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์†์„ ์ข€ ๋Œ”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
04:42
If you can't, let me show you now,
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๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
with the vertical axis starting at zero, where it should be.
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์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•์ด 0๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:49
There, you see it now, right?
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์ด์ œ ์ฐพ์œผ์…จ๋‚˜์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:50
It's the exact same data
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:52
but I've manipulated the representation to influence you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And that's cool, that's my job up here.
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๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
04:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:00
But in all seriousness,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ
05:01
unless we do something
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๋ญ๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
05:03
to drastically improve student engagement with mathematics,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํญ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:06
we'll not only have a huge skills shortage crisis
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:10
but a fickle population,
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๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ
05:12
easily manipulated by whoever can get the most air time.
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์žฅ์•…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
So what's the solution?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:19
There are a lot of things we have to do.
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
We need curriculum reform.
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๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐœ์„  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
05:23
We need our best and brightest encouraged to become teachers.
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์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
We need to put an end to high-stakes tests
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๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์‹œํ—˜์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:30
and instead follow a mastery-based learning approach.
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
But all these things take time.
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์ „๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:37
And I'm impatient.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
See, I've been thinking about this for eight years now.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 8๋…„์งธ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Ever since I left my job as a derivative trader
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ํŒŒ์ƒ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘๊ณ 
05:46
to build a web application to help students learn mathematics.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํ•™์Šต ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:50
Today, our app is used by schools across the globe.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ ์•ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:54
And we're seeing big improvements
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
for students who use the program regularly.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
05:59
But here's the thing --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
we're only seeing it for students who use the program regularly.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
And most of them don't.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
06:09
So after years of developing and refining the application,
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ
06:13
our biggest challenge was not so much product related,
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๊ด€๊ฑด์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:16
our biggest challenge was motivating students
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
to want to work on their gaps in understanding.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:23
You can imagine in today's attention economy,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
06:25
we're competing against Facebook, Snapchat and PlayStation
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ์Šค๋ƒ…์ƒท, ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•ด
06:29
to try and get these students' time.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
So we went back to the drawing board
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€
06:33
and started to think about how we could make it worthwhile
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
for students to spend some of their "attention budget"
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ '๊ด€์‹ฌ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ' ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
06:40
on their education.
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๊ต์œก์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:42
We tinkered with gamification elements
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๊ฒŒ์ด๋ฏธํ”ผ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์จ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:44
like points, badges and avatars,
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ํฌ์ธํŠธ, ๋ฑƒ์ง€, ์•„๋ฐ”ํƒ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:47
and we'd see a temporary spike in engagement
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์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:50
but things would go back to normal as soon as the novelty wore off.
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์‹ ์„ ํ•จ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋‹ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์›์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:54
Then one day, my cofounder, Alvin,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ๊ณต๋™ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž์ธ ์•จ๋นˆ์ด
06:56
came across a study of students in Chicago
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:59
led by the behavioral economist, Steven Levitt,
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ํ–‰๋™๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์ธ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ๋ ˆ๋น— ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
where they paid students who improved on their test scores.
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์„ฑ์ ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:06
He started telling me about some of the things they tested for
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๋ ˆ๋น— ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:09
and the interesting findings they had.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
For instance, they found that incentivizing students for inputs,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด,
07:17
like effort,
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:18
worked a lot better than incentivizing for outputs,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
like test scores.
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์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:24
They found that for younger students, you could win them over with a trophy
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €ํ•™๋…„๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ •๋„๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:27
but for older students,
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๊ณ ํ•™๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
07:29
you really needed cash.
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ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:32
And the amount of cash mattered -- 10 dollars was good,
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๋ณด์ƒ ์•ก์ˆ˜๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:35
20 dollars -- even better.
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20๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
But perhaps most importantly,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:40
they found that the rewards had to be instant
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๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
rather than promised at a later date.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ ์š”.
07:45
They went as far as to give the students 20 dollars and say,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 20๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
"Touch it, feel it, smell it --"
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"๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋„ ๋งก์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”."
07:50
(Sniffing)
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(ํ‚ํ‚)
07:51
"It's all yours.
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"์ „๋ถ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:53
But if you fail, I'm going to take it back."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜๋ฉด ๋Œ๋ ค ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:55
And that worked really well.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ •๋ง ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํƒ์›”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
I immediately got excited
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์„ค๋ ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
about the possibilities of implementing this in our program.
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์ €ํฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
08:03
But once the excitement settled down,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ
08:05
there were a few concerns that crept in our minds.
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๊ฑฑ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:08
Firstly,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฑฑ์ •์€,
08:10
was this ethical?
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์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์˜€๊ณ 
08:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:12
Secondly, how would we fund this thing?
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ ํ™•๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:16
And finally,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฑฑ์ •์€
08:17
would the results be sustained if the students were no longer paid?
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๋ณด์ƒ ์—†์ด๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
Now, let's look at the ethical part first.
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๋จผ์ € ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
08:23
I'm a bit of a mathematical purist.
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ฃผ์˜์ž ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
So I'd be one of the first people to say that we should study mathematics
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
08:29
for the sake of mathematics.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Remember -- for play, for beauty, for truth, for justice and for love!
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์žฌ๋ฏธ, ๋งค๋ ฅ, ์ง„์‹ค, ์ •์˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
08:36
Not for money!
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๋ˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:39
As I struggled with this, I came to see that,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ €๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
while it's a way I look at mathematics now,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํƒœ๋„๋Š”
08:43
it's only because I studied it long enough to appreciate it.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
08:47
It's very difficult to tell a student struggling with mathematics today
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ
08:50
to work hard for a payoff in the distant future.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ, ์ปค์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
And it's not so much bribery that's at work here,
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฐ
08:56
because I could bribe students
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:58
by telling them about my big bonuses in my derivative trading days
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์ƒ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ์ƒ์—ฌ๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:02
as a reward for doing well at maths.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:04
But it doesn't pay off for a very long time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•œ์ฐธ ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
So it's practically naught.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:10
Behavioral economists call this hyperbolic discounting.
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ํ–‰๋™๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฑธ '๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ„ํ•˜ ํšจ๊ณผ'๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
And Levitt goes as far as to say
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๋ ˆ๋น— ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
that all motivating power vanishes
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:18
when rewards are handed out with a delay.
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๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
09:21
So, from a purely economic point of view:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด
09:26
if we don't use immediate incentives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:29
we are underinvesting in student outcomes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
I took heart from that, and came to see that as a society,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:36
we're actually quite used to financial incentives.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์ „์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ƒ์— ๊ฝค ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Whether it be by the government, by employers or at home.
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์ •๋ถ€ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธˆ์ด๋“ , ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ƒ์—ฌ๊ธˆ์ด๋“ , ์šฉ๋ˆ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:42
For instance, many parents would pay their children
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
09:45
an allowance or pocket money for doing chores in the house.
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์ง‘์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ๋„์šฐ๋ฉด ์šฉ๋ˆ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
So it wasn't really all that controversial.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋…ผ๋ž€๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
09:51
As I thought about that,
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
09:53
it started to answer that second question of how we were going to fund this.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ธ ์ž๊ธˆ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Naturally, parents are the most invested in their children's education.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ์ž๋…€ ๊ต์œก์— ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
So, let's charge them a weekly subscription fee
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ฃผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ด์šฉ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
10:04
to use our program,
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์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
but --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ
10:07
if the students complete their weekly maths goal,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ฃผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด
10:10
we'll refund the subscription amount directly into the child's bank account.
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์ง€๋ถˆํ•œ ์ด์šฉ๋ฃŒ ์ „์•ก์„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™˜๋ถˆํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
We chose three exercises completed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
over a one week period
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ์—์š”.
10:21
for a 10 dollar reward.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:23
That way we're incentivizing effort rather than performance
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:27
over a short enough period
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๊ณผ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์งง๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:29
and with a substantial enough payout for the students to care.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ๋งŒํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฑ…์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
Now, I remember when I first told my wife about this new business model.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ด ์‹ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋‚ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
10:37
If she had any doubt left that I've gone completely mad,
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์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ •์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
10:42
that pretty much confirmed it for her.
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๊ทธ ์˜์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:45
She said to me, "Mo ...
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š”, "์—ฌ๋ณด...
10:47
you realize that if everybody does their homework, which you want,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:51
you're not going to make any revenue, which you don't want.
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ํ•œ ํ‘ผ๋„ ๋ฒŒ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ? ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
10:54
Great business model."
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๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋„ค์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:56
I say it's more like an antibusiness model,
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์ œ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—…์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
it's free if you use it, but you pay if you don't.
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์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๊ณ , ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:03
Now, I knew from experience
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ƒ
11:04
that not everybody in the country was going to jump on
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์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด
11:07
and do their maths homework every week.
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๋งค์ฃผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
And if they did, sure we'd go bust pretty quickly,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ €ํฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:11
but hey, we would have solved the country's maths skills crisis.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:17
As a company, we've always run a double bottom line,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์ด์ค‘ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
looking to both make a return for investors
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:22
as well as improve student outcomes.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์ฃ .
11:24
We know that our path to long-term profitability
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด
11:27
is through improving student outcomes.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
So our dual objectives should never be at odds.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ด์ค‘ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
So we're always looking
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
11:38
to make our product decisions
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์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋Š”
11:39
around helping students reach their weekly maths goal,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ฃผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
effectively ensuring that they get paid
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:45
and not us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
11:47
Now you must be wondering: How is this crazy business model going?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ž˜ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
11:51
You'll be glad to know we're still in business.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
We've been testing this now for the last five months
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์ด ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ง€๋‚œ 5๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
on just our personal home users in Australia
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ • ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
11:59
before we think about rolling it out to schools.
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๋„์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:02
And here are the early results.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์น˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
The green represents students who are completing their weekly maths goal
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๋…น์ƒ‰์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ 
12:08
and the red those who aren't.
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๋นจ๊ฐ•์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
You can see a lot more completing their homework than not.
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๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
In fact, as our user base has grown,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์ ธ๋„
12:15
we found the percentage to be pretty steady, at around 75 percent.
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75%์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์œจ์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
So on average, we receive our weekly subscription fee
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
12:23
once every four weeks,
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๋งค 4์ฃผ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ
12:25
and the other three weeks, we're rewarding the students.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Now of course we're leaving some money on the table here,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์ถœ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
but guess what?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
It turns out these students
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๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€
12:35
are 70 percent more engaged than students not on the reward program.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค 70%๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Check.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋์ฃ .
12:44
From a business perspective,
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์‚ฌ์—…์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”,
12:46
they are less likely to churn
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์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ดํƒˆ์œจ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
12:48
and more likely to refer friends,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์ฃ .
12:50
so we're hoping to trade off a lower revenue per user
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„๋ก ํšŒ์›๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ต์œจ์€ ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ
12:53
for a bigger and more engaged user base.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ถฉ์„ฑ๋„ ๋†’์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํ™•๋ณด๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Check and check.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋์ฃ .
12:59
Now for that final question.
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์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
Would they keep coming back if they were no longer paid?
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:04
Mathematics is so much more than just a subject you study at school.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
It's a human endeavor.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ํ•™๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
It's what helps us to understand the world around us.
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์„ธ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
And the more you know, the more you want to know.
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์•Œ๋ฉด ์•Œ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:17
So yes, we've triggered initial engagement
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
with a financial reward.
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๊ธˆ์ „์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:22
But in the long run,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
13:24
the money won't matter anymore.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
Because in the long run,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”,
13:27
the wonder of mathematics will be the incentive
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์›€ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
13:30
and understanding it
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๊ทธ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์›€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:32
will be the reward.
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๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๋ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:34
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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