Clara Sousa-Silva: The fingerprints of life beyond Earth | TED

92,162 views ・ 2021-09-03

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Yeji Lim κ²€ν† : JY Kang
μ €λŠ” 외계인을 μ°ΎλŠ” 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§μž‘ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” λŒ€λ‘œ
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 외계인 μƒκ°μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μž‘μ€ μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰ 여인듀이 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜
00:12
It's my job to find aliens, so as you might guess,
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μΆœκ·Όν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ μƒμƒν•˜κ³€ ν•˜μ£ .
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ 외계인 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€λ„ λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ—μ„œ 우리λ₯Ό 찾을 κ±°λΌλŠ” 생각이 λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
I spent a lot of time thinking about them,
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00:18
imagining little green women
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00:20
meeting up with their friends, commuting to work.
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λ§Œμ•½ 이 외계인 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ§€λ‚œ 세기에 우리 μͺ½μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
00:23
And that gets me thinking about alien astronomers
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κ³Όν•™ 기술의 λšœλ ·ν•œ 징후λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  정말 듀떴을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
00:26
trying to find us in their night sky.
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00:29
If these alien astronomers had looked in our direction
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 우리 λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ 징후가 있기 전인 1만 λ…„ 전에 κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
00:32
in the last century,
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00:34
they would have been really excited to detect unequivocal signs of technology.
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μ‹€λ§ν•œ μ±„λ‘œ μ–΄κΉ¨λ₯Ό μœΌμ“±κ±°λ¦¬κ³  λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°μ„œ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‹€λ…”μ„κΉŒμš”?
00:39
But what if they looked ten thousand years ago,
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아닐 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”. μš°λ¦¬λ„ κ·Έλž˜μ„  μ•ˆ 되죠.
00:42
before we showed signs of civilization?
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— 생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 징후듀을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
00:44
Would they shrug in disappointment and go look elsewhere for life?
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, κ·Έ 외계인 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 1만 λ…„ 전에 우리 μͺ½μ„ λ΄€λ‹€λ©΄
00:48
No, and neither should we.
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00:51
Instead, we can look for other signs of life.
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λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ 징후가 μ—†λ‹€κ³  해도
00:54
For example, if those alien astronomers had looked our way 10,000 years ago,
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λ­”κ°€ 쑰금 νŠΉμ΄ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦΄ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ¨Όμ €, μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² 두텁고 μ˜¨ν™”ν•œ λŒ€κΈ°κ°€ 있죠.
00:59
they might notice that even without signs of civilization,
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더 μ£Όλͺ©ν•  λ§Œν•œ 점은
01:03
we still looked slightly unusual.
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우리 λŒ€κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ μ˜μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ¬μšΈ 만큼 λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
For one, we have a thick and temperate atmosphere,
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이건 제 λ™λ£Œ 외계인듀에겐 희망적인 생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ 징후가 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:10
but more notably,
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01:11
we have suspiciously large amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 지ꡬ λŒ€κΈ°μ˜ ꡬ성 성뢄은
였직 생물학적 μˆœν™˜μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:16
This would be a really encouraging sign of life for my alien colleagues
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그럼 외계 생λͺ…체도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:20
because the composition of the Earth's atmosphere
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μ €λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ–‘μž μ²œμ²΄ν™”ν•™μžμΈ μ €λŠ”
01:23
can only sustain itself through a biological cycle.
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μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ λΆ„μžμ™€ λΉ› μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ–‘μž μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
So can we do the same to them?
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01:29
I'm certainly trying.
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01:31
I am a quantum astrochemist,
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이런 λΆ„μžλ‚˜ λΆ„μžκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 행성을 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³Ό μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ–΄μš”.
01:33
which means I study the quantum interactions
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01:35
between molecules and light in space.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•­μ„±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 빛이 외계 ν–‰μ„±μ˜ λŒ€κΈ°λ₯Ό 톡과할 λ•Œ
λŒ€κΈ° μ•ˆμ˜ 각 λΆ„μžλŠ” κ·Έ λΉ› μ•ˆμ— νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 지문과도 같은 것을 남기죠.
01:40
We can't see these molecules or even the planets they're on.
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01:43
But when life from a star goes through an alien atmosphere,
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그건 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그럼 μ €λŠ” 생λͺ…체와 연관될 수 μžˆλŠ” λΆ„μžλ“€μ˜ 지문을 μ°Ύκ±°λ‚˜
01:47
each molecule within it leaves a unique fingerprint
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01:50
in the starlight that I can see from here.
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λ³΅ν•©μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ‚°μ†Œ 같은 생물학적 징후듀을 μ°Ύκ³€ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
And I look for the fingerprints
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01:55
of molecules that could be associated with life,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ κ²½μš°μ— λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 생물학적 μ§•ν›„λŠ” μ‚°μ†Œμ§€λ§Œ
01:58
or biosignatures,
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01:59
like complex pollutants or oxygen.
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μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ§€κΈˆκ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ νƒœμ–‘ λ³΅μ‚¬μ—΄μ΄λ‚˜
02:04
In the context of Earth, oxygen is a wonderful biosignature,
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폭발적인 μ˜¨μ‹€ 효과둜 인해 바닷물이 μ¦λ°œν•œλ‹€λ©΄
02:09
but oxygen is not that hard to make.
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02:11
So, for example, if our sun had different levels of radiation
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생λͺ… ν™œλ™ 없이도 λŒ€κΈ° μ•ˆμ— λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ μ‚°μ†Œκ°€
02:15
or if our oceans were evaporating from a runaway greenhouse effect,
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좕적될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그러면 μ‚°μ†ŒλŠ” 생λͺ…체에 λŒ€ν•œ 거짓 양성이 λ˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:20
then large amounts of oxygen could accumulate in our atmosphere
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그럼 지ꡬ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ˜ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” 데 μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ 정닡이 아닐 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
02:23
without biology,
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02:25
and then oxygen would be a false positive for life.
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κ³Όμ—° 뭐가 μ •λ‹΅μΌκΉŒμš”?
제 μ „λ¬Έ λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ”
02:29
So maybe oxygen won't be the solution to finding life beyond Earth,
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생λͺ…체에 λŒ€ν•œ 거짓 양성이 훨씬 적은 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ λΆ„μžλ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”.
02:34
but then what is?
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그런 λΆ„μžλ“€μ€ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ„œ
02:35
Well, my specialty is to look for unusual molecules
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μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ 거의 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ €λŠ” 그런 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ λΆ„μžλ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
that have fewer false positives for life
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02:42
because they're so difficult to make that they're rarely made spontaneously.
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μ œκ°€ μ•½ 10λ…„ 전에 μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:47
And my favorite of those unusual molecules is phosphine.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό 생물학적 μ§•ν›„λ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
02:52
When I first started working on phosphine about a decade ago,
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였히렀 이 λ”μ°ν•œ μ•…μ·¨λ₯Ό 가진 λΆ„μžλŠ”
02:56
people had a hard time thinking of it as a biosignature at all.
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생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ μ‚°μ†Œ μ‚¬μš© λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ§κ°€λœ¨λ €
03:00
Instead, it was known
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μ£½μŒμ— 이λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 데 효과적인 λΆ„μžλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
03:02
for being this horrific, foul-smelling molecule
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μ‚°μ†Œ λŒ€μ‚¬μ™€μ˜ 이런 치λͺ…적인 μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:05
that messes with life's ability to use oxygen,
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μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†ŒλŠ” μ‚΄μΆ©μ œλ‘œ 널리 μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³ 
03:08
making it a really effective killer.
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λ°”λ‘œ 같은 이유둜 μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„ ν™”ν•™μ „μ—μ„œ 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Because of this fatal interaction with oxygen metabolism,
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03:15
phosphine is used widely as a pesticide
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μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†ŒλŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
κ±°λŒ€ κ°€μŠ€ ν–‰μ„±μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” κ·Ήν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλ„ μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
and sadly for the same reason it was used many times in chemical warfare.
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λͺ©μ„±μ΄λ‚˜ ν† μ„±κ³Ό 같은 ν–‰μ„±μ΄μš”.
03:23
Phosphine can be made in the lab,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κ΅¬μ²˜λŸΌ λ°”μœ„κ°€ λ§Žμ€ ν–‰μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” μš°μ—°νžˆ μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” 일이 거의 μ—†μ£ .
03:26
and it's also produced in the extreme environments
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03:28
found inside gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λ¦¬λΌκ³ λŠ” κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
But on rocky planets like the Earth, it is rarely created accidentally.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ°œκ²¬ν•΄λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
지ꡬ 전체에 μ†ŒλŸ‰μ˜ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œκ°€ 발견되고
03:37
So we don't really expect to find phosphine on Earth at all.
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μ–΄λ–€ κ³³μ—μ„œλŠ” μœ λ‚œνžˆ λ§Žμ€ 양이 λ°œκ²¬λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
And yet we do.
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λŠͺ지와 λ…Ό, 호수 λ°”λ‹₯ 같은 κ³³μ΄λ‚˜
03:43
We find it in small amounts throughout the globe,
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03:46
and in some places in strangely large quantities,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ˜ λ°°μ„€λ¬Όκ³Ό λ‚΄μž₯μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
03:50
places like swamps and rice fields and lake beds
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이런 μƒνƒœκ³„λ“€μ˜ 곡톡점은
μ‚°μ†Œμ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μœ κΈ°μ²΄λ“€μ΄ μ„œμ‹ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:55
and the excrements and guts of most animals.
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μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œμ˜ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό 받지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
And what all of these ecosystems have in common
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사싀 μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†ŒλŠ” 이런 μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ
04:01
is that they all host organisms that are not reliant on oxygen,
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아무 문제 없이 ν™œλ°œν•˜κ²Œ μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
so phosphine can't hurt them.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λ³΄λ‹€ μ‚°μ†Œμ— 덜 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 생λͺ…체가 μžˆλŠ” ν–‰μ„±μ—λŠ”
04:08
Indeed, phosphine seems to be safely and enthusiastically produced
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04:12
in all of these oxygen-poor ecosystems.
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μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œκ°€ 맀우 일반적인 생물학적 μ§•ν›„λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
04:16
So I figured, maybe other planets with life less reliant on oxygen than ours
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그리고 μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 점이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
지ꡬ와 같은 암석 ν–‰μ„±μ—μ„œλŠ” μƒμ„±λ˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€ λ³΄λ‹ˆ
04:21
could also have phosphine, but as a really popular biosignature.
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생λͺ…체에 λŒ€ν•œ 거짓 양성이 거의 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
And here's the best thing about phosphine.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우리 μ€ν•˜ 근처의 ν–‰μ„±λ“€μ—μ„œ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:28
Because it's so hard to make on rocky planets like the Earth,
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μ–΄λ–€ 망원경이 ν•„μš”ν• μ§€ 생각해보기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:32
it has almost no false positives for life.
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발견만 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 그게 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•  거라고 μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
04:35
So I started considering what telescopes we would need
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04:39
to detect phosphine on planets in our galactic neighborhood.
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μ €λŠ” λ¨Έλ‚˜λ¨Ό 행성을 μƒμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
μ‚°μ†ŒλŠ” ν¬λ°•ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:42
Because if we did, I predicted it could only mean life.
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μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†ŒλŠ” ν’λΆ€ν•œ μ—΄λŒ€ 낙원 같은 행성을 μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” 찾을 거라 κΈ°λŒ€ν–ˆμ£ .
04:47
I was imagining a distant planet,
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04:49
a oxygen-poor tropical paradise
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €μ˜ 처음 μ˜ˆμƒλ³΄λ‹€ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†ŒλŠ” μ’€ 더 ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
with a phosphine-rich biosphere that we might one day be able to detect.
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이 일을 마치고 λͺ‡ 달 λ’€
04:58
But turns out phosphine was a little more exciting
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžμΈ 제인 κ·Έλ¦¬λΈŒμŠ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
μ—¬κΈ° ν°μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 망원경 μ‹ ν˜Έμ˜ 뢄석을 λ„μ™€λ‹¬λΌλŠ” 연락이 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
than I had initially envisaged
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05:03
because a few months after I finished this work
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그리고 λͺ‡ 달 λ’€μ—λŠ” μ£Όν™©μƒ‰μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
05:06
an astronomer, Jane Greaves, reached out to me
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그리 멀지 μ•Šμ€ 행성에 μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” λ“―ν–ˆμ£ .
05:09
asking for help with interpreting a telescope signal seen here in white.
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05:12
Then months later, another signal, seen here in orange,
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우리 λ°”λ‘œ 이웃인 κΈˆμ„±μ˜ κ΅¬λ¦„μ—μ„œμš”.
05:16
that seemed to indicate that phosphine might be present not on a distant planet,
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그럼 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄λ‚Έ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
지ꡬ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ˜ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό 찾은 κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
그건 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
but right next door, on the clouds of Venus.
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κΈˆμ„± 관츑은 μ‹ ν˜Έμ— μž‘μŒλ„ μžˆμ—ˆκ³  μ˜ˆλΉ„ κ΄€μΈ‘μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:25
So did we do it?
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05:26
Did we find life beyond Earth? We don't know.
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μ˜μ‹¬ν•  여지 μ—†λŠ” μ§„μ§œ μ‹ ν˜ΈμΈμ§€ 확인이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ§Œμ•½ μ§„μ§œλΌλ©΄,
05:31
These Venus observations were noisy and preliminary,
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μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œμ˜ 지문을 ν‰λ‚΄λ‚΄λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹˜μ„ 확인해야 ν•˜μ£ .
05:34
so we still need to confirm, without a doubt,
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그리고 이것이 λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†ŒλΌλ©΄
05:37
that the signal is real,
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05:38
and if it is, we need to make sure
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κ·Έκ±Έ 무엇이 ν˜Ήμ€ λˆ„κ°€ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
it's not another molecule mimicking phosphine's fingerprint.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 틀림없이 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ
05:45
And if it is unambiguously phosphine,
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κΈˆμ„± 같은 ν–‰μ„±μ—μ„œ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œμ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
we still need to figure out what or who is making it,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아닐 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:51
because maybe it's true
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05:52
that life is the best explanation for the presence of phosphine
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ νŠΉμ΄ν•˜κ³  생물학적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ
μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œκ°€ μƒμ„±λœ κ±Έ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
05:57
on a planet like Venus.
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μ–΄λŠ μͺ½μ΄λ“ , μ œκ°€ μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό μ—„μ²­ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κΈ΄ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:59
But maybe that's wrong
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06:00
and there's an exotic but not biological way of making phosphine
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그런 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό 찾게 λ˜μ§„ μ•Šκ² μ£ .
06:04
that no one has thought of yet.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λΆ„μžλ‘œλŠ” 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
Either way, as much as I love phosphine,
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아무리 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λΆ„μžλΌ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„μš”.
06:10
I don't think that's how we'll find life.
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 기체 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μƒλ¬ΌκΆŒ 전체λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
06:13
The detection of life will likely not come from a single molecule.
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06:16
No matter how special it is.
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β€œμš°λ¦¬ μ‚΄μ•„μžˆμ–΄μš”!β€λΌλŠ” λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆμ„ λ§ŒνΌμš”.
06:18
We'll have to detect a whole biosphere producing a complex network of gases
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κΈˆμ„±μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—μ„œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄ 생λͺ…체 발견 μ—¬λΆ€λŠ” λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
that together form a message that reads: β€œWe’re alive!”
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈˆμ„±μ€ μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ΄μ—μš”.
06:29
As the Venus story shows,
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μƒλ¬ΌκΆŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 이둠을 μ‹œν—˜ν•˜κ³  κ·Έκ±Έ μ„€λͺ…ν•  방법을 찾을 수 있죠.
06:31
the detection of life will likely be uncertain,
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κΈˆμ„±μ˜ λŒ€κΈ°μ™€ 그에 λ‹΄κΈ΄ 의미λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 법을 μ•Œκ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
06:34
but Venus is the perfect lab for us to test our theories of biospheres
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κΈˆμ„±μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈν•˜λŸ¬ κ°€μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§žμ•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 있겠죠.
06:39
and how to interpret them.
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06:41
If we learn to understand the atmosphere of Venus
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그리고 10λ…„ μ•ˆμ— μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  μ˜ˆμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
and the message it contains,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이번 말고도 λ‚˜μ€‘μ—
06:46
then we can find out if we got it right by going there and checking.
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인간이 κ±°μ£Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν–‰μ„±μ—μ„œ 생물학적 징후λ₯Ό 찾게 λ˜λ”λΌλ„
06:50
And we'll do that at the end of the decade.
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λ‹€μŒλ²ˆμ—λŠ” 직접 κ°€μ„œ μ•Œμ•„λ³Ό 수 없을지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
But this will not be the last time
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06:55
that we have the discovery of a biosignature
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ κ±±μ •ν•˜λŠ” 건
06:58
on a potentially habitable planet,
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우리 μ‹œλŒ€μ— κ±°μ£Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 행성을 찾지 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
and next time we won't be able to just go there and check.
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κ·Έλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 우리의 λΉ„μ‹Ό 망원경이
07:04
So my biggest concern
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생λͺ…체가 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν–‰μ„±μœΌλ‘œ λ˜‘λ°”λ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ©΄μ„œλ„
07:06
is not that we will fail to find a habitable planet in our lifetimes.
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생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ €λŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ•Œμ•„λ³Ό κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
My biggest concern is that we'll point our very expensive telescopes
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λ„€, μ œκ°€ 찾고자 ν•˜λŠ” 건
07:13
directly at an inhabited planet
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λ³΅ν•©μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆμ²˜λŸΌ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν”μΉ˜ μ•Šμ€ 기술의 μ§•ν›„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
and just not know we did it.
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07:18
But I am determined to not miss life.
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그리고 μ‚°μ†Œμ²˜λŸΌ 만쑱슀럽고 μ΅μˆ™ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
07:21
So, yes, I will look for the unambiguous but quite unlikely signs of technology
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생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ ν”μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜€ν•΄ν•  λ§Œν•œ 것듀도 μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
like complex pollutants.
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그리고 λ¬Όλ‘  μΈν™”μˆ˜μ†Œμ²˜λŸΌ
07:29
And I'll look for the pleasant and familiar
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ³  λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ 생물학적 징후듀도 계속 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Όμ£ .
07:32
but potentially misleading signs of life, like oxygen.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²°μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ, μƒλ¬ΌκΆŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 전체적인 그림을 κ·Έλ €λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”
07:36
And of course, I'll keep looking
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07:38
for the strange and scary biosignatures like phosphine.
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λͺ¨λ“  λΆ„μžλ“€μ„ 찾을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
07:41
But crucially, I will look for all the molecules
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–Έμ  κ°€ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 그게 생λͺ…μ²΄μž„μ„ μ•Œ 수 있게 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
that can together paint a holistic picture of a biosphere.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
All of this so that one day we'll know life when we see it.
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07:54
Thank you.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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