How COVID-19 human challenge trials work -- and why I volunteered | Sophie Rose

48,219 views

2020-12-01 ใƒป TED


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How COVID-19 human challenge trials work -- and why I volunteered | Sophie Rose

48,219 views ใƒป 2020-12-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ 10์›” 26์ผ 2020๋…„์— ์ดฌ์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ
์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Š”
์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” 2020๋…„ 5์›”์—
00:13
[Recorded on October 26, 2020.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
COVID-19 vaccine development
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00:16
and ethical considerations around human challenge trials
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์ €๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜-19 ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
are constantly evolving.]
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00:20
In April 2020,
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์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ์€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
00:21
I made what many perceive as a risky decision.
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์ Š๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งž๊ณ 
00:25
I volunteered to be deliberately infected with COVID-19.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
This infection would be part of what is called a human challenge trial,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œํ—˜๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
00:32
where young, healthy people are given a vaccine
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ์„ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
and are deliberately exposed to the virus that causes COVID-19.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ 6๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:39
These trials help researchers figure out more quickly
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:42
if a vaccine is working.
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์•ฝ 1,250๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ํ™•์ง„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
00:45
I think this research is crucial,
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00:47
because today, I'm going to speak to you for six minutes.
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21๋ช…์ด ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
In that time,
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฐ›๋Š”
00:51
roughly 1,250 people will be confirmed infected with COVID-19.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งž์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
00:56
Twenty-one people will die.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:59
And then this pattern will repeat hour after hour and day by day,
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
until we're able to vaccinate most of the eight billion people
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ๋™์•ˆ
01:06
affected by this global crisis.
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01:09
Scientists have been working around the clock
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:11
to make those vaccines a reality.
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
01:14
But what should we do when the human cost of waiting for those vaccines
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์•ฝ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ํ›„
01:17
is rising by the day?
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์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”
01:19
This is where human challenge trials come in.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
They're different from the traditional phase three vaccine trials
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
01:25
taking place now,
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01:26
where people are given a vaccine or placebo
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๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
and asked to go about their everyday lives.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Here, researchers have to wait to see how many people in each group
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์œ ํšจํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:35
become infected.
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๋ช‡๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ช‡๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Until enough of them get sick,
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01:38
we don't have enough data to know whether a vaccine is working.
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๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Finding an effective vaccine with this method
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ์„ ์ œ์–ด ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
์‹คํ—˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ์—
01:44
can take months or sometimes years,
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
and it requires thousands of volunteers.
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์œ ํšจํ•œ์ง€
01:50
A challenge trial works faster
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๋ช‡๋…„ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
01:52
because researchers control exposure,
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์•ˆ์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
instead of waiting for people to get sick.
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
01:56
So instead of a year,
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50์—์„œ 100๋ช…์˜ ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:58
we could know in as little as a month
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋…ธ์ถœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
02:00
whether a vaccine seems effective.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Instead of thousands of volunteers,
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02:04
a challenge trial relies on just 50 to 100.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
Because we know for certain
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02:09
when people are exposed and develop disease,
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์ฆ์ƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:12
these trials also allow us to gather data
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
about the early stages of infection and our immune response.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์‹์€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ „์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:18
This data is impossible to gather in any other way,
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์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
especially for people who become infected but never show symptoms.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์€
๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—
02:26
This knowledge is important for designing policies
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ํฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
that limit COVID-19 transmission.
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02:31
The time saved translates into precious months' head start
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3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์“ธ๋ชจ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
on manufacturing,
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02:36
getting us more working COVID-19 vaccines faster.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์‹œ์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
These trials are useful --
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
even though recent phase three results sound encouraging.
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02:44
The arrival of the first vaccine is going to be a monumental breakthrough.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
It just isn't quite the fairytale ending we're all hoping for.
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02:53
We're going to need multiple vaccines,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
02:55
because we just don't have the infrastructure needed
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ์ €์žฅ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
to immunize all eight billion people on the planet with just one kind.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:01
Each type of vaccine requires its own special process and equipment
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๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๊ฐ™์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
to make, store and deliver it.
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์‹คํ—˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ž…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
03:08
If we had multiple working COVID-19 vaccines,
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋ณด๊ด€๋˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
we could make use of all of our equipment at the same time.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
ํŠนํžˆ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜
03:15
Some of the leading candidates need to be kept extremely cold
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ด€๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
before they are delivered to people.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋ช‡๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
This can be really hard,
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03:21
especially in countries where there isn't reliable electricity
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์€
์žฅํ‹ฐํ‘ธ์Šค์™€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
or a secure method to store them.
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๋˜ ๋…๊ฐ, ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:27
Scientists have been using human challenge trials
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03:29
for hundreds of years.
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๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
They've sped up the development of vaccines against typhoid and cholera,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
and they've helped us better understand how immunity develops
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03:38
to things like the flu, malaria and dengue.
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
We've even used them for other types of coronavirus before.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
There's been a lot of debate
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์€ 20์‚ด์—์„œ 29์‚ด ์‚ฌ์ด์—
03:48
about whether challenge trials are too risky.
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์ Š๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋งŒ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
I happen to think that those risks are worth taking.
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1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ
03:54
A challenge trial would only recruit young and healthy participants --
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ํ›„์— ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
think between the ages of 20 and 29.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ—˜์ž๋“ค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์‹คํžˆ ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:01
Fewer than one percent of people in that age-group
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์‹คํ—˜์ž๋“ค์˜
04:04
need to be taken to hospital after becoming infected with COVID-19.
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์น˜์‚ฌ์œจ์€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–ด๋ฆผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
04:08
So it would likely be even lower in a challenge trial,
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04:11
because researchers check to make sure
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์ฃฝ์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ 0.005๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
that participants have no preexisting conditions.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 10๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ 20๋Œ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ž ๋งˆ๋‹ค
04:16
The risk of a young healthy person dying of COVID-19
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5๋ช…์ด ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
is around five thousandths of a percent.
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04:22
That means for every 100,000 20-year-olds who become infected with COVID-19,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๋ถ„๋งŒ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
about five die.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:30
If I were to give birth in the United States,
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์ œ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์žฅ์ธ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
04:32
my risk of dying would be higher than that.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋„ ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ œ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:36
Or you could choose to think about it this way.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:39
If my little sister needed a kidney,
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์ด์ •๋„ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:41
I wouldn't hesitate for a moment before I offered her mine.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜
04:44
And if I can take on that risk to benefit a loved one,
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ค„
04:48
it makes sense to allow people to take on a similar risk
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ํœด์œ ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:51
to speed up the development of a vaccine
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์•„์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:53
that would benefit not just their loved ones,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:56
but everyone around them as well.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์›Œ
04:58
There's a lot we still don't know,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
especially about the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection.
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๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜์˜
05:04
I volunteered despite that uncertainty
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ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
05:06
because like many of you, I feel frustrated
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05:08
knowing that hundreds of thousands of people are dying.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ง€์›์„ ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
And that's without mentioning the millions more who are struggling
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์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
as measures to stop the spread take a toll on their physical,
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5์›”๋‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 39,000๋ช…์ด
05:18
emotional and mental well-being.
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โ€œ1Day Soonerโ€ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ
05:20
It turns out I'm not alone in feeling this way.
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Since May, over 39,000 people from across the world
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
05:27
have volunteered to participate in potential COVID-19 challenge trials
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๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
through a nonprofit I helped found called 1Day Sooner.
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5์›”์— ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š”
05:34
We advocate for challenge trial participants
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์—
05:37
and have been encouraging stakeholders to begin preparing for these trials.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” "1Day Sooner"๋ฅผ
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
05:41
As early as May,
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05:43
when challenge trials were still being considered
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์ข‹์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ผ ๋งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
for their role in the fight against COVID-19,
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10์›” ์ค‘์ˆœ์—
์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
05:48
the World Health Organization cited 1Day Sooner
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2021๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
as an example of the kind of public engagement needed
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05:53
to run a challenge trial.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ—™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
In mid-October,
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05:56
the UK government formally announced their intention
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05:59
to conduct a challenge trial at the beginning of 2021.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ฒผ๊ณ 
๋งŽ์€ ์ตœ์ „์„ ์˜ ์˜์›…๋“ค์„ ๋‹๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:03
It is clear that the COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
It has inspired record-shattering innovation,
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
and it has highlighted the heroic acts of many frontline workers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€
06:13
but is has also taken a catastrophic toll.
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
The arrival of each new vaccine brings us one step closer to rebuilding.
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06:20
But the true global solution
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
lies in those vaccines being in the hands of people all over the world.
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06:26
Challenge trials could be a part of that solution.
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06:30
Thank you.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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