How radio telescopes show us unseen galaxies | Natasha Hurley-Walker

185,808 views ใƒป 2017-05-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
0
0
7000
๋ฒˆ์—ญ: KI young Jang ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
์šฐ์ฃผ, ์ตœํ›„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ง€.
00:13
Space, the final frontier.
1
13080
2760
00:17
I first heard these words when I was just six years old,
2
17880
3456
์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:21
and I was completely inspired.
3
21360
2256
๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
00:23
I wanted to explore strange new worlds.
4
23640
2376
๋‚ฏ์„ค๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ 
00:26
I wanted to seek out new life.
5
26040
1496
00:27
I wanted to see everything that the universe had to offer.
6
27560
3200
์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:31
And those dreams, those words, they took me on a journey,
7
31840
3696
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฟˆ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ œ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
a journey of discovery,
8
35560
1456
๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด์ฃ .
๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต, ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
00:37
through school, through university,
9
37040
2176
00:39
to do a PhD and finally to become a professional astronomer.
10
39240
3440
๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Now, I learned two amazing things,
11
43920
3016
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
00:46
one slightly unfortunate,
12
46960
1536
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์•„์‰ฌ์›€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:48
when I was doing my PhD.
13
48520
2056
๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฑด
00:50
I learned that the reality was
14
50600
2416
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:53
I wouldn't be piloting a starship anytime soon.
15
53040
3160
00:57
But I also learned that the universe is strange, wonderful and vast,
16
57440
4616
๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์œผ๋ก  ํƒํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
01:02
actually too vast to be explored by spaceship.
17
62080
2800
01:05
And so I turned my attention to astronomy, to using telescopes.
18
65720
3360
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋์ฃ .
01:09
Now, I show you before you an image of the night sky.
19
69840
2776
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐค ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
You might see it anywhere in the world.
20
72640
1920
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
์ด ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์ธ ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And all of these stars are part of our local galaxy, the Milky Way.
21
75040
3960
01:19
Now, if you were to go to a darker part of the sky,
22
79560
2696
์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:22
a nice dark site, perhaps in the desert,
23
82280
2536
์•„๋งˆ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„์ฃผ ์บ„์บ„ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด
01:24
you might see the center of our Milky Way galaxy
24
84840
2416
์ด๊ณณ ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
spread out before you, hundreds of billions of stars.
25
87280
2960
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์— ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ„๋“ค์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:30
And it's a very beautiful image.
26
90840
1576
์ •๋ง ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ 
01:32
It's colorful.
27
92440
1336
๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กญ์ฃ .
01:33
And again, this is just a local corner of our universe.
28
93800
3616
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
You can see there's a sort of strange dark dust across it.
29
97440
3296
๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ €ํŽธ์—” ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:40
Now, that is local dust
30
100760
1976
๋จผ์ง€ ์„ฑ์šด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:42
that's obscuring the light of the stars.
31
102760
2656
์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ„๋น›์ด ๊ฐ€๋ ค์„œ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
01:45
But we can do a pretty good job.
32
105440
1576
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฝค ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ด์„œ
์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„๊ตฌ์„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:47
Just with our own eyes, we can explore our little corner of the universe.
33
107040
3456
01:50
It's possible to do better.
34
110520
1336
๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:51
You can use wonderful telescopes like the Hubble Space Telescope.
35
111880
3760
ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๊ฐ™์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ .
01:56
Now, astronomers have put together this image.
36
116200
2176
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
01:58
It's called the Hubble Deep Field,
37
118400
1896
'ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ๋”ฅ ํ•„๋“œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
and they've spent hundreds of hours observing just a tiny patch of the sky
38
120320
4336
ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ฃ .
02:04
no larger than your thumbnail held at arm's length.
39
124680
2400
ํŒ”์„ ๋ป—์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์—„์ง€์†ํ†ฑ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
02:07
And in this image
40
127520
1256
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์•ˆ์—๋Š”
02:08
you can see thousands of galaxies,
41
128800
1656
์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
and we know that there must be hundreds of millions, billions of galaxies
42
130480
3456
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์–ต, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๊ฐ€
02:13
in the entire universe,
43
133960
1376
์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:15
some like our own and some very different.
44
135360
2656
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ  ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค.
02:18
So you think, OK, well, I can continue this journey.
45
138040
2656
02:20
This is easy. I can just use a very powerful telescope
46
140720
2696
์‰ฝ๋„ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€. ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†๋„ค.
02:23
and just look at the sky, no problem.
47
143440
1800
02:25
It's actually really missing out if we just do that.
48
145960
4016
์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๋†“์นœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
02:30
Now, that's because everything I've talked about so far
49
150000
2736
02:32
is just using the visible spectrum, just the thing that your eyes can see,
50
152760
3896
๊ฐ€์‹œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
and that's a tiny slice,
51
156680
1416
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ด์š”.
์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ฃ .
02:38
a tiny, tiny slice of what the universe has to offer us.
52
158120
3360
๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Now, there's also two very important problems with using visible light.
53
162160
4736
02:46
Not only are we missing out on all the other processes
54
166920
2736
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋น›์ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„
02:49
that are emitting other kinds of light,
55
169680
3176
02:52
but there's two issues.
56
172880
1416
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:54
Now, the first is that dust that I mentioned earlier.
57
174320
3376
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋จผ์ง€ ์„ฑ์šด์ด์—์š”.
02:57
The dust stops the visible light from getting to us.
58
177720
2936
๋จผ์ง€ ์„ฑ์šด์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„ ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:00
So as we look deeper into the universe, we see less light.
59
180680
4696
๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋น›์ด ์˜…์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
03:05
The dust stops it getting to us.
60
185400
1560
๋จผ์ง€ ์„ฑ์šด์ด ๋น›์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
But there's a really strange problem with using visible light
61
187520
3416
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ๋•Œ
03:10
in order to try and explore the universe.
62
190960
1960
์ •๋ง ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:13
Now take a break for a minute.
63
193640
2256
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:15
Say you're standing on a corner, a busy street corner.
64
195920
2680
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—„์ฒญ ๋ถ๋น„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ๋ง‰ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€์š”.
03:19
There's cars going by.
65
199080
1496
03:20
An ambulance approaches.
66
200600
1400
๊ทธ๋•Œ ์‘๊ธ‰์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
It has a high-pitched siren.
67
202840
1376
์‚ฌ์ด๋ Œ์„ ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:24
(Imitates a siren passing by)
68
204240
3736
(์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํ‰๋‚ด)
์‚ฌ์ด๋ Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:28
The siren appeared to change in pitch
69
208000
2336
03:30
as it moved towards and away from you.
70
210360
2080
์‚ฌ์ด๋ Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
The ambulance driver did not change the siren just to mess with you.
71
212960
3880
์‘๊ธ‰์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋†€๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ด๋ Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
That was a product of your perception.
72
218040
2576
03:40
The sound waves, as the ambulance approached,
73
220640
2736
์‘๊ธ‰์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํŒŒ๋™์ด ์••์ถ•๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:43
were compressed,
74
223400
1216
03:44
and they changed higher in pitch.
75
224640
1936
์Œ์—ญ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€์ฃ .
03:46
As the ambulance receded, the sound waves were stretched,
76
226600
2776
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํŒŒ๋™์ด ๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
03:49
and they sounded lower in pitch.
77
229400
2056
์Œ์—ญ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
The same thing happens with light.
78
231480
2000
๋น›๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์—์š”.
๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์˜ค๋ฉด
03:54
Objects moving towards us,
79
234040
2376
03:56
their light waves are compressed and they appear bluer.
80
236440
3176
๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์ด ์••์ถ•๋˜์„œ ๋” ํŒŒ๋ž—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
03:59
Objects moving away from us,
81
239640
2216
๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ ธ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
04:01
their light waves are stretched, and they appear redder.
82
241880
2656
๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ๋ถ‰๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
So we call these effects blueshift and redshift.
83
244560
2880
์ด๊ฑธ ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์ด๋™, ์ ์ƒ‰์ด๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
04:08
Now, our universe is expanding,
84
248440
2936
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ ์  ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
04:11
so everything is moving away from everything else,
85
251400
4176
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
and that means everything appears to be red.
86
255600
2680
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ ์  ๋ถ‰๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:19
And oddly enough, as you look more deeply into the universe,
87
259040
3736
04:22
more distant objects are moving away further and faster,
88
262800
4296
๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ ธ์š”.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
04:27
so they appear more red.
89
267120
1719
04:29
So if I come back to the Hubble Deep Field
90
269560
2935
๋‹ค์‹œ ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ๋”ฅ ํ•„๋“œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด
04:32
and we were to continue to peer deeply into the universe
91
272519
2697
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
just using the Hubble,
92
275240
1536
04:36
as we get to a certain distance away,
93
276800
2696
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”
04:39
everything becomes red,
94
279520
1600
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ‰๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
and that presents something of a problem.
95
281920
1976
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ฃ 
04:43
Eventually, we get so far away
96
283920
2056
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ์ ์™ธ์„  ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
everything is shifted into the infrared
97
286000
2976
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:49
and we can't see anything at all.
98
289000
2000
04:51
So there must be a way around this.
99
291680
1696
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Otherwise, I'm limited in my journey.
100
293400
1816
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์—ฌ์ •์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋๋‚˜๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:55
I wanted to explore the whole universe,
101
295240
1896
์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
์ ์ƒ‰์ด๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ์ด๊ฑด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:57
not just whatever I can see, you know, before the redshift kicks in.
102
297160
3920
ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
There is a technique.
103
302160
1256
05:03
It's called radio astronomy.
104
303440
1376
์ „ํŒŒ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:04
Astronomers have been using this for decades.
105
304840
2336
์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
It's a fantastic technique.
106
307200
1296
์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์—์š”.
05:08
I show you the Parkes Radio Telescope, affectionately known as "The Dish."
107
308520
3486
์˜ํ™” "๋” ๋””์‰ฌ" ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํŒ์Šค ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
๋‹ค๋“ค ์ด ์˜ํ™” ๋ณด์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:12
You may have seen the movie.
108
312040
1776
05:13
And radio is really brilliant.
109
313840
1576
์ „ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ด์š”.
05:15
It allows us to peer much more deeply.
110
315440
2536
์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•๋ถ„์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
๋จผ์ง€ ์„ฑ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
05:18
It doesn't get stopped by dust,
111
318000
2696
05:20
so you can see everything in the universe,
112
320720
2256
์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์ ์ƒ‰์ด๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
and redshift is less of a problem
113
323000
1856
05:24
because we can build receivers that receive across a large band.
114
324880
3200
์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:28
So what does Parkes see when we turn it to the center of the Milky Way?
115
328600
3936
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํŒ์Šค ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ณด์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:32
We should see something fantastic, right?
116
332560
1960
๋ถ„๋ช… ๊ต‰์žฅํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
์Œ, ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
Well, we do see something interesting.
117
335160
2896
๋จผ์ง€ ์„ฑ์šด์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
05:38
All that dust has gone.
118
338080
1656
05:39
As I mentioned, radio goes straight through dust, so not a problem.
119
339760
3440
๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ „ํŒŒ๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€ ์„ฑ์šด์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:43
But the view is very different.
120
343840
1896
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ฃ .
05:45
We can see that the center of the Milky Way is aglow,
121
345760
3816
์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
and this isn't starlight.
122
349600
1680
์ด๊ฑด ๋ณ„๋น›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
05:51
This is a light called synchrotron radiation,
123
351960
3136
์ด ๋น›์€ ์‹ฑํฌ๋กœํŠธ๋ก  ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ด‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์ด๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์„ ํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
and it's formed from electrons spiraling around cosmic magnetic fields.
124
355120
4600
06:00
So the plane is aglow with this light.
125
360280
3096
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ๋ฉด์ด ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜์ฃ .
06:03
And we can also see strange tufts coming off of it,
126
363400
3296
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์‹คํƒ€๋ž˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:06
and objects which don't appear to line up
127
366720
2496
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
06:09
with anything that we can see with our own eyes.
128
369240
2320
๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์ค„์ง€์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
06:12
But it's hard to really interpret this image,
129
372520
2136
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
because as you can see, it's very low resolution.
130
374680
2776
ํ™”์งˆ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
06:17
Radio waves have a wavelength that's long,
131
377480
2176
์ „ํŒŒ ํŒŒ๋™์€ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:19
and that makes their resolution poorer.
132
379680
2296
ํ™”์งˆ์ด ๋‚˜๋น ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋˜ ํ‘๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:22
This image is also black and white,
133
382000
2056
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ‰์ธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
so we don't really know what is the color of everything in here.
134
384080
3760
06:28
Well, fast-forward to today.
135
388640
1376
ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๋ณด๋ฉด
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:30
We can build telescopes
136
390040
1456
06:31
which can get over these problems.
137
391520
2616
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋จธ์น˜์Šจ ์ „ํŒŒ ๊ด€์ธก์†Œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:34
Now, I'm showing you here an image of the Murchison Radio Observatory,
138
394160
3336
06:37
a fantastic place to build radio telescopes.
139
397520
2776
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
It's flat, it's dry,
140
400320
2296
ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
06:42
and most importantly, it's radio quiet:
141
402640
2976
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์ „ํŒŒ ์ œํ•œ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
no mobile phones, no Wi-Fi, nothing,
142
405640
3096
ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ๋„ ์™€์ดํŒŒ์ด๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
06:48
just very, very radio quiet,
143
408760
2496
๋ฐฉํ•ด ์ „ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
so a perfect place to build a radio telescope.
144
411280
2720
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:54
Now, the telescope that I've been working on for a few years
145
414880
2856
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ค„์˜จ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์€
06:57
is called the Murchison Widefield Array,
146
417760
1936
๋จธ์น˜์Šจ ๊ด‘์‹œ์•ผ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
and I'm going to show you a little time lapse of it being built.
147
419720
3016
๊ฑด์„ค ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
07:02
This is a group of undergraduate and postgraduate students
148
422760
3256
์ด๋“ค์€ ํผ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ•™๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:06
located in Perth.
149
426040
1256
07:07
We call them the Student Army,
150
427320
1736
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•™์ƒ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์„œ ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
and they volunteered their time to build a radio telescope.
151
429080
2816
07:11
There's no course credit for this.
152
431920
1640
ํ•™์ ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:14
And they're putting together these radio dipoles.
153
434320
2896
์ด๊ฑด ์ „ํŒŒ ์Œ๊ทน์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
They just receive at low frequencies, a bit like your FM radio or your TV.
154
437240
4960
์ด ์Œ๊ทน์ž๋“ค์€ FM๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋‚˜ TV์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํผํŠธ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
And here we are deploying them across the desert.
155
443000
3096
ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์„œ๋ถ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์€
07:26
The final telescope covers 10 square kilometers
156
446120
2416
07:28
of the Western Australian desert.
157
448560
2136
10ํ‰๋ฐฉ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
And the interesting thing is, there's no moving parts.
158
450720
2976
์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ด๋™์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:33
We just deploy these little antennas
159
453720
2256
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋“ค์„
๋‹ญ์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ๋ง ์œ„์— ํŽ„์ณ ๋†“์•˜์ฃ .
07:36
essentially on chicken mesh.
160
456000
1856
07:37
It's fairly cheap.
161
457880
1416
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ €๋ ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
Cables take the signals
162
459320
1976
์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
from the antennas
163
461320
2056
07:43
and bring them to central processing units.
164
463400
2536
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์•™ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃ .
07:45
And it's the size of this telescope,
165
465960
1776
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
the fact that we've built it over the entire desert
166
467760
2656
์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ด๊ฑธ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:50
that gives us a better resolution than Parkes.
167
470440
2800
ํŒ์Šค ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ํ™”์งˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Now, eventually all those cables bring them to a unit
168
473880
3536
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
07:57
which sends it off to a supercomputer here in Perth,
169
477440
3536
ํผ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์†๋œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
08:01
and that's where I come in.
170
481000
1286
08:03
(Sighs)
171
483320
1216
(ํ•œ์ˆจ)
08:04
Radio data.
172
484560
1216
์ „ํŒŒ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ง์”€์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:05
I have spent the last five years
173
485800
1816
์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
08:07
working with very difficult, very interesting data
174
487640
2856
์ •๋ง ๋‚œํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
that no one had really looked at before.
175
490520
1976
์ด์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:12
I've spent a long time calibrating it,
176
492520
2136
์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:14
running millions of CPU hours on supercomputers
177
494680
3896
์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•ด์„œ
08:18
and really trying to understand that data.
178
498600
2200
๊ทธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
And with this telescope,
179
501360
1936
์ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๊ณผ
08:23
with this data,
180
503320
1256
์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
08:24
we've performed a survey of the entire southern sky,
181
504600
3936
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA Survey,
182
508560
5096
์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์™€ ์€ํ•˜์™ธ์ธก ์ฒœ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋จธ์น˜์Šจ ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ๊ด€์ธก์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:33
or GLEAM, as I call it.
183
513680
1880
์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๊ธ€๋ฆผ(GLEAM)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
And I'm very excited.
184
516440
1456
์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:37
This survey is just about to be published, but it hasn't been shown yet,
185
517920
3381
์ด ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
so you are literally the first people
186
521325
1931
์ฆ‰ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ
08:43
to see this southern survey of the entire sky.
187
523280
2800
๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ์ฒœ์ฒด ๊ด€์ธก ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:46
So I'm delighted to share with you some images from this survey.
188
526799
3321
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Now, imagine you went to the Murchison,
189
530880
1895
์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋จธ์น˜์Šจ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:52
you camped out underneath the stars
190
532799
2096
๋ณ„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ 
08:54
and you looked towards the south.
191
534919
1617
๋‚จ์ชฝ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:56
You saw the south's celestial pole,
192
536560
1667
์ฒœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚จ๊ทน์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
08:58
the galaxy rising.
193
538251
1205
์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋„ค์š”.
08:59
If I fade in the radio light,
194
539480
2616
์ „ํŒŒ ๋น›์ด ์ ์  ๋˜๋ ทํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒœ์ฒด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
this is what we observe with our survey.
195
542120
2656
09:04
You can see that the galactic plane is no longer dark with dust.
196
544800
3056
๋จผ์ง€ ์„ฑ์šด์ด ๊ฑทํ˜€์ง„ ์€ํ•˜๋ฉด์ด์ฃ .
09:07
It's alight with synchrotron radiation,
197
547880
2416
์‹ฑํฌ๋กœํŠธ๋ก  ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ด‘์˜ ๋น›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
and thousands of dots are in the sky.
198
550320
2496
ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
09:12
Our large Magellanic Cloud, our nearest galactic neighbor,
199
552840
3296
๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€ ์„ฑ์šด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์ฃ .
์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ํฌ๊ณ  ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
is orange instead of its more familiar blue-white.
200
556160
3216
09:19
So there's a lot going on in this. Let's take a closer look.
201
559400
3376
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
09:22
If we look back towards the galactic center,
202
562800
2416
์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
09:25
where we originally saw the Parkes image that I showed you earlier,
203
565240
3216
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊นŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ํŒ์Šค๋ง์›๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
09:28
low resolution, black and white,
204
568480
2376
ํ™”์งˆ์ด ๋‚˜์˜๊ณ  ํ‘๋ฐฑ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:30
and we fade to the GLEAM view,
205
570880
2080
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ธ€๋ฆผ ๋ทฐ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด
09:34
you can see the resolution has gone up by a factor of a hundred.
206
574200
3856
100๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํ™”์งˆ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด ์ œ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋„ค์š”.
09:38
We now have a color view of the sky,
207
578080
2856
09:40
a technicolor view.
208
580960
1336
์ด์ฒœ์—ฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด์ฃ .
09:42
Now, it's not a false color view.
209
582320
2976
์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€์งœ ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
These are real radio colors.
210
585320
2400
์‹ค์ œ ์ „ํŒŒ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด์—์š”.
09:48
What I've done is I've colored the lowest frequencies red
211
588600
2816
์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฑด ๋นจ๊ฐ•์ด๊ณ 
09:51
and the highest frequencies blue,
212
591440
1616
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ฑด ํŒŒ๋ž‘.
์ค‘๊ฐ„์€ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์ด์—์š”.
09:53
and the middle ones green.
213
593080
1576
09:54
And that gives us this rainbow view.
214
594680
2216
๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋‹ˆ ๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐœ ๋น›์ด๋„ค์š”.
09:56
And this isn't just false color.
215
596920
2256
์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์ƒ‰์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
09:59
The colors in this image tell us about the physical processes
216
599200
2936
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
going on in the universe.
217
602160
1240
10:03
So for instance, if you look along the plane of the galaxy,
218
603974
2762
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:06
it's alight with synchrotron,
219
606760
1456
์‹ฑํฌ๋กœํŠธ๋ก  ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ด‘ ๋น›์ด
10:08
which is mostly reddish orange,
220
608240
2376
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถ‰์€ ๋น›์„ ๋ ๋Š” ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰์ด์—์š”.
10:10
but if we look very closely, we see little blue dots.
221
610640
3120
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:14
Now, if we zoom in,
222
614320
1576
์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:15
these blue dots are ionized plasma
223
615920
2536
์ด ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์ ๋“ค์€ ์ด์˜จํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:18
around very bright stars,
224
618480
1640
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:20
and what happens is that they block the red light,
225
620680
2776
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋น›์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:23
so they appear blue.
226
623480
1640
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
10:25
And these can tell us about these star-forming regions
227
625880
2936
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณ„์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:28
in our galaxy.
228
628840
1256
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:30
And we just see them immediately.
229
630120
1616
10:31
We look at the galaxy, and the color tells us that they're there.
230
631760
3056
์€ํ•˜์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
You can see little soap bubbles,
231
634840
1576
์ž‘์€ ๋น„๋ˆ„๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
10:36
little circular images around the galactic plane,
232
636440
3416
์ž‘์€ ์›ํ˜• ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:39
and these are supernova remnants.
233
639880
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ์ž”ํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
When a star explodes,
234
642600
1696
๋ณ„์ด ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:44
its outer shell is cast off
235
644320
2456
๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ๋ฝ๋˜์–ด
10:46
and it travels outward into space gathering up material,
236
646800
3296
์šฐ์ฃผ ์†์„ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์„œ๋กœ ๋ญ‰์น˜๊ณ 
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์€ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์ฃ .
10:50
and it produces a little shell.
237
650120
1960
10:52
It's been a long-standing mystery to astronomers
238
652800
3376
์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ์ž”ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ•™์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
10:56
where all the supernova remnants are.
239
656200
2080
์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
We know that there must be a lot of high-energy electrons in the plane
240
658960
4336
์€ํ•˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹ฑํฌ๋กœํŠธ๋ก  ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ด‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
11:03
to produce the synchrotron radiation that we see,
241
663320
2656
์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ์ž”ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:06
and we think they're produced by supernova remnants,
242
666000
2576
11:08
but there don't seem to be enough.
243
668600
1776
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
11:10
Fortunately, GLEAM is really, really good at detecting supernova remnants,
244
670400
3896
๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ๊ธ€๋ฆผ(GLEAM)์€ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
so we're hoping to have a new paper out on that soon.
245
674320
2480
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:17
Now, that's fine.
246
677800
1256
๋„ค, ์ข‹์•„์š”.
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๋งŒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:19
We've explored our little local universe,
247
679080
2336
11:21
but I wanted to go deeper, I wanted to go further.
248
681440
2376
์ „ ์ข€ ๋” ๊นŠ๊ณ  ๋จผ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
I wanted to go beyond the Milky Way.
249
683840
2080
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:26
Well, as it happens, we can see a very interesting object in the top right,
250
686520
3776
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:30
and this is a local radio galaxy,
251
690320
2216
๊ตญ๋ถ€ ์ „ํŒŒ ์€ํ•˜์ธ ์„ผํƒ€์šฐ๋ฃจ์Šค A ์€ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
Centaurus A.
252
692560
1240
11:34
If we zoom in on this,
253
694240
1256
ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
11:35
we can see that there are two huge plumes going out into space.
254
695520
3400
๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
And if you look right in the center between those two plumes,
255
699600
2896
๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
11:42
you'll see a galaxy just like our own.
256
702520
2376
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:44
It's a spiral. It has a dust lane.
257
704920
2456
๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ณ  ๋จผ์ง€ ํ†ต๋กœ๋กœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
It's a normal galaxy.
258
707400
1616
๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์€ํ•˜์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์ถœ์€ ์˜ค์ง ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
But these jets are only visible in the radio.
259
709040
3616
11:52
If we looked in the visible, we wouldn't even know they were there,
260
712680
3176
๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:55
and they're thousands of times larger than the host galaxy.
261
715880
3040
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์€ํ•˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
What's going on? What's producing these jets?
262
719480
2400
์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์ถœ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
๋ชจ๋“  ์€ํ•˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ”
12:03
At the center of every galaxy that we know about
263
723160
3536
12:06
is a supermassive black hole.
264
726720
2256
์ดˆ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:09
Now, black holes are invisible. That's why they're called that.
265
729000
3416
12:12
All you can see is the deflection of the light around them,
266
732440
3016
๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์˜ค์ง ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๊ตด์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋น›๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
and occasionally, when a star or a cloud of gas comes into their orbit,
267
735480
4296
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ณ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์ด ๊ถค๋„๋กœ ๋นจ๋ ค ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
it is ripped apart by tidal forces,
268
739800
2736
๊ธฐ์กฐ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฐข๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด
12:22
forming what we call an accretion disk.
269
742560
2480
์‘์ถ•์›๋ฐ˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
The accretion disk glows brightly in the x-rays,
270
745640
3216
์ด ์‘์ถ•์›๋ฐ˜์€ ๋ฐ์€ X์„ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ 
12:28
and huge magnetic fields can launch the material into space
271
748880
4416
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
at nearly the speed of light.
272
753320
1720
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:35
So these jets are visible in the radio
273
755520
3160
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
and this is what we pick up in our survey.
274
759240
2160
์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
์ž, ์ „ํŒŒ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ .
12:42
Well, very well, so we've seen one radio galaxy. That's nice.
275
762040
4016
๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์œ„์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
12:46
But if you just look at the top of that image,
276
766080
2176
12:48
you'll see another radio galaxy.
277
768280
1736
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „ํŒŒ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ข€ ์ž‘์€๋ฐ, ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:50
It's a little bit smaller, and that's just because it's further away.
278
770040
3240
12:53
OK. Two radio galaxies.
279
773800
2656
๋„ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
We can see this. This is fine.
280
776480
1576
์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ ?
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๋“ค์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
12:58
Well, what about all the other dots?
281
778080
1736
12:59
Presumably those are just stars.
282
779840
1560
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
13:01
They're not.
283
781880
1216
์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „ํŒŒ ์€ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
They're all radio galaxies.
284
783120
1600
13:05
Every single one of the dots in this image
285
785320
2896
์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์  ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
13:08
is a distant galaxy,
286
788240
1736
๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์€ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
13:10
millions to billions of light-years away
287
790000
2856
13:12
with a supermassive black hole at its center
288
792880
2616
์ดˆ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋‘๊ณ 
13:15
pushing material into space at nearly the speed of light.
289
795520
3576
๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
It is mind-blowing.
290
799120
1760
13:21
And this survey is even larger than what I've shown here.
291
801680
3736
์ด ๊ด€์ธก ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ๋ฐ์š”.
13:25
If we zoom out to the full extent of the survey,
292
805440
2536
๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ถ•์†Œํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
30๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
you can see I found 300,000 of these radio galaxies.
293
808000
4096
์ •๋ง ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์ด์ฃ .
13:32
So it's truly an epic journey.
294
812120
2896
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์€ํ•˜๋“ค์€
13:35
We've discovered all of these galaxies
295
815040
2656
13:37
right back to the very first supermassive black holes.
296
817720
3560
๋‹ค์‹œ ์ดˆ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
I'm very proud of this, and it will be published next week.
297
821960
2780
์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—์š”.
13:45
Now, that's not all.
298
825280
2816
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ•ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:48
I've explored the furthest reaches of the galaxy with this survey,
299
828120
4336
13:52
but there's something even more in this image.
300
832480
2960
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:56
Now, I'll take you right back to the dawn of time.
301
836320
3296
์ž, ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ„์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
13:59
When the universe formed, it was a big bang,
302
839640
3656
์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ๋•Œ ํฐ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
which left the universe as a sea of hydrogen,
303
843320
4056
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:07
neutral hydrogen.
304
847400
1496
์ค‘์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
And when the very first stars and galaxies switched on,
305
848920
2776
์ตœ์กฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
14:11
they ionized that hydrogen.
306
851720
2096
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์˜จํ™”์‹œ์ผœ
14:13
So the universe went from neutral to ionized.
307
853840
3440
์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ด์˜จํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ๋‘์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:18
That imprinted a signal all around us.
308
858160
3176
14:21
Everywhere, it pervades us,
309
861360
1736
์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ค‘๋ ฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
14:23
like the Force.
310
863120
1416
14:24
Now, because that happened so long ago,
311
864560
3720
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์ด ์ ์ƒ‰์ด๋™์„ ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
14:29
the signal was redshifted,
312
869000
1800
14:31
so now that signal is at very low frequencies.
313
871560
3296
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
It's at the same frequency as my survey,
314
874880
2456
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
14:37
but it's so faint.
315
877360
1376
์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๋ฏธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:38
It's a billionth the size of any of the objects in my survey.
316
878760
3880
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” 10์–ต ๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ •๋„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:43
So our telescope may not be quite sensitive enough to pick up this signal.
317
883320
4896
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
However, there's a new radio telescope.
318
888240
2496
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
14:50
So I can't have a starship,
319
890760
1656
์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
14:52
but I can hopefully have
320
892440
1256
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:53
one of the biggest radio telescopes in the world.
321
893720
2856
14:56
We're building the Square Kilometre Array, a new radio telescope,
322
896600
3616
์ง€๊ธˆ ์Šคํ€˜์–ด ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์–ด๋ž˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฑด์„ค ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.
15:00
and it's going to be a thousand times bigger than the MWA,
323
900240
2736
๋จธ์น˜์Šจ ์™€์ผ๋“œํ•„๋“œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ํฐ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด์ฃ .
๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”์งˆ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
a thousand times more sensitive, and have an even better resolution.
324
903000
3216
15:06
So we should find tens of millions of galaxies.
325
906240
2216
์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:08
And perhaps, deep in that signal,
326
908480
2336
๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:10
I will get to look upon the very first stars and galaxies switching on,
327
910840
4176
์ตœ์ดˆ์— ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ 
์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
the beginning of time itself.
328
915040
2360
15:17
Thank you.
329
917920
1216
๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:19
(Applause)
330
919160
2760
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7