Jonathan Haidt: How common threats can make common (political) ground

72,680 views 惻 2013-01-07

TED


ģ•„ėž˜ ģ˜ė¬øģžė§‰ģ„ ė”ėø”ķ“ė¦­ķ•˜ģ‹œė©“ ģ˜ģƒģ“ ģž¬ģƒė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ė²ˆģ—­: Simon Park ź²€ķ† : Jeongseok Son
00:15
So if you've been following the news,
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ģµœź·¼ ė‰“ģŠ¤ģ— ź“€ģ‹¬ģ“ ģžˆģœ¼ģ…Øė‹¤ė©“
00:17
you've heard that there's a pack of giant asteroids
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ź±°ėŒ€ķ•œ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ė“¤ģ˜ ģ§‘ķ•©ģ²“ź°€
00:20
headed for the United States,
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ėÆøźµ­ģ„ ķ–„ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆź³ ,
00:21
all scheduled to strike within the next 50 years.
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50ė…„ ģ•ˆģ— ģ§€źµ¬ģ™€ ģ¶©ėŒķ•  ź²ƒģœ¼ė”œ ģ˜ˆģƒėœė‹¤ėŠ” ģ†Œģ‹ģ„ ė“¤ģ–“ė³“ģ…Øģ„ ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:24
Now I don't mean actual asteroids made of rock and metal.
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ģ§€źøˆ ģ €ėŠ” ėŒź³¼ źøˆģ†ģœ¼ė”œ ėœ ģ§„ģ§œ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ„ ė§ķ•˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģ“ ģ•„ė‹™ė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:27
That actually wouldn't be such a problem,
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ź·øź±“ ź·øė¦¬ ķ° ė¬øģ œź°€ ģ•„ė‹ˆģ§€ģš”.
00:29
because if we were really all going to die,
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ģš°ė¦¬ ėŖØė‘ź°€ ģ£½ģ„ ģƒķ™©ģ“ė¼ė©“
00:31
we would put aside our differences, we'd spend whatever it took,
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ģ„œė”œģ˜ ģ°Øģ“ė„¼ ģ œģ³ė†“ź³ , ź·ø ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ„ ķ”¼ķ•“ź°ˆ ė°©ė²•ģ„
00:34
and we'd find a way to deflect them.
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ģ°¾ėŠ”ė°ģ— ģ „ė „ģ„ ģŸģ„ ķ…Œė‹ˆź¹Œģš”.
00:36
I'm talking instead about threats that are headed our way,
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ģ €ėŠ” ģš°ė¦¬ė„¼ ķ–„ķ•œ ģœ„ķ˜‘ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ė§ģ”€ė“œė¦¬ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:39
but they're wrapped in a special energy field
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ģ“ė“¤ģ€ ģš°ė¦¬ė„¼ ģ–‘ź·¹ė‹Øģœ¼ė”œ ėŖØėŠ” ķŠ¹ė³„ķ•œ ķž˜ģ“ ģžˆź³ ,
00:41
that polarizes us, and therefore paralyzes us.
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ė”°ė¼ģ„œ ģš°ė¦¬ė„¼ ė§ˆė¹„ģ‹œķ‚¬ ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:45
Last March, I went to the TED conference,
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ģ§€ė‚œ ģ‚¼ģ›”, ģ €ėŠ” TED ģ»Øķ¼ėŸ°ģŠ¤ģ—ģ„œ
00:47
and I saw Jim Hansen speak, the NASA scientist
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NASA ź³¼ķ•™ģž ģ§ ķ•œģ„¼ģ˜ ź°•ģ—°ģ„ ė³“ģ•˜ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:50
who first raised the alarm about global warming in the 1980s,
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ź·øėŠ” 80ė…„ėŒ€ģ— ģ§€źµ¬ ģ˜Øė‚œķ™”ģ— ėŒ€ķ•œ ź²½ģ¢…ģ„ ģšøė øėŠ”ė°
00:53
and it seems that the predictions he made back then
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ź·ø ģ˜ˆģø”ė“¤ģ€ ėŒ€ź°œ ķ˜„ģ‹¤ė”œ
00:55
are coming true.
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ė‚˜ķƒ€ė‚˜ėŠ” ź²ƒ ź°™ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:57
This is where we're headed in terms of global temperature rises,
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ģ“ź²ƒģ“ ģ§€źµ¬ ģ˜Øė‚œķ™”ė”œ ģ „ģ„øź³„ģ˜ ģ˜Øė„ź°€ ģƒģŠ¹ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ¶”ģ„øģøė°
01:01
and if we keep on going the way we're going,
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ė§Œģ•½ ź³„ģ† ģ“ ģƒķ™©ģ“ ģ§€ģ†ėœė‹¤ė©“,
01:02
we get a four- or five-degree-Centigrade temperature rise
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21ģ„øźø°ź°€ ėė‚  ė•Œ ģƤģ—” ģ§€źµ¬ģ˜ ģ˜Øė„ź°€
01:06
by the end of this century.
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4~5ė„ ģ˜¬ė¼ź°€ ģžˆģ„ ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:07
Hansen says we can expect about a five-meter rise in sea levels.
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ķ•œģ„¼ģ€ ķ•“ģˆ˜ė©“ģ“ 5ėÆøķ„° ģ •ė„ ģƒģŠ¹ķ•  ź²ƒģ“ė¼ź³  ģ˜ˆģƒķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:11
This is what a five-meter rise in sea levels would look like.
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ķ•“ģˆ˜ė©“ģ“ 5ėÆøķ„° ģƒģŠ¹ķ•œė‹¤ė©“ ģ“ėŸ° ėŖØģŠµģ¼ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:14
Low-lying cities all around the world will disappear
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ģ„øź³„ ź³³ź³³ģ˜ ģ €ģ§€ėŒ€ģ— ģœ„ģ¹˜ķ•œ ė„ģ‹œė“¤ģ€
01:17
within the lifetime of children born today.
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ģ˜¤ėŠ˜ė‚  ķƒœģ–“ė‚œ ģƒˆė”œģš“ ģ„øėŒ€ź°€ ģ‚¬ė§ķ•˜źø° ģ „ģ— ėŖØė‘ ģ‚¬ė¼ģ§ˆ ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:21
Hansen closed his talk by saying,
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ķ•œģ„¼ģ€ ģ“ėŸ° ė§ė”œ ź°•ģ—°ģ„ ėė§ŗģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:23
"Imagine a giant asteroid on a collision course with Earth.
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"ģ—¬ėŸ¬ė¶„ ģ§€źµ¬ė„¼ ķ–„ķ•“ ė‚ ģ•„ģ™€ ė¶€ė”Ŗģ¹  ģ—„ģ²­ė‚œ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ„ ģƒģƒķ•“ė³“ģ‹­ģ‹œģ˜¤ "
01:27
That is the equivalent of what we face now.
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ģ“ź²Œ ė°”ė”œ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ģ§€źøˆ ģ²˜ķ•œ ģƒķ™©ź³¼ ė§žėعėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:30
Yet we dither, taking no action to deflect the asteroid,
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģ§€źøˆ ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ź·ø ģ§„ė”œė„¼ ė°”ź¾øźø°ė„¼ ģ£¼ģ €ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:34
even though the longer we wait,
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ė” ģ˜¤ėž˜ źø°ė‹¤ė¦“ģˆ˜ė”, ė” ģ–“ė ¤ģ›Œģ§€ź³ 
01:35
the more difficult and expensive it becomes."
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ė” ė§Žģ€ ė¹„ģš©ģ“ ė“œėŠ”ė°ė„ ė§ģ“ģ£ .
01:38
Of course, the left wants to take action,
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ė¬¼ė”  ģ§„ė³“ģ£¼ģ˜ģžė“¤ģ€ ėŒ€ģ‘ģ„ ķ•˜ė ¤ ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ,
01:40
but the right denies that there's any problem.
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ė³“ģˆ˜ģ£¼ģ˜ģžė“¤ģ€ ė¬øģ œė„¼ ė¶€ģ •ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:43
All right, so I go back from TED,
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ģ“ģ œ ė‹¤ģ‹œ TEDė”œ ėŒģ•„ź°‘ģ‹œė‹¤.
01:45
and then the following week, I'm invited to a dinner party
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ź·ø ė‹¤ģŒ ģ£¼ģ— ģ €ėŠ” ģ›Œģ‹±ķ„“ė””ģ”Øģ—ģ„œ ģ—“ė¦¬ėŠ” ķ•œ ķŒŒķ‹°ģ— ģ“ˆėŒ€ė„¼ ė°›ģ•˜ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:48
in Washington, D.C., where I know that I'll be meeting
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ģ €ėŠ” ź·øź³³ģ—ģ„œ ģœ ė°œ ė ˆė¹ˆģ„ ķ¬ķ•Øķ•œ
01:50
a number of conservative intellectuals, including Yuval Levin,
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ė§Žģ€ ė³“ģˆ˜ģ§€ģ‹ģøė“¤ģ„ ė§Œė‚˜źø°ė”œ ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:53
and to prepare for the meeting, I read this article by Levin
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ź·ø ėŖØģž„ ģ „ģ— ė ˆė¹ˆģ“ ė„¤ģ…”ė„ ģ–“ķŽ˜ģ–“(National Affairs)ģ§€ģ— źø°ź³ ķ•œ
01:57
in National Affairs called "Beyond the Welfare State."
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"ė³µģ§€ źµ­ź°€ė„¼ ė„˜ģ–“" ė¼ėŠ” źø°ģ‚¬ė„¼ ģ½ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:00
Levin writes that all over the world,
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ė ˆė¹ˆģ€ ģ„øź³„ ź³³ź³³ģ˜ źµ­ź°€ė“¤ģ“
02:03
nations are coming to terms with the fact
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ė‹¤ģŒź³¼ ź°™ģ€ ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ģ„ ģøģ •ķ•˜źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆė‹¤ź³  ģ¼ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:06
that the social democratic welfare state
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ģ‚¬ķšŒ ėƼģ£¼ģ£¼ģ˜ ė³µģ§€źµ­ź°€ėŠ”
02:08
is turning out to be untenable and unaffordable,
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ģœ ģ§€ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģ—†ź³  ė¶€ė‹“ė„ ė„ˆė¬“ ķ° ģ œė„ģ“ė©°
02:11
dependent upon dubious economics
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ė¶ˆķ™•ģ‹¤ķ•œ ź²½ģ œ ė…¼ė¦¬ģ™€
02:14
and the demographic model of a bygone era.
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ģ§€ė‚œ ģ‹œģ ˆģ˜ ģøźµ¬ķ†µź³„ģ— źø°ė°˜ķ•œė‹¤ź³  ė§ģ“ģ£ .
02:18
All right, now this might not sound as scary as an asteroid,
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ė¬¼ė” , ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ²˜ėŸ¼ ė¬“ģ„­ź²Œ ė“¤ė¦¬ģ§€ ģ•Šģ„ ģˆ˜ ģžˆģ§€ė§Œ
02:20
but look at these graphs that Levin showed.
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ė ˆė¹ˆģ“ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•œ ė„ķ‘œė„¼ ė³“ģ„øģš”.
02:23
This graph shows the national debt
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ģ“ ė„ķ‘œėŠ” ėÆøźµ­ģ˜ źµ­ģ±„ė„¼
02:25
as a percentage of America's GDP, and as you see,
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GDPģ˜ ė°±ė¶„ģœØė”œ ė³“ģ—¬ģ£¼ėŠ”ė°, ė³“ģ‹œė‹¤ģ‹œķ”¼
02:28
if you go all the way back to the founding,
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źµ­ź°€ ģ„¤ė¦½ģ‹œźø°ė”œ ėŒģ•„ź°€ė©“
02:30
we borrowed a lot of money to fight the Revolutionary War.
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ė…ė¦½ģ „ģŸģ„ ģœ„ķ•“ ė§Žģ€ ėˆģ„ ė¹Œė øģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:33
Wars are expensive. But then we'd pay it off, pay it off, pay it off,
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ģ „ģŸė¹„ģš©ģ€ ė¹„ģ‹øģ§€ė§Œ, ź°šź³  ė˜ ź°šģ•„ź°‘ė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:36
and then, oh, what's this? The Civil War. Even more expensive.
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ź·øėŸ°ė° ģ“ź±“ ė­ģ£ ? ģ•„, ė‚Øė¶ģ „ģŸ. ė” ė¹„ģ‹øźµ°ģš”.
02:39
Borrow a lot of money, pay it off, pay it off, pay it off,
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ģ—„ģ²­ė‚œ ėˆģ„ ė¹Œė¦¬ź³ , ź°šź³ , ź°šź³  ė˜ ź°šģ•„ģ„œ
02:42
get down to near zero, and bang! -- World War I.
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ź±°ģ§„ ė‹¤ ź°šģ•˜ėŠ”ė°, ģ¾…! ģ œ1ģ°Øģ„øź³„ėŒ€ģ „ģ“ ķ„°ģ§‘ė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:44
Once again, the same process repeats.
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ė˜ ķ•œģ°Øė”€ ź°™ģ€ ź³¼ģ •ģ„ ė°˜ė³µķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:46
Now then we get the Great Depression and World War II.
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ź·ø ķ›„ģ—” ėŒ€ź³µķ™©ź³¼ ģ œ2ģ°Øģ„øź³„ėŒ€ģ „ģ“ ė‹„ģ³ģ˜µė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:48
We rise to an astronomical level, around 118 percent of GDP,
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źµ­ģ±„ėŠ” ģ²œė¬øķ•™ģ ģœ¼ė”œ ģ¹˜ģ†Ÿģ•„ GDPģ˜ 118%ź¹Œģ§€ ź°€ėŠ”ė°,
02:52
really unsustainable, really dangerous.
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ģ“ėŠ” ź°ė‹¹ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģ—†ėŠ” ģƒķƒœģ“ź³ , źµ‰ģž„ķžˆ ģœ„ķ—˜ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:56
But we pay it off, pay it off, pay it off, and then, what's this?
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ź·øėŸ¬ė‚˜ ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ź°šź³ , ź°šź³  ė˜ ź°šģ•„ ź°€ėŠ”ė° ģ“ź±“ ė­ģ£ ?
03:01
Why has it been rising since the '70s?
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70ė…„ėŒ€ ķ›„ģ— ģ™œ ź³„ģ† ģƒģŠ¹ķ•˜ģ§€ģš”?
03:04
It's partly due to tax cuts that were unfunded,
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ģ¼ė¶€ėŠ” ģž¬ģ›ģ“ ģ—†ėŠ” ź°ģ„øģ”°ģ¹˜ ė•Œė¬øģ“ģ§€ė§Œ,
03:07
but it's due primarily to the rise of entitlement spending,
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ģ§„ģ§œ ģ“ģœ ėŠ” ź³„ģ† ģ¦ź°€ė˜ėŠ” ė³µģ§€ ė¹„ģš©ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:09
especially Medicare.
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ķŠ¹ķžˆ ė…øģø ź±“ź°•ė³“ķ—˜ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:11
We're approaching the levels of indebtedness we had at World War II,
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ģš°ė¦¬ģ˜ źµ­ģ±„ėŠ” ģ§€źøˆ ģ œ2ģ°Øģ„øź³„ėŒ€ģ „ ģˆ˜ģ¤€ģ— ź°€ź¹Œģ›Œģ ø ź°‘ė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:14
and the baby boomers haven't even retired yet,
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ė² ģ—ė¹„ ė¶€ėØøė“¤ģ“ ģ•„ģ§ ģ€ķ‡“ė„ ģ•ˆķ–ˆėŠ”ė° ė§ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:17
and when they do, this is what will happen.
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ź·øė“¤ģ“ ģ€ķ‡“ķ•  ė•ŒėŠ”, ģ“ė ‡ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:21
This is data from the Congressional Budget Office
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ģ“ ģžė£ŒėŠ” ģ˜ķšŒ ģ˜ˆģ‚°ģ²˜ģ—ģ„œ ė‚˜ģ™”ģœ¼ė©°
03:22
showing its most realistic forecast of what would happen
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ģ¼ģ–“ė‚  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ź°€ģž„ ķ˜„ģ‹¤ģ ģø ģ˜ˆģø”ģ„ ė³“ģ—¬ģ£¼ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:25
if current situations and expectations and trends are extended.
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ķ˜„ģž¬ģ˜ ģƒķ™©ź³¼ ģ˜ˆģƒ, ģ¶”ģ„øź°€ ź³„ģ†ėœė‹¤ė©“ ė§ģ“ģ£ .
03:29
All right, now what you might notice is that these two graphs
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ģž ė³“ģ„øģš”. ģ—¬ėŸ¬ė¶„ģ“ ģ•Œ ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ź²ƒģ€ ģ“ ė‘ ė„ķ‘œź°€
03:32
are actually identical, not in terms of the x- and y-axes,
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ė™ģ¼ ķ•˜ė‹¤ėŠ”ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. X, Yģ¶• ź“€ģ ģ“ ģ•„ė‹ˆė¼,
03:37
or in terms of the data they present,
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ė˜ ė³“ģ—¬ģ£¼ėŠ” ģžė£Œ ģø”ė©“ģ—ģ„œė„ ģ•„ė‹Œ,
03:38
but in terms of their moral and political implications, they say the same thing.
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ģœ¤ė¦¬, ģ •ģ¹˜ė©“ģ—ģ„œ ģ‹œģ‚¬ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ˜ėÆøź°€ ė™ģ¼ķ•˜ė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:43
Let me translate for you.
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ķ•“ģ„ķ•“ ė“œė¦¬ź² ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:44
"We are doomed unless we start acting now.
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"ģ§€źøˆ ė‹¹ģž„ ķ–‰ė™ģ„ ģ·Øķ•˜ģ§€ ģ•Šģœ¼ė©“ ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ė§ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:48
What's wrong with you people on the other side in the other party?
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ė„ėŒ€ģ²“ ė°˜ėŒ€ķŽøģ— ģžˆėŠ” ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ€ ģ •ģ‹ ģ“ ė‚˜ź°”ģŠµė‹ˆź¹Œ?
03:51
Can't you see reality? If you won't help, then get the hell out of the way."
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ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ģ“ ė³“ģ“ģ§€ ģ•Šė‚˜ģš”? ė•ģ§€ ģ•Šģ„ź±°ė©“, ė°©ķ•“ķ•˜ģ§€ė§ź³  ė¹„ķ‚¤ģ„øģš”."
03:55
We can deflect both of these asteroids.
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ģ“ ė‘ź°œģ˜ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ„ ėŖØė‘ ė¹„ģ¼œ ź°ˆ ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:58
These problems are both technically solvable.
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ģ“ ė¬øģ œė“¤ģ€ źø°ģˆ ģ ģœ¼ė”œ ķ•“ź²° ź°€ėŠ„ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:01
Our problem and our tragedy is that in these hyper-partisan times,
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ė¬øģ œėŠ”, ź·øė¦¬ź³  ė¹„ź·¹ģ€ ģš”ģ¦˜ź°™ģ€ ź·¹ė„ģ˜ ķŽøź°€ė¦„ ģ‹œėŒ€ģ—
04:04
the mere fact that one side says, "Look, there's an asteroid,"
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ķ•œģŖ½ģ“ "ė³“ė¼, ģ €źø° ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ“ ģ˜Øė‹¤!" ė¼ź³  ķ•˜źø°ė§Œ ķ•˜ė©“
04:07
means that the other side's going to say, "Huh? What?
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ģƒėŒ€ ķŽøģ€ "ė­, ė¬“ģŠØ ģ¼? ģ³ė‹¤ė³“ģ§€ė„ ģ•Šģ„ ź±°ģ•¼. ģ‹«ģ–“."
04:09
No, I'm not even going to look up. No."
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ė¼ź³  ėŒ€ź¾øķ•œė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:12
To understand why this is happening to us,
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ģ™œ ģ“ėŸ° ģƒķ™©ģ“ ģƒźø°ėŠ”ģ§€,
04:15
and what we can do about it, we need to learn more about moral psychology.
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ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ėŒ€ģ²˜ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ”ģ§€ė„¼ ģ•Œė ¤ė©“, ģœ¤ė¦¬ ģ‹¬ė¦¬ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ģ¢€ ė” ė°°ģ›Œģ•¼ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:19
So I'm a social psychologist, and I study morality,
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ģ €ėŠ” ģ‚¬ķšŒģ‹¬ė¦¬ķ•™ģžģ“ź³ , ģœ¤ė¦¬ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ź³µė¶€ķ•˜ėŠ”ė°
04:22
and one of the most important principles of morality
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ģœ¤ė¦¬ģ˜ ģ›ģ¹™ ģ¤‘ ź°€ģž„ ģ¤‘ģš”ķ•œ ź²ƒģ€
04:24
is that morality binds and blinds.
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ģœ¤ė¦¬ź°€ ė­‰ģ¹˜ź²Œė„ ķ•˜ź³ , ė˜ ėˆˆė©€ź²Œė„ ķ•œė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:27
It binds us into teams that circle around sacred values
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ģœ¤ė¦¬ėŠ” ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ģ‹ ģ„±ķ•œ ź°€ģ¹˜ė„¼ ģœ„ķ•“ ė­‰ģ¹˜ź²Œ ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ
04:30
but thereby makes us go blind to objective reality.
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ķ•œķŽø ź°ź“€ģ ģø ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ģ„ ģ™øė©“ķ•˜ź²Œ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:34
Think of it like this.
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ģ“ė ‡ź²Œ ģƒź°ķ•“ ė³“ģ„øģš”.
04:35
Large-scale cooperation is extremely rare on this planet.
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ėŒ€ź·œėŖØģ˜ ķ˜‘ė „ģ€ ģ§€źµ¬ģƒģ—ģ„œ ģ°øģœ¼ė”œ ķ¬ź·€ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:39
There are only a few species that can do it.
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ź·¹ģ†Œģˆ˜ģ˜ ģ¢…ė§Œģ“ ķ•“ė‚¼ ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:41
That's a beehive. That's a termite mound, a giant termite mound.
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ģ €ź²ƒģ€ ė²Œģ§‘ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ €ź±“ ķ°ź°œėÆø ķƒ‘, ź±°ėŒ€ķ•œ ķ°ź°œėÆø ķƒ‘ģ“źµ¬ģš”.
04:44
And when you find this in other animals, it's always the same story.
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ė‹¤ė„ø ė™ė¬¼ģ—ģ„œ ģ“ėŸ° ģ˜ˆė„¼ ģ°¾ģ„ ė•ŒėŠ”, ķ•­ģƒ ź°™ģ€ ģ›ė¦¬ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:47
They're always all siblings who are children of a single queen,
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ģ–øģ œė‚˜ ź°™ģ€ ģ—¬ģ™•ģ—ź²Œģ„œ ķƒœģ–“ė‚œ ķ˜•ģ œ ģžė§¤ģ“źø°ģ—,
04:52
so they're all in the same boat.
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ź°™ģ€ ģš“ėŖ…ģ— ģ²˜ķ•“ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:54
They rise or fall, they live or die, as one.
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ė¶€ķ„ź³¼ ģ‡ ķ‡“, ģƒģ”“ź³¼ ė©øė§ģ„ ź°™ģ“ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:57
There's only one species on the planet that can do this
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ģ§€źµ¬ ģƒģ— ģ¹œģ”±ź“€ź³„ź°€ ģ—†ģ“ė„ ģ“ ģ¼ģ„ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ģ¢…ģ€
04:59
without kinship, and that, of course, is us.
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ė‹Ø ķ•˜ė‚˜ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. ė¬¼ė”  ģš°ė¦¬ ģøź°„ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:02
This is a reconstruction of ancient Babylon,
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ģ“ź²ƒģ€ ź³ ėŒ€ ė°”ė¹Œė” ģ„ ģž¬źµ¬ģ„±ķ•œ ź²ƒģ“ź³ 
05:04
and this is Tenochtitlan.
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ģ“ź±“ ķ…Œė…øģ¹˜ķ‹°ķ‹€ėž€ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:07
Now how did we do this? How did we go
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ģ“ź±ø ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ķ•“ ėƒˆģ£ ? ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€
05:09
from being hunter-gatherers 10,000 years ago
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1ė§Œė…„ ģ „ ģ‚¬ėƒ„ź¾¼-ģ±„ģ§‘ģž ė¬“ė¦¬ģ—ģ„œ
05:12
to building these gigantic cities in just a few thousand years?
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ė¶ˆź³¼ ėŖ‡ ģ²œė…„ė§Œģ—, ģ“ ź±°ėŒ€ķ•œ ė„ģ‹œė“¤ģ„ źµ¬ģ¶•ķ•“ ėƒˆė‚˜ģš”?
05:16
It's miraculous, and part of the explanation
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ź·øź²ƒģ€ źø°ģ ģ“ź³ , ģ“ė„¼ ģ„¤ėŖ…ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ź²ƒģ€
05:19
is this ability to circle around sacred values.
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ģ‹ ģ„±ķ•œ ź°€ģ¹˜ė„¼ ģœ„ķ•“ ė­‰ģ¹˜ėŠ” ėŠ„ė „ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:23
As you see, temples and gods play a big role in all ancient civilizations.
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ė³“ģ‹œė‹¤ģ‹œķ”¼, ėŖØė“  ź³ ėŒ€ ė¬øėŖ…ģ—ėŠ” ģ‚¬ģ›ź³¼ ģ‹ ģ“ ķ° ģ—­ķ• ģ„ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:27
This is an image of Muslims circling the Kaaba in Mecca.
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ģ“ź²ƒģ€ ģ“ģŠ¬ėžŒźµė„ė“¤ģ“ ė©”ģ¹“ģ˜ ģ¹“ė°” ģ£¼ģœ„ė„¼ ė„ėŠ” ģž„ė©“ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:31
It's a sacred rock, and when people circle something together,
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ź·øź²ƒģ€ ģ‹ ģ„±ķ•œ ė°”ģœ„ģ“ź³  ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“ ė¬“ģ–øź°€ė„¼ ķ•Øź»˜ ė¹™ė¹™ ėŒ ė•Œģ—
05:34
they unite, they can trust each other, they become one.
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ė‹Øź²°ķ•˜ź³ , ģ„œė”œ ģ‹ ė¢°ķ•˜ė©°, ķ•˜ė‚˜ź°€ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:38
It's as though you're moving an electrical wire
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ź·øź²ƒģ€ ė§ˆģ¹˜ ģžźø°ģž„ ė‚“ģ—ģ„œ ģ „ģ„ ģ„ ģ›€ģ§ģ—¬ģ„œ
05:40
through a magnetic field that generates current.
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ģ „ė„˜ė„¼ ė§Œė“¤ģ–“ ė‚“ėŠ” ź²ƒź³¼ ź°™ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:42
When people circle together, they generate a current.
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ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“ ķ•Øź»˜ ė­‰ģ¹  ė•Œģ— ģ „ė„˜ė„¼ ģƒģ‚° ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:45
We love to circle around things.
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ė¬“ģ—‡ģ„ ģ¤‘ģ‹¬ģœ¼ė”œ ė­‰ģ¹˜źø°ė„¼ ģ¢‹ģ•„ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:47
We circle around flags, and then we can trust each other.
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ź¹ƒė°œģ„ ģ¤‘ģ‹¬ģœ¼ė”œ ė­‰ģ¹  ė•Œ, ģš°ė¦° ģ„œė”œ ģ‹ ė¢°ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:51
We can fight as a team, as a unit.
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ķ•˜ė‚˜ ėœ ķŒ€ģœ¼ė”œ ģ‹øģšø ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:53
But even as morality binds people together into a unit,
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ģœ¤ė¦¬ź°€ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ„ ķ•˜ė‚˜ė”œ ź²°ģ†ģ‹œķ‚¤ģ§€ė§Œ,
05:57
into a team, the circling blinds them.
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ź·ø ė­‰ģ¹Øģ“ ź·øė“¤ģ„ ėˆˆė©€ź²Œ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:01
It causes them to distort reality.
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ķ˜„ģ‹¤ģ„ ģ™œź³”ķ•“ģ„œ ė³“ź²Œ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:02
We begin separating everything into good versus evil.
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ėŖØė“  ź²ƒģ„ ģ„ ź³¼ ģ•…ģœ¼ė”œ ė¶„ė¦¬ķ•˜źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:06
Now that process feels great. It feels really satisfying.
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ź·ø ź³¼ģ •ģ“ ģ¦ź²ź³  ė³“ėžŒģžˆź²Œ ėŠź»“ģ§‘ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:10
But it is a gross distortion of reality.
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ź·øėŸ¬ė‚˜ ź·øź²ƒģ€ ķ˜„ģ‹¤ģ„ ģ‹¬ķ•˜ź²Œ ģ™œź³”ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:15
You can see the moral electromagnet operating in the U.S. Congress.
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ģ—¬źø°ģ„œ ģ˜ķšŒģ—ģ„œ ģž‘ė™ķ•˜ėŠ” ģœ¤ė¦¬ģ  ģ „ģžģ„ģ„ ė³¼ ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:18
This is a graph that shows the degree to which voting
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ģ“ ė„ķ‘œėŠ” źµ­ķšŒ ķˆ¬ķ‘œź°€ ģ–¼ė§ˆė‚˜ ģ² ģ €ķžˆ
06:20
in Congress falls strictly along the left-right axis,
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ģ§„ė³“-ė³“ģˆ˜ ģ¶•ģ— ė”°ė„“ėŠ”ģ§€ė„¼ ė³“ģ—¬ ģ¤ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:23
so that if you know how liberal or conservative someone is,
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ź·øėž˜ģ„œ ėˆ„ź°€ ģ§„ė³“ ė˜ėŠ” ė³“ģˆ˜ģ ģø ģ‚¬ėžŒģø ź²ƒģ„ ģ•Œė©“,
06:26
you know exactly how they voted on all the major issues.
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ź·øź°€ ėŖØė“  ģ£¼ģš” ė¬øģ œģ— ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ķˆ¬ķ‘œķ• ģ§€ė„¼ ģ•Œź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:29
And what you can see is that,
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ź·øė¦¬ź³  ė˜ ģ•Œ ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ź²ƒģ€
06:31
in the decades after the Civil War,
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ė‚Øė¶ ģ „ģŸ ģ“ķ›„ ģˆ˜ģ‹­ ė…„ź°„
06:33
Congress was extraordinarily polarized,
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ģ˜ˆģø”ķ•˜ģ‹œėŠ”ėŒ€ė”œ ģ˜ķšŒėŠ” ėŖ¹ģ‹œ ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™” ė˜ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:36
as you would expect, about as high as can be.
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ģ“ė³“ė‹¤ ė” ģ‹¬ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģ—†ģ„ ģ •ė„ė”œ ė§ģ“ģ£ .
06:38
But then, after World War I, things dropped,
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ, 1ģ°Ø ģ„øź³„ ėŒ€ģ „ ķ›„, ģˆ˜ģ¹˜ź°€ ė‚®ģ•„ģ§€ź³ 
06:41
and we get this historically low level of polarization.
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ģ—­ģ‚¬ģƒ ė‚®ģ€ ģˆ˜ģ¤€ģ˜ ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™”ė„¼ ė§žģ“ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:44
This was a golden age of bipartisanship,
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ģ ģ–“ė„ ģ •ė‹¹ė“¤ģ“ ķ˜‘ė „ķ•˜ģ—¬ ė‚˜ė¼ģ˜ ķ° ģ¼ė“¤ģ„
06:46
at least in terms of the parties' ability to work together
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ķ•“ź²°ķ•“ ė‚˜ź°”ė‹¤ėŠ” źø°ģ¤€ģœ¼ė”œ ė³“ė©“,
06:49
and solve grand national problems.
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ģ“ ė‹¹ģ‹œź°€ ģ“ˆė‹¹ģ  ķ˜‘ė „ģ˜ ķ™©źøˆģ‹œėŒ€ ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:52
But in the 1980s and '90s, the electromagnet turns back on.
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ź·øėŸ¬ė‚˜ 1980ė…„ėŒ€ģ™€ 1990ė…„ėŒ€ģ— ģ“ ģžģ„ģ“ ė‹¤ģ‹œ ė‚˜ķƒ€ė‚¬ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:57
Polarization rises.
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ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™”ź°€ ģ‹¬ķ™”ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:00
It used to be that conservatives and moderates and liberals
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ź³¼ź±°ģ—ėŠ” ė³“ģˆ˜ģ£¼ģ˜ģžģ™€ ģ˜Øź±“ķŒŒģ™€ ģ§„ė³“ģ£¼ģ˜ģžė“¤ģ“
07:03
could all work together in Congress.
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ėŖØė‘ ģ˜ķšŒģ—ģ„œ ķ•Øź»˜ ģ¼ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:04
They could rearrange themselves, form bipartisan committees,
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ģŠ¤ģŠ¤ė”œė„¼ ģž¬ģ”°ģ •ķ•“ģ„œ ģ“ˆė‹¹ģ  ģœ„ģ›ķšŒė„¼ ė§Œė“¤ ģˆ˜ ģžˆģ—ˆėŠ”ė°,
07:07
but as the moral electromagnet got cranked up,
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ģœ¤ė¦¬ģ  ģ „ģžģ„ģ“ ģž‘ė™ķ•˜ź³ ,
07:10
the force field increased,
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ź·ø ķž˜ģ“ ź°€ģ¤‘ė˜ė©“ģ„œ,
07:13
Democrats and Republicans were pulled apart.
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ėƼģ£¼ė‹¹ź³¼ ź³µķ™”ė‹¹ģ€ ģ„œė”œ ė©€ģ–“ģ”ŒģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:16
It became much harder for them to socialize,
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ źµģ œķ•˜źø° ģ–“ė ¤ģ›Œģ§€ź³ 
07:17
much harder for them to cooperate.
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ķ˜‘ė „ķ•˜źø°ė„ ķ›Øģ”¬ ė” ģ–“ė ¤ģ›Œģ”ŒģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤..
07:19
Retiring members nowadays say that it's become like gang warfare.
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ģš”ģ¦˜ ģ€ķ‡“ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ˜ģ›ė“¤ģ€ ģ˜ķšŒź°€ ģ”°ķ­ ź°„ģ˜ ģ „ģŸ ź°™ģ•„ģ”Œė‹¤ź³  ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:24
Did anybody notice that in two of the three debates,
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ėŒ€ķ†µė ¹ ģž…ķ›„ė³“ ķ† ė”  ģ„ø ė²ˆ ģ¤‘ ė‘ ė²ˆģ— ģ˜¤ė°”ė§ˆėŠ” ķŒŒėž€ģƒ‰,
07:27
Obama wore a blue tie and Romney wore a red tie?
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ė”¬ė‹ˆėŠ” ė¶‰ģ€ģƒ‰ ķƒ€ģ“ė„¼ ė§Ø ź±ø ė³“ģ‹  ė¶„ ģžˆė‚˜ģš”?
07:31
Do you know why they do this?
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ź·øė“¤ģ“ ģ™œ ģ“ėž¬ėŠ”ģ§€ ģ•„ģ‹­ė‹ˆź¹Œ?
07:33
It's so that the Bloods and the Crips will know which side to vote for. (Laughter)
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ź·øź²ƒģ€ ź°ź° ėø”ėŸ¬ė“œģ™€ ķ¬ė¦½ģŠ¤ ź°±ė‹Øģ“ ėˆ„źµ¬ė„¼ ģ°ģ–“ģ•¼ ķ•˜ėŠ”ģ§€ ģ•Œź²Œ ķ•˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. (ģ›ƒģŒ)
07:37
The polarization is strongest among our political elites.
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ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™” ķ˜„ģƒģ€ ģ •ģ¹˜ ģ§€ė„ģž ģ‚¬ģ“ģ—ģ„œ ź°€ģž„ ģ‹¬ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:40
Nobody doubts that this is happening in Washington.
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ģ›Œģ‹±ķ†¤ģ—ģ„œ ģ“ģ¼ģ“ ģ¼ģ–“ė‚˜ź³  ģžˆė‹¤ėŠ” ģ ėŠ” ģ˜ģ‹¬ģ˜ ģ—¬ģ§€ź°€ ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:42
But for a while, there was some doubt as to whether it was happening among the people.
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ķ•œė™ģ•ˆ ģ“ź²ƒģ“ źµ­ėƼė“¤ ģ‚¬ģ“ģ—ģ„œė„ ė°œģƒķ•˜ėŠ”ģ§€ėŠ” ė‹¤ģ†Œ ė¶ˆķ™•ģ‹¤ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:45
Well, in the last 12 years it's become
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ź·øėŸ°ė°, ģ§€ė‚œ 12ė…„ ė™ģ•ˆ, ģ“ ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ģ€
07:47
much more apparent that it is.
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ė”ģš± ė¶„ėŖ…ķ•“ģ”ŒģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:49
So look at this data. This is from the American National Elections Survey.
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ėÆøźµ­ źµ­ė¦½ ģ„ ź±° ģ„¤ė¬ø ģ”°ģ‚¬ģ—ģ„œ ė°œķ‘œķ•œ ģžė£Œė„¼ ė³“ģ„øģš”.
07:52
And what they do on that survey is they ask
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ģ“ ģ”°ģ‚¬ģ—ģ„œ ź·øė“¤ģ“ ė¬¼ģ–“ ė³ø ź²ƒģ€
07:55
what's called a feeling thermometer rating.
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ź°ģ • ģ˜Øė„ź³„ ķ‰ź°€ė¼ź³  ķ•˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:57
So, how warm or cold do you feel about, you know,
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ģ¦‰, ģøė””ģ•ˆ, źµ°ėŒ€, ź³µķ™”ė‹¹, ėƼģ£¼ė‹¹ ė“±
08:01
Native Americans, or the military, the Republican Party,
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ėÆøźµ­ ģ‚¬ķšŒģ˜ ģ—¬ėŸ¬ ģ§‘ė‹Øė“¤ģ— ėŒ€ķ•œ
08:04
the Democratic Party, all sorts of groups in American life.
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ģš°ķ˜øģ  ķ˜¹ģ€ ė¹„ķŒģ ģø ź°ģ •ģ˜ ģ‹¬ė„ė„¼ ė¬»ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:07
The blue line shows how warmly Democrats feel
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ķ‘øė„øģƒ‰ģ€ ėƼģ£¼ė‹¹ģ›ė“¤ģ˜ ėƼģ£¼ė‹¹ģ›ė“¤ģ— ėŒ€ķ•œ
08:09
about Democrats, and they like them.
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ģš°ķ˜øź°ģ„ ė³“ģ—¬ģ¤ė‹ˆė‹¤. ź·øė“¤ģ„ ģ¢‹ģ•„ķ•˜ģ£ .
08:12
You know, ratings in the 70s on a 100-point scale.
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ė³“ģ‹œė‹¤ģ‹œķ”¼ 100ģ  ė§Œģ ģ— 70ģ ėŒ€ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:14
Republicans like Republicans. That's not a surprise.
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ź³µķ™”ė‹¹ģ›ė“¤ģ€ ź³µķ™”ė‹¹ģ›ė“¤ģ„ ģ¢‹ģ•„ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ė‹¹ģ—°ķ•˜ģ§€ģš”.
08:17
But when you look at cross-party ratings,
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ė‹¤ė„ø ė‹¹ ķ‰ź°€ė„¼ ė³¼ ė•Œ,
08:19
you find, well, that it's lower, but actually,
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ź·ø ź²°ź³¼ėŠ” ė‚®ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤, ź·øėŸ¬ė‚˜
08:22
when I first saw this data, I was surprised.
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ģ“ ģžė£Œė„¼ ģ²˜ģŒ ė“¤ģ„ ė•Œ ģ €ėŠ” ė†€ėžģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:24
That's actually not so bad. If you go back to the Carter and even Reagan administrations,
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ģ‹¤ģ œė”œ ė³„ė”œ ė‚˜ģ˜ģ§€ ģ•Šģ•„ģ„œģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ¹“ķ„°, ģ‹¬ģ§€ģ–“ ė ˆģ“ź±“ ė•Œź¹Œģ§€ ėŒģ•„ź°€ ė³“ė©“,
08:27
they were rating the other party 43, 45. It's not terrible.
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ė‹¤ė„ø ė‹¹ģ— 43ģ , 45ģ ģ„ ģ£¼ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤. ė”ģ°ķ•œ ģƒķ™©ģ€ ģ•„ė‹ˆģ§€ģš”.
08:32
It drifts downwards very slightly,
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ź·ø ķ›„ ģ•½ź°„ ģ•„ėž˜ģŖ½ģœ¼ė”œ źø°ģ›ė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:34
but now look what happens under George W. Bush and Obama.
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ź·øėŸ°ė° ģ”°ģ§€ ė¶€ģ‹œģ™€ ģ˜¤ė°”ė§ˆ ģ‹œėŒ€ģ˜ ķ˜„ģƒģ„ ė³“ģ‹­ģ‹œģ˜¤.
08:38
It plummets. Something is going on here.
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ź³¤ė‘ė°•ģ§ˆģ¹©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ė¬“ģŠØ ģ¼ģ“ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:41
The moral electromagnet is turning back on,
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ģœ¤ė¦¬ģ  ģ „ģžģ„ģ“ ė‹¤ģ‹œ ķ™œģ„±ķ™”ė˜ź³ ,
08:43
and nowadays, just very recently,
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ģš”ģ¦˜ģ€, ģµœź·¼ģ—ėŠ” ė§ģ“ģ£ ,
08:45
Democrats really dislike Republicans.
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ėƼģ£¼ė‹¹ģ€ ź³µķ™”ė‹¹ģ„ ģ •ė§ ģ‹«ģ–“ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:48
Republicans really dislike the Democrats. We're changing.
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ź³µķ™”ė‹¹ģ€ ėƼģ£¼ė‹¹ģ„ ģ •ė§ ģ‹«ģ–“ķ•˜ź³ ģš”. ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ė°”ė€Œź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:51
It's as though the moral electromagnet is affecting us too.
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ģœ¤ė¦¬ģ  ģ „ģžģ„ģ€ ģš°ė¦¬ģ—ź²Œė„ ģ˜ķ–„ģ„ ėÆøģ¹˜ėŠ”ė“Æ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:54
It's like put out in the two oceans and it's pulling the whole country apart,
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ė‘ ź°œģ˜ ė°”ė‹¤ģ— ė„£ģ–“ ė†“ź³ , ģ˜Ø ė‚˜ė¼ė„¼ ģ–‘ź·¹ģœ¼ė”œ ė‹¹źø°ėŠ” ė“Æ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:58
pulling left and right into their own territories
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ģ¢Œģš° ģžźø° ģ§„ģ˜ģœ¼ė”œ ėŒģ–“ė‹¹ź¹ė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:02
like the Bloods and the Crips.
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ėø”ėŸ¬ė“œģ™€ ķ¬ė¦½ģŠ¤ ź°±ė‹Øģ²˜ėŸ¼ ė§ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:04
Now, there are many reasons why this is happening to us,
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ģ“ėŸ° ģ¼ģ“ ģƒźø°ėŠ” ė°ģ—ėŠ” ė§Žģ€ ģ“ģœ ź°€ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:07
and many of them we cannot reverse.
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ź·ø ģ¤‘ ģ—¬ėŸ¬ ģ›ģøģ€ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ė˜ėŒė¦“ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:10
We will never again have a political class
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” 2ģ°Ø ģ„øź³„ ėŒ€ģ „ģ—ģ„œ ź³µķ†µģ˜ ģ ź³¼
09:13
that was forged by the experience of fighting together
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ķ•Øź»˜ ģ‹øģš“ ź²½ķ—˜ģ„ ķ†µķ•“ ė‹¤ģ øģ§„
09:16
in World War II against a common enemy.
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ģ •ģ¹˜ ģ§‘ė‹Øģ„ ė‹¤ģ‹œ ź°€ģ§ˆ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:19
We will never again have just three television networks,
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ėŖØė‘ ģ¤‘ė„ģ  ģž…ģž„ģ„ ģ§€ķ‚¤ėŠ”
09:23
all of which are relatively centrist.
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3ź°œģ˜ ė°©ģ†”ģ‚¬ė„¼ ė‹¤ģ‹œ ź°€ģ§ˆ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:26
And we will never again have a large group of conservative southern Democrats
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ė˜ ģ•žģœ¼ė”œėŠ” ė‹¤ģˆ˜ģ˜ ė³“ģˆ˜ģ  ė‚Øė¶€ ėƼģ£¼ė‹¹ģ›ė„ ģ—†ģ„ ź²ƒģ“ź³ ,
09:31
and liberal northern Republicans making it easy,
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ė˜ ģ§„ė³“ģ  ė¶ė¶€ ź³µķ™”ė‹¹ģ›ė“¤ė„ ģ—†ģ–“, ģ“ˆė‹¹ģ  ķ˜‘ė „ģ„
09:35
making there be a lot of overlap for bipartisan cooperation.
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ź°€ėŠ„ģ¼€ ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ •ģ¹˜ģ  ģ™„ģ¶© ģ§€ģ—­ģ“ ģ—†ģ„ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:39
So for a lot of reasons, those decades after the Second World War
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ź²°ė” ģ€, ģ—¬ėŸ¬ ģ“ģœ ė”œ ė§ėÆøģ•”ģ•„ 2ģ°Ø ėŒ€ģ „ ģ“ķ›„ģ˜ ģ‹œėŒ€ėŠ”
09:42
were an historically anomalous time.
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ģ—­ģ‚¬ģ ģœ¼ė”œ ģ“ė”€ģ ģø ģ‹œėŒ€ģ˜€ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:43
We will never get back to those low levels of polarization, I believe.
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ģ œ ģƒź°ģ—ėŠ”, ė‹¹ģ‹œģ™€ ź°™ģ€ ķ˜‘ė „ ģƒķƒœė”œėŠ” ėŒģ•„ź°ˆ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:47
But there's a lot that we can do. There are dozens
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ź²ƒģ“ ė§ŽģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:50
and dozens of reforms we can do that will make things better,
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ė” ģ¢‹ģ€ ė°©ķ–„ģœ¼ė”œ ź°œķ˜ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ź²ƒģ“ ģˆ˜ģ‹­ ź°œź°€ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:53
because a lot of our dysfunction can be traced directly
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ģ™œėƒķ•˜ė©“ ģš°ė¦¬ģ˜ ė§Žģ€ ė¬øģ œź°€, 1990ė…„ėŒ€ģ˜ źµ­ķšŒģ—ģ„œ
09:55
to things that Congress did to itself in the 1990s
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ź·ø ģžģ‹ ė“¤ģ„ ė” ģ‹¬ķ•˜ź²Œ ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™”ģ‹œķ‚¤ź³ 
09:59
that created a much more polarized and dysfunctional institution.
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ģ œėŒ€ė”œ ė™ģž‘ķ•˜ģ§€ ģ•Šė„ė” ķ–ˆźø° ė•Œė¬øģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:04
These changes are detailed in many books.
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ģ“ ė³€ķ™”ė“¤ģ€ ė§Žģ€ ģ±…ģ— ģžģ„øķžˆ ģ„¤ėŖ…ė˜ģ–“ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:06
These are two that I strongly recommend,
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ģ“ ė‘ ģ±…ģ„ ź°•ė „ķžˆ ģ¶”ģ²œķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:08
and they list a whole bunch of reforms.
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ė§Žģ€ ź°œķ˜ ģ•ˆź±“ė“¤ģ„ ģ œģ‹œķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:10
I'm just going to group them into three broad classes here.
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ģ €ėŠ” ź·ø ģ•ˆź±“ė“¤ģ„ ķ¬ź²Œ ģ„ø ķ•­ėŖ©ģœ¼ė”œ ė¶„ė„˜ķ•˜ė µė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:13
So if you think about this as the problem of a dysfunctional,
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ė§Œģ•½ ģ“ ė¬“ėŠ„ķ•˜ź³  ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™”ėœ źµ­ķšŒź°€ ė¬øģ œė¼ź³  ģƒź°ķ•œė‹¤ė©“,
10:16
hyper-polarized institution, well, the first step is,
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ģ²« ė²ˆģ§ø ķ•  ģ¼ģ€ ģš°ģ„ 
10:20
do what you can so that fewer hyper-partisans get elected in the first place,
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ź·¹ė‹Øģ ģø ė‹¹ģ›ė“¤ģ“ ģ„ ź±°ģ—ģ„œ ė‹¹ģ„ ė˜ģ§€ ėŖ»ķ•˜ź²Œ ķ•˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģøė°
10:25
and when you have closed party primaries,
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ģ˜ˆė¹„ ģ„ ź±°ź¶Œģ“ ė‹¹ģ›ģ—ź²Œė§Œ ģžˆģœ¼ė©“
10:26
and only the most committed Republicans and Democrats are voting,
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ėƼģ£¼ė‹¹ź³¼ ź³µķ™”ė‹¹ģ˜ ź³Øģˆ˜ ė¶„ģžė§Œ ķˆ¬ķ‘œķ•˜ź²Œ ė˜ź³ 
10:29
you're nominating and selecting the most extreme hyper-partisans.
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ź° ė‹¹ģ˜ ź°€ģž„ ź·¹ė‹Ø ė‹¹ģ›ė“¤ģ„ ģ„ ģ¶œķ•˜ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:33
So open primaries would make that problem much, much less severe.
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ģ™„ģ „ źµ­ėƼź²½ģ„ ģ œėŠ” ģ“ ė¬øģ œė„¼ ķ›Øģ”¬ ķ¬ģ„ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:37
But the problem isn't primarily that we're electing bad people to Congress.
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ źµ­ķšŒģ— ė‚˜ģœ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ„ ģ„ ģ¶œķ•˜ėŠ” ź²Œ ė¬øģ œģ˜ ģš”ģ ģ“ ģ•„ė‹™ė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:42
From my experience, and from what I've heard from Congressional insiders,
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ģ œ ź²½ķ—˜ź³¼ ģ˜ķšŒ ė‚“ė¶€ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ—ź²Œ ė“¤ģ€ ė°”ģ— ģ˜ķ•˜ė©“,
10:45
most of the people going to Congress are good, hard-working,
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źµ­ķšŒģ˜ģ› ėŒ€ė¶€ė¶„ģ€ ģ—“ģ‹¬ķžˆ ģ¼ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ¢‹ģ€ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“ė©°
10:48
intelligent people who really want to solve problems,
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ģ§„ģ •ķ•˜ź²Œ ė¬øģ œė„¼ ķ•“ź²°ķ•˜źø° ģ›ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģøė°,
10:51
but once they get there, they find that they are forced
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ģ¼ė‹Ø ģ˜ķšŒģ— ģž…ģ„±ķ•˜ė©“,
10:53
to play a game that rewards hyper-partisanship
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ź·¹ķ•œ ė‹¹ķŒŒģ  ķ–‰ė™ģ—ėŠ” ė³“ģƒģ“ ģ£¼ģ–“ģ§€ģ§€ė§Œ
10:56
and that punishes independent thinking.
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ė…ģžģ ģø ģƒź°ģ€ ģ²˜ė²Œė°›ź²Œ ėœė‹¤ėŠ” ģ ģ„ ź¹Øė‹«ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:58
You step out of line, you get punished.
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ė‹Øģ²“ ķ–‰ė™ģ—ģ„œ ė²—ģ–“ė‚˜ė©“, ģ²˜ė²Œģ“ ė”°ė¦…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:01
So there are a lot of reforms we could do
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ģ“ ģ•…ģ˜ķ–„ģ„ ģ¤‘ķ™”ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ģ—¬ėŸ¬ź°€ģ§€
11:02
that will counteract this.
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ź°œķ˜ ė°©ģ•ˆģ“ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:03
For example, this "Citizens United" ruling is a disaster,
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ģ˜ˆė„¼ ė“¤ģ–“ ģ“ "ģ‹œėƼģ—°ķ•©(Citizens United)" ė²•ģ› ķŒź²°ģ€ ģž¬ģ•™ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:07
because it means there's like a money gun aimed at your head,
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ģ™œėƒķ•˜ė©“ ģ“ź²ƒģ€ ėˆ ģ¤„ģ„ ģ„ź³ ėŠ”
11:09
and if you step out of line, if you try to reach across the aisle,
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ė§Œģ•½ ė‹¹ģ‹ ģ“ ė‹¹ ģ§€ģ¹Øģ„ ė²—ģ–“ė‚˜, ģƒėŒ€ė°©ź³¼ ģ†ģž”ģœ¼ė©“
11:12
there's a ton of money waiting to be given to your opponent
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ė‹¹ģ‹  ė°˜ėŒ€ ģž…ķ›„ė³“ģ—ź²Œ ģ—„ģ²­ė‚œ ėˆģ“ ź°€ź³  ė¶€ģ •ģ ģø ź“‘ź³ ė„¼ ķ†µķ•“
11:14
to make everybody think that you are a terrible person through negative advertising.
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ėŖØė“  ģ‚¬ėžŒģ“ ė‹¹ģ‹ ģ„ ė‚˜ģœ ģ‚¬ėžŒģ“ė¼ź³  ģƒź°ķ•˜ź²Œ ķ•œė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ƒģ“ė‹ˆź¹Œģš”.
11:20
But the third class of reforms is that we've got to change
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģ„ø ė²ˆģ§øģ˜ ź°œķ˜ģ€ ģ˜ģ›ė“¤ ź°„ģ˜
11:22
the nature of social relationships in Congress.
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ģ‚¬źµ ź“€ź³„ė„¼ ė°”ź¾øģ–“ģ•¼ ķ•œė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:25
The politicians I've met are generally very extroverted,
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ģ œź°€ ė§Œė‚œ ģ •ģ¹˜ź°€ė“¤ģ€ ėŒ€ģ²“ģ ģœ¼ė”œ ģ™øķ–„ģ ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:29
friendly, very socially skillful people,
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ģ¹œģ ˆķ•˜ź³ , ė§¤ģš° ģ‚¬źµģ— ģˆ™ė Øėœ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģøė°
11:32
and that's the nature of politics. You've got to make relationships,
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ź·øź²ƒģ“ ė°”ė”œ ģ •ģ¹˜ģ˜ ė³øģ„±ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ¢‹ģ€ ź“€ź³„ė„¼ ė§Œė“¤ģ–“ģ•¼ ķ•˜ź³ 
11:36
make deals, you've got to cajole, please, flatter,
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ķ˜‘ģƒķ•˜ź³ , ķšŒģœ ķ•˜ė©°, ģ¦ź²ź²Œ ķ•“ģ£¼ź³ , ė¹„ķ–‰źø°ė„ ķƒœģ›Œģ•¼ ķ•˜ė©°
11:39
you've got to use your personal skills,
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ģøź°„ź“€ź³„ źø°ģˆ ģ„ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•“ģ•¼ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:41
and that's the way politics has always worked.
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ģ •ģ¹˜ėŠ” ķ•­ģƒ ź·øė ‡ź²Œ ė˜ģ–“ ģ™”ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:44
But beginning in the 1990s, first the House of Representatives
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ 1990ė…„ėŒ€ģ— ķ•˜ģ›ė¶€ķ„°
11:47
changed its legislative calendar
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ģž…ė²• ķšŒģ˜ ģ¼ģ •ģ„ ė°”ź¾øģ–“
11:49
so that all business is basically done in the middle of the week.
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ėŖØė“  ģž…ė²•ģ€ ģ£¼ģ¤‘ģ— ģ“ė£Øģ–“ģ§€ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:53
Nowadays, Congressmen fly in on Tuesday morning,
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ģš”ģ¦˜, źµ­ķšŒģ˜ģ›ė“¤ģ€ ķ™”ģš”ģ¼ ģ˜¤ģ „ģ— ė¹„ķ–‰źø°ė„¼ ķƒ€ź³  ģ™€ģ„œ
11:55
they do battle for two days, then they fly home Thursday afternoon.
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ģ“ķ‹€ź°„ ģ „ķˆ¬ķ•˜ź³ , ėŖ©ģš”ģ¼ ģ˜¤ķ›„ģ— ė¹„ķ–‰źø°ė„¼ ķƒ€ź³  ź°‘ė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:58
They don't move their families to the District.
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ģ›Œģ‹±ķ„“ģ— ź°€ģ”±ė“¤ģ„ ģ“ģ£¼ģ‹œķ‚¤ģ§€ ģ•ŠģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:00
They don't meet each other's spouses or children.
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ģ„œė”œģ˜ ė°°ģš°ģž ė˜ėŠ” ģžė…€ė„¼ ė§Œė‚˜ģ§€ ģ•ŠģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:02
There's no more relationship there.
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ģøź°„ģ ģø źµģ œź°€ ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:05
And trying to run Congress without human relationships
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ģøź°„ģ  źµģ œ ģ—†ģ“ źµ­ķšŒė„¼ ģš“ģ˜ķ•˜ė ¤ź³  ķ•˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģ€
12:08
is like trying to run a car without motor oil.
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ėŖØķ„° ģ˜¤ģ¼ ģ—†ģ“ ģžė™ģ°Øė„¼ ģš“ķ–‰ķ•˜ė ¤ėŠ” ź²ƒź³¼ ź°™ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:11
Should we be surprised when the whole thing freezes up
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ėŖØė“  ģ”°ģ§ģ“ ź²½ģ§ė˜ź³ , ė§ˆė¹„ė˜ė©°
12:14
and descends into paralysis and polarization?
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ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™”ė˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģ“ ģ „ķ˜€ ė†€ėž„ ģ¼ģ“ ģ•„ė‹™ė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:18
A simple change to the legislative calendar,
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ģž…ė²• ģ¼ģ •ģ— ėŒ€ķ•œ ź°„ė‹Øķ•œ ė³€ź²½ģ„ ķ†µķ•“,
12:20
such as having business stretch out for three weeks
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ķ•œ ģ˜ˆė”œ, ģž…ė²• ķ–‰ģœ„ė„¼ 3ģ£¼ź°„ ź³„ģ†ķ•˜ź³ 
12:22
and then they get a week off to go home,
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ź·ø ķ›„ 1ģ£¼ź°„ ģ§‘ģ— ź°€ź²Œ ķ•œė‹¤ė©“
12:24
that would change the fundamental relationships in Congress.
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ģ˜ķšŒģ˜ ģøź°„ ź“€ź³„ė„¼ ź·¼ė³øģ ģœ¼ė”œ ė°”ź¾øź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:27
So there's a lot we can do, but who's going to push them to do it?
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ģ¼ģ€ ė§Žģ€ė°, ėˆ„ź°€ ź·øė“¤ģ„ ģ›€ģ§ģ“ź²Œ ķ• ź¹Œģš”?
12:30
There are a number of groups that are working on this.
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ģ“ė„¼ ģœ„ķ•“ ė…øė „ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ—¬ėŸ¬ ģ§‘ė‹Øģ“ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:32
No Labels and Common Cause, I think,
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ģ œ ģƒź°ģ—ėŠ” ė…ø ė ˆģ“ėø”ģŠ¤ģ™€ ģ»¤ėؼ ģ½”ģ¦ˆź°€
12:35
have very good ideas for changes we need to do
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ģš°ė¦¬ ėƼģ£¼ģ£¼ģ˜ė„¼ ė” ģ¦‰ź° ė°˜ģ‘ķ•˜ź²Œ ķ•˜ź³ 
12:37
to make our democracy more responsive and our Congress more effective.
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źµ­ķšŒė„¼ ķšØģœØģ ģœ¼ė”œ ė§Œė“¤ ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ģ¢‹ģ€ ģ•„ģ“ė””ģ–“ė“¤ģ„ ź°€ģ§€ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:40
But I'd like to supplement their work
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ź·øė“¤ģ˜ ģž‘ģ—…ģ„ ģ•½ź°„ģ˜ ģ‹¬ė¦¬ķ•™ģ  ķŠøė¦­ģœ¼ė”œ
12:42
with a little psychological trick, and the trick is this.
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ė³“ģ™„ķ•˜ė ¤ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ź·ø ķŠøė¦­ģ€ ģ“ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:46
Nothing pulls people together like a common threat
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ģ•„ė¬“ź²ƒė„ ģš°ė¦¬ģ—ź²Œ ė‹„ģ³ģ˜¤ėŠ” ź³µķ†µėœ ģœ„ķ˜‘, ķŠ¹ķžˆ ģ™øė¶€ ģ ģœ¼ė”œė¶€ķ„°ģ˜
12:49
or a common attack, especially an attack from a foreign enemy,
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ź³µź²©ė§Œķ¼ ģš°ė¦¬ė„¼ ź²°ģ†ģ‹œķ‚¤ģ§€ėŠ” ėŖ»ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:53
unless of course that threat hits on our polarized psychology,
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ė¬¼ė”  ėؼģ € ė§ķ–ˆė“Æģ“, ź·ø ģœ„ķ˜‘ģ“ ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™”ėœ ģ‹¬ė¦¬ ģƒķƒœė„¼ ģžź·¹ķ•˜ė©“,
12:58
in which case, as I said before, it can actually pull us apart.
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ģš°ė¦¬ė„¼ ė” ė¶„ė¦¬ķ•  ģˆ˜ė„ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:01
Sometimes a single threat can polarize us, as we saw.
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ė³øėŒ€ė”œ, ė•Œė”œėŠ” ķ•œź°€ģ§€ ģœ„ķ˜‘ģ“ ģš°ė¦¬ė„¼ ģ–‘ź·¹ķ™”ģ‹œķ‚µė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:04
But what if the situation we face is not a single threat
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ė§Œģ•½ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ė‹Øģ§€ ķ•œ ź°€ģ§€ ģœ„ķ˜‘ģ— ģ§ė©“ķ•˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģ“ ģ•„ė‹ˆė¼ė©“ ģ–“ė–Øź¹Œģš”?
13:07
but is actually more like this,
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ģ‹¤ģ œ ģš°ė¦¬ ģƒķ™©ģ€ ģ“ģ™€ ź°™ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:09
where there's just so much stuff coming in,
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ė„ˆė¬“ ė§Žģ€ ź²ƒė“¤ģ“ ėŖ°ė ¤ģ˜¤ź³ 
13:10
it's just, "Start shooting, come on, everybody,
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ź·øģ € ģ“ė ‡ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤. "ģ˜źø° ģ‹œģž‘ ķ•“ģš”, ģ–“ģ„œ ėŖØė‘ė“¤,
13:12
we've got to just work together, just start shooting."
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ģš°ė¦¬ ķ˜‘ė „ķ•“ģ•¼ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤, ź·øėƒ„ ģ˜ģ„øģš”."
13:15
Because actually, we do face this situation.
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ģš°ė¦¬ģ˜ ģƒķ™©ģ“ ģ‹¤ģ œ ģ“ė ‡ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:17
This is where we are as a country.
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ģš°ė¦¬ė‚˜ė¼ėŠ” ģ§€źøˆ ģ“ ģƒķƒœģ—ģš”.
13:20
So here's another asteroid.
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ģ—¬źø° ė˜ ķ•˜ė‚˜ģ˜ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ“ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:22
We've all seen versions of this graph, right,
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ėŖØė‘ ģ“ģ™€ ź°™ģ€ ķ˜•ķƒœģ˜ ė„ķ‘œė„¼ ė³ø ģ ģ“ ģžˆģ„ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:24
which shows the changes in wealth since 1979,
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1979ė…„ ģ“ķ›„ ė¶€ģ˜ ė³€ķ™”ė„¼ ė³“ģ—¬ ģ£¼ėŠ”ė°
13:27
and as you can see, almost all the gains in wealth
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ė³“ģ‹œė‹¤ģ‹œķ”¼, ģ¦ź°€ėœ ź±°ģ˜ ėŖØė“  ė¶€ź°€
13:30
have gone to the top 20 percent, and especially the top one percent.
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ģƒģœ„ 20%, ķŠ¹ķžˆ ģƒģœ„ 1% ė”œ ź°”ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:35
Rising inequality like this is associated
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ģ“ź°™ģ“ ģ‹¬ķ•“ģ§€ėŠ” ė¶ˆķ‰ė“±ģ€
13:37
with so many problems for a democracy.
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ėƼģ£¼ģ£¼ģ˜ ģ‚¬ķšŒė„¼ ķ•“ģ¹˜ėŠ” ė§Žģ€ ė¬øģ œģ™€ ź“€ź³„ź°€ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:40
Especially, it destroys our ability to trust each other,
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ķŠ¹ķžˆ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ź°™ģ€ ģš“ėŖ…ģ˜ ė°°ė„¼ ķƒ€ź³  ģžˆė‹¤ėŠ”,
13:43
to feel that we're all in the same boat, because it's obvious we're not.
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ģš°ė¦¬ģ˜ ģƒķ˜ø ģ‹ ė¢°ė„¼ ķŒŒź““ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ•„ė‹Œ ź²ƒģ“ ė¶„ėŖ…ķ•˜ė‹ˆź¹Œģš”.
13:46
Some of us are sitting there safe and sound in gigantic private yachts.
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ģ¼ė¶€ėŠ” ź°œģø ģ†Œģœ ģ˜ ėŒ€ķ˜• ģš”ķŠøģ— ģ•ˆģ „ķ•˜ź³  ķŽøķ•˜ź²Œ ģ•‰ģ•„ ģžˆėŠ” ė°˜ė©“ģ—,
13:49
Other people are clinging to a piece of driftwood.
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ė‹¤ė„ø ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ€ ė– ė‚“ė ¤ź°€ėŠ” ė‚˜ė­‡ģ”°ź°ģ„ ė¶™ģž”ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:51
We're not all in the same boat, and that means
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ėŖØė‘ ź°™ģ€ ė°°ģ— ķƒ€ź³  ģžˆģ§€ ģ•Šź³ 
13:53
nobody's willing to sacrifice for the common good.
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ģ–“ėŠ ėˆ„źµ¬ė„ ź³µģµģ„ ģœ„ķ•“ ķ¬ģƒķ•˜ź³ ģž ķ•˜ģ§€ ģ•ŠģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:58
The left has been screaming about this asteroid for 30 years now,
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ģ§„ė³“ģø”ģ€ 30ė…„ ė™ģ•ˆ ģ“ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ģ™øģ³ ģ™”ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:01
and the right says, "Huh, what? Hmm? No problem. No problem."
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ź·øė¦¬ź³  ė³“ģˆ˜ ģø”ģ€ , "ķ—ˆ, ė­ź°€? ģŒ? ė¬øģ œģ—†ģ–“ģš”. ė¬øģ œģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤." ė¼ź³  ė‹µķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:05
Now,
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ģ§€źøˆ,
14:08
why is that happening to us? Why is the inequality rising?
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ģ™œ ź·øėŸ° ģ¼ģ“ ģƒź¹ė‹ˆź¹Œ? ė¶ˆķ‰ė“±ģ€ ģ™œ ģ‹¬ķ•“ģ§‘ė‹ˆź¹Œ?
14:10
Well, one of the largest causes, after globalization,
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źµ­ģ œķ™” ė‹¤ģŒģœ¼ė”œ, ź°€ģž„ ķ° ģ“ģœ  ģ¤‘ģ— ķ•˜ė‚˜ėŠ”,
14:14
is actually this fourth asteroid,
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ģ“ ė„¤ ė²ˆģ§ø ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģøė°,
14:17
rising non-marital births.
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ė°”ė”œ ķ˜¼ģ™ø ģ¶œģ‚°ģ˜ ģ¦ź°€ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:19
This graph shows the steady rise of out-of-wedlock births
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ģ“ ė„ķ‘œėŠ” 1960ė…„ėŒ€ ė¶€ķ„°
14:22
since the 1960s.
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ķ˜¼ģ™ø ģ¶œģ‚°ģ˜ ź¾øģ¤€ķ•œ ģ¦ź°€ė„¼ ė³“ģ—¬ģ¤ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:24
Most Hispanic and black children are now born to unmarried mothers.
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ėŒ€ė¶€ė¶„ģ˜ ķžˆģŠ¤ķŒØė‹‰ź³¼ ķ‘ģø ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ€ ėÆøķ˜¼ėŖØģ—ź²Œģ„œ ķƒœģ–“ė‚©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:27
Whites are headed that way too.
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ė°±ģøė“¤ė„ ź°™ģ€ ģ¶”ģ„øė”œ ź°€ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:29
Within a decade or two, most American children
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10ė…„ ė˜ėŠ” 20ė…„ ģ•ˆģ— ź³¼ė°˜ģˆ˜ģ˜ ėÆøźµ­ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ€
14:32
will be born into homes with no father.
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ģ•„ė²„ģ§€ź°€ ģ—†ėŠ” ź°€ģ •ģ— ķƒœģ–“ė‚  ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:35
This means that there's much less money coming into the house.
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ģ“ėŠ” ź·ø ź°€ģ •ģ€ ķ›Øģ”¬ ģˆ˜ģž…ģ“ ģ ė‹¤ėŠ” ź±ø ģ˜ėÆøķ•˜ģ£ .
14:37
But it's not just money. It's also stability versus chaos.
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ź·øģ € ėˆ ė¬øģ œź°€ ģ•„ė‹™ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ•ˆģ •ģ  ķ™˜ź²½ź³¼ ė¬“ģ§ˆģ„œģ˜ ėŒ€ė¦½ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:41
As I know from working with street children in Brazil,
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ģ œź°€ ėøŒė¼ģ§ˆģ˜ źøøź±°ė¦¬ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ„ ģ—°źµ¬ķ•˜ė©° ģ•Œģ•„ė‚ø ė°”ģ— ģ˜ķ•˜ė©“
14:43
Mom's boyfriend is often a really, really dangerous person for kids.
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ģ—„ė§ˆģ˜ ģ• ģøģ€ ėŒ€ģ²“ė”œ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ—ź²Œ ģ •ė§ ģœ„ķ—˜ķ•œ ģ”“ģž¬ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:48
Now the right has been screaming about this asteroid since the 1960s,
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ė³“ģˆ˜ģø”ģ€ 1960ė…„ėŒ€ė¶€ķ„° ģ“ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ģ†Œė¦¬ģ³¤ėŠ”ė°
14:52
and the left has been saying, "It's not a problem. It's not a problem."
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ģ§„ė³“ ģø”ģ€ "ź·øź²ƒģ€ ė¬øģ œź°€ ģ•„ė‹ˆģ•¼. ė¬øģ œź°€ ģ•„ė‹ˆģ•¼." ė¼ź³  ķ•“ģ™”ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:56
The left has been very reluctant to say
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ģ§„ė³“ģø”ģ€ ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ ź²°ķ˜¼ģ“ ģ‹¤ģ œė”œ ģ—¬ģžģ™€ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ—ź²Œ
14:58
that marriage is actually good for women and for children.
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ģ¢‹ģ€ ź²ƒģ“ė¼ź³  ė§ķ•˜źø°ė„¼ źŗ¼ė ¤ģ™”ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:01
Now let me be clear. I'm not blaming the women here.
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ė¶„ėŖ…ķžˆ ė§ģ”€ė“œė¦¬ėŠ”ė°, ģ €ėŠ” ģ—¬ģžė“¤ģ„ ė¹„ė‚œķ•˜ėŠ”ź²Œ ģ•„ė‹™ė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:03
I'm actually more critical of the men
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ģ‹¤ģ œė”œ ģ €ėŠ” ė‚Øģžė“¤ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ė” ė¹„ķŒģ ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:05
who won't take responsibility for their own children
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ģžģ‹ ģ˜ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ— ėŒ€ķ•œ ģ±…ģž„ģ„ ģ§€ģ§€ ģ•ŠėŠ” ė‚Øģžė“¤ź³¼
15:07
and of an economic system that makes it difficult
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ė˜, ė§Žģ€ ė‚Øģžė“¤ģ“ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ„ ģ–‘ģœ”ķ• ė§Œķ•œ
15:10
for many men to earn enough money to support those children.
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ģˆ˜ģž…ģ„ ė²Œ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ėŠ” ź²½ģ œ ģ²“ģ œė„¼ ė¹„ķŒķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:13
But even if you blame nobody, it still is a national problem,
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ģ±…ģž„ ģ†Œģž¬ė„¼ ė”°ģ§€ģ§€ ģ•Šė”ė¼ė„, ģ—¬ģ „ķžˆ źµ­ź°€ ģ°Øģ›ģ˜ ė¬øģ œģ“ė©°
15:17
and one side has been more concerned about it than the other.
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ķ•œģŖ½ģ€ ė‹¤ė„ø ģŖ½ė³“ė‹¤ ģ“ ė¬øģ œė„¼ ė” ģ‹¬ź°ķ•˜ź²Œ ģƒź°ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:21
The New York Times finally noticed this asteroid
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ė‰“ģš• ķƒ€ģž„ģ¦ˆėŠ” ė§ˆģ¹Øė‚“ ģ“ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ„ ė°œź²¬ķ•˜ź³ 
15:23
with a front-page story last July
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ģ§€ė‚œ 7ģ›” ģ œ1ė©“ źø°ģ‚¬ģ—ģ„œ ź²°ķ˜¼ģ˜ ź°ģ†Œź°€
15:26
showing how the decline of marriage contributes to inequality.
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ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ė¶ˆķ‰ė“±ģ„ ģ“ˆėž˜ķ•˜ėŠ”ģ§€ė„¼ ė³“ģ—¬ģ¤¬ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:30
We are becoming a nation of just two classes.
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ė‹Øģ§€ ė‘ ź°œģ˜ ź³„ģøµė§Œ ģžˆėŠ” ė‚˜ė¼ź°€ ė˜ģ–“ź°€ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:33
When Americans go to college and marry each other,
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ėŒ€ķ•™ģ— ź°€ģ„œ ė§Œė‚˜ ź²°ķ˜¼ķ•œ ėÆøźµ­ģøė“¤ģ€
15:36
they have very low divorce rates.
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ģ“ķ˜¼ģœØģ“ ė§¤ģš° ė‚®ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:39
They earn a lot of money, they invest that money in their kids,
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ėˆģ„ ė§Žģ“ ė²Œź³ , ź·ø ėˆģ„ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ˜ ģ–‘ģœ”ģ— ķˆ¬ģžķ•˜ź³ ,
15:42
some of them become tiger mothers,
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ź·øģ¤‘ ģ¼ė¶€ėŠ” ķ˜øėž‘ģ“ ģ—„ė§ˆź°€ ė˜ģ–“
15:43
the kids rise to their full potential,
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ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ€ ģž ģž¬ė „ģ„ ģµœėŒ€ė”œ ķ™œģš©ķ•˜ė©° ģ„±ģž„ķ•˜ź³ 
15:45
and the kids go on to become
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ź·ø ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ€ ģ“ ė„ķ‘œģ˜
15:48
the top two lines in this graph.
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ė§Ø ģœ„ ė‘ ģ¤„ģ— ė„ė‹¬ķ•˜ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:52
And then there's everybody else:
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ź·øė¦¬ź³ , ė‹¤ė„ø ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ€
15:54
the children who don't benefit from a stable marriage,
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ģ•ˆģ •ģ ģø ź²°ķ˜¼ģ˜ ķ˜œķƒģ„ ė°›ģ§€ ėŖ»ķ•˜ź³ 
15:58
who don't have as much invested in them,
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ė§Žģ€ ķˆ¬ģžė„ ė°›ģ§€ ėŖ»ķ•˜ė©°
15:59
who don't grow up in a stable environment,
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ģ•ˆģ •ģ ģø ķ™˜ź²½ģ—ģ„œ ģ„±ģž„ķ•˜ģ§€ ėŖ»ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ€,
16:01
and who go on to become the bottom three lines in that graph.
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ģ“ ė„ķ‘œģ˜ ģ•„ėž˜ģŖ½ ģ„ø ģ¤„ģ„ ģ°Øģ§€ķ•˜ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
16:06
So once again, we see that these two graphs are actually saying the same thing.
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ė‹¤ģ‹œ ķ•œė²ˆ, ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ģ“ ė‘ ź°œģ˜ ė„ķ‘œėŠ” ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ ź°™ģ€ ė‚“ģš©ģ“ė¼ėŠ” ź²ƒģ„ ģ•Œ ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
16:10
As before, we've got a problem, we've got to start working on this,
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ģ˜ˆģ „ģ²˜ėŸ¼, ģš°ė¦¬ģ—ź²ŒėŠ” ė¬øģ œź°€ ģžˆź³ , ķ’€źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ•“ģ•¼ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
16:13
we've got to do something,
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ė­”ź°€ ķ•“ģ•¼ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
16:15
and what's wrong with you people that you don't see my threat?
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ģ“ ģœ„ķ˜‘ģ„ ėŖ»ė³“ėŠ” ė¶„ė“¤ģ—ź²ŒėŠ” ė¬“ģŠØ ė¬øģ œź°€ ģžˆėŠ” ź±øź¹Œģš”?
16:17
But if everybody could just take off their partisan blinders,
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ėŖØė“  ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ė‹¹ķŒŒ ėˆˆź°€ė¦¬ź°œė„¼ ė²—ģ„ ģˆ˜ė§Œ ģžˆė‹¤ė©“,
16:21
we'd see that these two problems actually
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ ģ“ ė‘ ė¬øģ œė„¼ ź°™ģ“ ė‹¤ė£ØėŠ” ź²ƒģ“
16:24
are best addressed together.
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ģµœģ„ ģ±…ģ“ė¼ėŠ” ź²ƒģ„ ė³“ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
16:27
Because if you really care about income inequality,
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ģ†Œė“ ė¶ˆķ‰ė“±ģ— ėŒ€ķ•œ ź“€ģ‹¬ģ“ ģ •ė§ė”œ ģžˆė‹¤ė©“
16:28
you might want to talk to some evangelical Christian groups
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ź²°ķ˜¼ģ„ ģž„ė ¤ķ•˜źø° ģœ„ķ•“ ģµœģ„ ģ„ ė‹¤ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆėŠ”
16:31
that are working on ways to promote marriage.
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ė³µģŒģ£¼ģ˜ źø°ė…źµ ė‹Øģ²“ģ™€ ėŒ€ķ™”ė„¼ ķ•  ģˆ˜ė„ ģžˆģ§€ģš”.
16:34
But then you're going to run smack into the problem
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ė˜, ģ—¬ģžė“¤ģ“ ģ§ģ—…ģ“ ģ—†ėŠ” ė‚Øģžģ™€
16:36
that women don't generally want to marry someone
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ź²°ķ˜¼ķ•˜źø°ė„¼ ģ›ģ¹˜ ģ•ŠėŠ”ė‹¤ėŠ” ė¬øģ œģ—
16:38
who doesn't have a job.
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ė¶€ė‹„ģ¹˜ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
16:41
So if you really care about strengthening families,
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ė”°ė¼ģ„œ ģ§„ģ •ģœ¼ė”œ ź°€ģ”±ģ„ ź°•ķ™”ķ•˜ėŠ”ė° ź“€ģ‹¬ģ“ ģžˆė‹¤ė©“,
16:43
you might want to talk to some liberal groups
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źµģœ”ģ˜ źø°ķšŒ ź· ė“±ģ„ ģœ„ķ•“ ė…øė „ķ•˜ėŠ”,
16:44
who are working on promoting educational equality,
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ģµœģ € ģž„źøˆ ģøģƒģ„ ģœ„ķ•“ ģ• ģ“°ėŠ”,
16:48
who are working on raising the minimum wage,
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ė§Žģ€ ė‚Øģžė“¤ģ“ ķ˜•ģ‚¬ ģ‚¬ė²•ģ œė„ģ— ģ˜ķ•“
16:49
who are working on finding ways to stop so many men
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ķ‰ģƒ ź²°ķ˜¼ ėŒ€ģƒģ—ģ„œ ģ œģ™øė˜ģ§€ ģ•Šė„ė” ķ•“ź²°ģ±…ģ„
16:52
from being sucked into the criminal justice system and
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ģ°¾źø° ģœ„ķ•“ ė…øė „ķ•˜ėŠ” ģžģœ ģ£¼ģ˜ģ‹ ķ•™ ė‹Øģ²“ė“¤ģ—ź²Œ
16:54
taken out of the marriage market for their whole lives.
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ėŒ€ķ™”ė„¼ ģš”ģ²­ķ•  ģˆ˜ė„ ģžˆź² ģ§€ģš”.
16:58
So to conclude, there are at least four asteroids headed our way.
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ź²°ė” ģ ģœ¼ė”œ, ģš°ė¦¬ģ—ź²Œ ģµœģ†Œ ė„¤ ź°œģ˜ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ģ“ ė‹„ģ³ģ˜¤ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
17:04
How many of you can see all four?
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ėŖ‡ ė¶„ģ“ė‚˜ ė„¤ ź°œė„¼ ė‹¤ ė³“ģ‹¤ ģˆ˜ ģžˆė‚˜ģš”?
17:06
Please raise your hand right now if you're willing to admit
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ģ“ ė„¤ ź°œź°€ ė‹¤ źµ­ź°€ģ ģø ė¬øģ œė¼ėŠ” ź²ƒģ„
17:09
that all four of these are national problems.
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ģ‹œģøķ•˜ģ‹œėŠ” ė¶„ė“¤ģ€ ģ§€źøˆ ģ†ė“¤ģ–“ ģ£¼ģ‹­ģ‹œģ˜¤.
17:12
Please raise your hands.
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ģ†ė“¤ģ–“ ģ£¼ģ„øģš”.
17:14
Okay, almost all of you.
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ģ¢‹ģ•„ģš”, ź±°ģ§„ ėŖØė‘ ė‹¤ė„¤ģš”.
17:15
Well, congratulations, you guys are the inaugural members
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ģ¶•ķ•˜ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ—¬ėŸ¬ė¶„ģ€ ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„± ķ“ėŸ½ģ˜ ģ„¤ė¦½ ķšŒģ›ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
17:18
of the Asteroids Club, which is a club
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ģ“ ķ“ėŸ½ģ€ ģƒėŒ€ė°©ė„ ģ¼ė¦¬ź°€ ģžˆģ„ ģˆ˜ ģžˆė‹¤ėŠ” ģ ģ„
17:22
for all Americans who are willing to admit
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ģøģ •ķ•˜ėŠ” ėŖØė“  ėÆøźµ­ģøė“¤ģ˜
17:25
that the other side actually might have a point.
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ėŖØģž„ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
17:28
In the Asteroids Club, we don't start by looking for common ground.
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ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„± ķ“ėŸ½ģ€ ģš°ė¦¬ģ˜ ź³µķ†µģ ģ„ ģ°¾ėŠ” ģ¼ė”œ ģ‹œģž‘ķ•˜ģ§€ ģ•ŠģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
17:31
Common ground is often very hard to find.
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ź³µķ†µģ ģ€ ģ°¾źø°ź°€ ė§¤ģš° ģ–“ė µģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
17:33
No, we start by looking for common threats
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ėŒ€ģ‹ , ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ź³µķ†µģ ģø ģœ„ķ˜‘ģ„ ģ°¾ėŠ” ź²ƒģœ¼ė”œ ģ‹œģž‘ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
17:35
because common threats make common ground.
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ź³µķ†µģ ģø ģœ„ķ˜‘ģ€ ź³µķ†µģ ģ„ ė§Œė“¤ģ–“ģ£¼źø° ė•Œė¬øģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
17:38
Now, am I being naive? Is it naive to think
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ģ œź°€ ė„ˆė¬“ ģˆœģ§„ķ•œ ź±“ź°€ģš”? ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“ ģ¹¼ģ„ ė‚“ė ¤ė†“ź³ 
17:42
that people could ever lay down their swords,
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ģ§„ė³“ģ™€ ė³“ģˆ˜ź°€ ź°™ģ“ ķ˜‘ė „ķ•˜ģ—¬ ģ¼ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆė‹¤ź³ 
17:44
and left and right could actually work together?
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ģƒź°ķ•˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģ“ ė„ˆė¬“ ģˆœģ§„ķ•œź°€ģš”?
17:47
I don't think so, because it happens,
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ģ €ėŠ” ź·øė ‡ź²Œ ģƒź°ķ•˜ģ§€ ģ•ŠģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤. ģžģ£¼ėŠ” ģ•„ė‹ˆģ§€ė§Œ
17:50
not all that often, but there are a variety of examples that point the way.
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ź°€ėŠ„ģ„±ģ„ ė³“ģ—¬ģ£¼ėŠ” ģ˜ˆź°€ ģ—¬ėŸæ ģžˆģœ¼ė‹ˆź¹Œģš”.
17:54
This is something we can do.
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ģ“ź²Œ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
17:55
Because Americans on both sides care about the decline in civility,
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ģ–‘ģø”ģ˜ ėÆøźµ­ģøė“¤ģ€ ģƒķ˜ø ģ”“ģ¤‘ģ“ ģ‚¬ė¼ģ øź°€ėŠ” ź±ø ģ—¼ė ¤ķ•˜ģ—¬
17:59
and they've formed dozens of organizations,
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ģˆ˜ģ‹­ź°œģ˜ ģ”°ģ§ģ„ źµ¬ģ„±ķ–ˆź³ ,
18:01
at the national level, such as this one,
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ģ“ģ™€ ź°™ģ€ źµ­ź°€ ģ°Øģ›ģ˜ ģ”°ģ§ź³¼,
18:03
down to many local organizations,
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ė§Žģ€ ģ§€ė°© ģ”°ģ§ģ— ģ“ė„“ėŠ”ė°,
18:05
such as To The Village Square in Tallahassee, Florida,
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ģ˜ˆė„¼ ė“¤ģ–“ ķ”Œė”œė¦¬ė‹¤ģ˜ ė”ė¹Œė¦¬ģ§€ģŠ¤ķ€˜ģ–“(The Village Square)ź°™ģ“
18:07
which tries to bring state leaders together to help facilitate
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ķ”Œė”œė¦¬ė‹¤ģ˜ ė¬øģ œ ķ•“ź²°ģ„ ģœ„ķ•“ģ„œ, ģ£¼ģ˜ ģ§€ė„ģžė“¤ģ“ ķ•Øź»˜
18:10
that sort of working together human relationship
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ģ¼ķ•˜ėŠ” ģøź°„ź“€ź³„ė„¼ ķ˜•ģ„±ķ•˜ė„ė”
18:13
that's necessary to solve Florida's problems.
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ķ™”ķ•©ģ‹œķ‚¤źø° ģœ„ķ•“ ė…øė „ķ•˜ėŠ” źø°ź“€ģ“ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
18:16
Americans on both sides care about global poverty and AIDS,
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ģ–‘ģŖ½ ėÆøźµ­ģøė“¤ ėŖØė‘ėŠ” ģ„øź³„ģ˜ ė¹ˆź³¤ź³¼ ģ—ģ“ģ¦ˆģ—
18:20
and on so many humanitarian issues,
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ź·øė¦¬ź³  ė§Žģ€ ģøė„ģ£¼ģ˜ ė¬øģ œģ— ź“€ģ‹¬ģ„ ź°–ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
18:23
liberals and evangelicals are actually natural allies,
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ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ ģžģœ ģ£¼ģ˜ģ™€ ė³µģŒģ£¼ģ˜ ģ‹ ķ•™ģžė“¤ģ€ ģ›ėž˜ ė™ė£Œė“¤ģ“ź³ 
18:26
and at times they really have worked together
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ė•Œė•Œė”œ ź·øė“¤ģ€ ģ“ ė¬øģ œ ķ•“ź²°ģ„ ģœ„ķ•“
18:28
to solve these problems.
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ģ •ė§ ķ•Øź»˜ ģ¼ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
18:30
And most surprisingly to me, they sometimes can even see
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ź·øė¦¬ź³  ė†€ėžź²Œė„ ķ˜•ģ‚¬ ģ‚¬ė²•ģ œė„ģ—
18:33
eye to eye on criminal justice.
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ģ¢…ģ¢… ģ˜ź²¬ģ„ ź°™ģ“ ķ•˜źø°ė„ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
18:35
For example, the incarceration rate, the prison population
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ģ˜ˆė„¼ ė“¤ģ–“ ģˆ˜ź°ė„ , źµė„ģˆ˜ ģˆ˜ź°ģž ģˆ˜ėŠ”
18:39
in this country has quadrupled since 1980.
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1980ė…„ģ˜ ė„¤ ė°°ė”œ ėŠ˜ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
18:43
Now this is a social disaster,
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ģ“ź²ƒģ€ ģ‚¬ķšŒģ ģø ķ° ė¬øģ œģ“ź³ 
18:45
and liberals are very concerned about this.
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ģ§„ė³“ģø”ģ€ ģ“ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ė§¤ģš° ģš°ė ¤ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
18:47
The Southern Poverty Law Center is often fighting
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ė‚Øė¶€ ė¹ˆź³¤ ė²•ė„  ģ„¼ķ„°ėŠ” źµė„ģ†Œ-ģ‚°ģ—… ė³µķ•©ģ²“ģ— ė§žģ„œ ģ‹øģš°ź³  ģžˆź³ 
18:50
the prison-industrial complex, fighting to prevent a system
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ź³„ģ†ķ•“ģ„œ ź°€ė‚œķ•œ ģ Šģ€ ė‚Øģžė“¤ģ„ ėŒģ–“ė“¤ģ“źø°ė§Œ ķ•˜ėŠ”
18:53
that's just sucking in more and more poor young men.
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ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ„ ė°©ģ§€ķ•˜źø° ģœ„ķ•“ ķˆ¬ģŸķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
18:56
But are conservatives happy about this?
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ź·øėŸ¼ ė³“ģˆ˜ ģø”ģ€ ģ“ ģƒķ™©ģ— ė§Œģ”±ķ•©ė‹ˆź¹Œ?
18:58
Well, Grover Norquist isn't, because this system
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ź·øė”œė²„ ė…øķ€“ģŠ¤ķŠøėŠ” ģ•„ė‹™ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ“ ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ€ ģƒģƒģ„
19:01
costs an unbelievable amount of money.
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ģ“ˆģ›”ķ•˜ėŠ” ė¹„ģš©ģ„ ģ“°ė‹ˆź¹Œģš”.
19:04
And so, because the prison-industrial complex
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ź·øėž˜ģ„œ, źµė„ģ†Œ-ģ‚°ģ—… ė³µķ•©ģ²“ėŠ” ģ£¼ ģ •ė¶€ģ˜ ģž¬ģ •ģ„ ķŒŒķƒ„ģ‹œķ‚¤ź³ 
19:07
is bankrupting our states and corroding our souls,
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ģš°ė¦¬ģ˜ ģ˜ķ˜¼ģ„ ė…¹ģŠ¬ź²Œ ķ•˜źø° ė•Œė¬øģ—
19:11
groups of fiscal conservatives and Christian conservatives
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ģž¬ģ •ģ  ė³“ģˆ˜ģ™€ źø°ė…źµ ė³“ģˆ˜ė“¤ģ“ ķ˜‘ė „ķ•˜ģ—¬
19:15
have come together to form a group called Right on Crime.
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ė¼ģ“ķŠø ģ˜Ø ķ¬ė¼ģž„(Right on Crime)ģ“ė¼ėŠ” ź·øė£¹ģ„ ķ˜•ģ„±ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
19:19
And at times they have worked with the Southern Poverty Law Center
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ė•Œė”œėŠ” ė‚Øė¶€ ė¹ˆź³¤ ė²•ė„  ģ„¼ķ„°ģ™€ ķ•Øź»˜
19:21
to oppose the building of new prisons
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ģƒˆė”œģš“ ź°ģ˜„ģ„ ź±“ģ„¤ķ•˜ėŠ”ė° ė°˜ėŒ€ķ•˜ź³ 
19:23
and to work for reforms that will make the justice system
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ė” ķšØģœØģ ģ“ź³  ė” ģøź°„ģ ģø ģ‚¬ė²• ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ„ ģœ„ķ•œ
19:27
more efficient and more humane.
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ź°œķ˜ ė°©ė²•ģ„ ź³µė™ ģ¶”ģ§„ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
19:30
So this is possible. We can do it.
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ź°€ėŠ„ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
19:33
Let us therefore go to battle stations,
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ģ„œė”œ ģ‹øģš°ģ§€ ė§ź³ 
19:36
not to fight each other,
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ė‹¤ź°€ģ˜¤ėŠ” ģ†Œķ–‰ģ„±ė“¤ģ„ ķ”¼ķ•˜źø° ģœ„ķ•“
19:37
but to begin deflecting these incoming asteroids.
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ģ „ķˆ¬ ģœ„ģ¹˜ė”œ ģ“ė™ķ•©ģ‹œė‹¤.
19:41
And let our first mission be to press Congress
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ź·øė¦¬ź³  ģš°ė¦¬ģ˜ ģ²« ė²ˆģ§ø ģž„ė¬“ė”œ źµ­ķšŒė„¼ ź°œķ˜ķ•˜ė„ė” ģ••ė°•ķ•©ģ‹œė‹¤.
19:44
to reform itself, before it's too late for our nation.
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ģš°ė¦¬ė‚˜ė¼ė„¼ ģœ„ķ•“ ė„ˆė¬“ ėŠ¦ģ§€ ģ•Šė„ė” ė§ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
19:48
Thank you. (Applause)
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ź°ģ‚¬ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. (ė°•ģˆ˜)
ģ“ ģ›¹ģ‚¬ģ“ķŠø ģ •ė³“

ģ“ ģ‚¬ģ“ķŠøėŠ” ģ˜ģ–“ ķ•™ģŠµģ— ģœ ģš©ķ•œ YouTube ė™ģ˜ģƒģ„ ģ†Œź°œķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ „ ģ„øź³„ ģµœź³ ģ˜ ģ„ ģƒė‹˜ė“¤ģ“ ź°€ė„“ģ¹˜ėŠ” ģ˜ģ–“ ģˆ˜ģ—…ģ„ ė³“ź²Œ ė  ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. ź° ė™ģ˜ģƒ ķŽ˜ģ“ģ§€ģ— ķ‘œģ‹œė˜ėŠ” ģ˜ģ–“ ģžė§‰ģ„ ė”ėø” ķ“ė¦­ķ•˜ė©“ ź·øź³³ģ—ģ„œ ė™ģ˜ģƒģ“ ģž¬ģƒė©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ė¹„ė””ģ˜¤ ģž¬ģƒģ— ė§žģ¶° ģžė§‰ģ“ ģŠ¤ķ¬ė”¤ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ˜ź²¬ģ“ė‚˜ ģš”ģ²­ģ“ ģžˆėŠ” ź²½ģš° ģ“ ė¬øģ˜ ģ–‘ģ‹ģ„ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•˜ģ—¬ ė¬øģ˜ķ•˜ģ‹­ģ‹œģ˜¤.

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