What a digital government looks like | Anna Piperal

166,704 views ・ 2020-01-28

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeonghyun Kim κ²€ν† : hansom Lee
μ•½ 30λ…„ μ „ μ―€,
00:13
Almost 30 years ago,
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00:14
my country was facing the need to rebuild everything from scratch.
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저희 λ‚˜λΌλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ μž¬κ±΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 상황에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
After years of Soviet occupation,
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μ†Œλ ¨μ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜,
00:21
Estonia regained its independence, but we were left with nothing.
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„λŠ” 독립을 μ΄λ€˜μ§€λ§Œ, 남은 게 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
00:25
No infrastructure, no administration, no legal code.
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기반 μ‹œμ„€λ„, 행정뢀도, 법 μ œλ„λ„ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Organizational chaos.
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무정뢀 μƒνƒœμ˜€μ£ .
00:32
Out of necessity,
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κ΅­κ°€ μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€
00:34
the state leaders back then had to make some daring choices.
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ν•„μš”μ— 따라 κ³Όκ°ν•œ 선택을 감행해야 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
The ones that our country could afford.
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λ‚˜λΌκ°€ 감당할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ„ μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
00:40
There was a lot of experimentation and uncertainty
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λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•œ 상황 μ†μ—μ„œ μ‹€ν—˜μ μΈ 선택듀도 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:42
but also a bit of luck involved,
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μš΄λ„ 살짝 λ”°λΌμ„œ,
00:44
particularly in the fact that we could count on a number
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μ €ν¬μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 특히 믿을 λ§Œν•œ
00:47
of brilliant visionaries,
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μ„ κ΅¬μ•ˆμ„ 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
00:49
cryptographers and engineers.
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μ•”ν˜Έ μ „λ¬Έκ°€, κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:52
I was just a kid back then.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ €λŠ” μ–΄λ¦° μ•„μ΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Today, we are called the most digital society on earth.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„λŠ” 지ꡬ상 κ°€μž₯ 디지털화 된 κ΅­κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
I'm from Estonia,
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μ „ μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„ μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
and we've been declaring taxes online since 2001.
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2001λ…„λΆ€ν„° 연말정산을 온라인으둜 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
We have been using digital identity and signature since 2002.
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2002λ…„λΆ€ν„°λŠ” 디지털 아이디와 μ„œλͺ…을 ν•˜κ³  있죠.
01:10
We've been voting online since 2005.
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2005λ…„λΆ€ν„°λŠ” νˆ¬ν‘œλ„ 온라인으둜 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
And for today, pretty much the whole range of the public services
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 곡곡 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό 온라인으둜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
that you can imagine:
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  것이죠.
01:18
education, police, justice, starting a company,
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ꡐ윑, κ²½μ°° 및 사법, νšŒμ‚¬ 섀립,
01:23
applying for benefits, looking at your health record
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볡지 μ‹ μ²­, μ§„λ£Œ 기둝 쑰회,
01:26
or challenging a parking ticket --
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μ£Όμ°¨ μœ„λ°˜ 딱지λ₯Ό λ”°μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒκΉŒμ§€
01:28
that's everything that is done online.
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λͺ¨λ‘ 온라인으둜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
In fact, it's much easier to tell you
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사싀, 온라인으둜 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
01:33
what are the three things we cannot yet do online.
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μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ μ„Έ 개λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 게 더 μ‰¬μšΈ 것 κ°™κ΅°μš”.
01:37
We have to show up to pick up our ID documents,
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신뢄증 수령, κ²°ν˜Όμ΄λ‚˜ 이혼,
01:40
get married or divorced,
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뢀동산 λ§€λ§€λŠ”
01:42
or sell real estate.
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직접 ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
That's pretty much it.
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이 정도죠.
01:48
So, that's why don't freak out
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
01:51
when I tell you that every year
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μ œκ°€ 맀년 연말정산을 κΈ°λ‹€λ¦°λ‹€κ³  해도
01:53
I can't wait to start doing my tax declaration.
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λ³„λ‘œ 놀라지 μ•ŠμœΌμ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:58
Because all I have to do
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연말정신이라고 ν•΄ 봀자
02:00
is sit on my couch with a mobile phone,
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νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ„ λ“€κ³  μ†ŒνŒŒμ— 앉아
02:03
swipe a few pages with prefilled data on income and deductions
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이미 μž…λ ₯λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ†Œλ“κ³Ό 곡제 내역을 ν™•μΈν•œ ν›„
02:07
and hit submit.
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μ™„λ£Œ λ²„νŠΌλ§Œ λˆ„λ₯΄λ©΄ λ˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:08
After three minutes,
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3λΆ„ 뒀에,
02:10
I'm looking at the tax return amount.
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ν™˜κΈ‰κΈˆμ„ 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
It actually feels like a quite rewarding experience.
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직접 ν•΄ 보면 κ½€ λΏŒλ“―ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
No tax advisors,
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세무사도 ν•„μš”μ—†κ³ 
02:19
no collecting receipts,
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μ˜μˆ˜μ¦μ„ λͺ¨μœΌκ±°λ‚˜
02:21
no doing the math.
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직접 계산할 ν•„μš”λ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
And have I mentioned that I have not visited a state office
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μ œκ°€ 7λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ •λΆ€ 청사에
02:27
for almost seven years?
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κ°„ 적이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ„€μš”.
02:30
Indeed, one of the features of the modern life
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사싀, ν˜„λŒ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ νŠΉμ§• 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ
02:34
that has no reason to exist anymore,
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기술 λ°œμ „μ„ κ³ λ €ν•΄ 보면
02:36
considering technological possibilities of today,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 미둜 같은 κ΄€λ£Œμ œλ„λŠ”
02:39
is the labyrinth of bureaucracy.
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더 이상 ν•„μš” 없을 지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
We've almost got rid of it completely in Estonia,
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œλŠ” κ΄€λ£Œμ‘°μ§μ„ 거의 μ—†μ•΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
in an effort coordinated by the government that has also digitized itself.
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μ •λΆ€ 슀슀둜 디지털화 ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯으둜.
02:48
For instance, cabinet of ministers' work in e-Cabinet is absolutely paperless.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 내각싀 μ—…λ¬΄λŠ” 였직 μ „μž 결재둜만 μ§„ν–‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
The central idea behind this development
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°œμ „μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬μ—λŠ”
02:58
is transformation of the state role
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κ΅­κ°€ μ—­ν• μ˜ μ „ν™˜κ³Ό
03:01
and digitalization of trust.
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μ‹ λ’°μ˜ 디지털화가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
Think about it.
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μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:06
In most countries, people don't trust their governments.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ, ꡭ민듀은 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
And the governments don't trust them back.
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정뢀도 κ΅­λ―Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό 주지 λͺ»ν•˜μ£ .
03:13
And all the complicated paper-based formal procedures
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λ¬Έμ„œλ‘œ 된 λͺ¨λ“  λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 곡식 μ ˆμ°¨λ“€μ΄
03:16
are supposed to solve that problem.
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이런 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄μ†Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‚˜μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Except that they don't.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•΄κ²°λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
They just make life more complicated.
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삢을 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ„ 뿐이죠.
03:24
I believe Estonian experience is showing that technology can be the remedy
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이런 기술 λ°œμ „μ„ κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆλ˜ μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
03:29
for getting the trust back,
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이것이 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μŒ“μ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 해결책이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
while creating an efficient,
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효율적이고,
03:32
user-centric service delivery system
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μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ μš”κ΅¬λ₯Ό 적극 λ°˜μ˜ν•œ
03:37
that actively responds to citizens' needs.
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μ‚¬μš©μž 기반 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨μš”.
03:41
We did not do it by digitizing bureaucracy as it is.
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κΈ°μ‘΄ μ •λΆ€ 쑰직 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œλ₯Ό 디지털화 ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
But by rather agreeing on a few strong, common principles,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ‡ 가지 ν™•κ³ ν•œ κ³΅ν†΅μ˜ 원칙은 λ™μ˜ν•œ μ±„λ‘œ,
03:50
redesigning rules and procedures,
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κ·œμΉ™κ³Ό 절차λ₯Ό μž¬μ •λ¦½ν•˜κ³ ,
03:52
getting rid of unnecessary data collection
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λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ 정보 μˆ˜μ§‘κ³Ό
03:55
and task duplication,
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μ€‘λ³΅λ˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ μ œκ±°ν•΄,
03:57
and becoming open and transparent.
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투λͺ…μ„±κ³Ό 곡정성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Let me give you a glimpse
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„ μ „μž μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 원칙
04:02
into some of the key e-Estonia design principles today.
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λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€λ§Œ 살짝 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
First, it is essential to guarantee privacy and confidentiality
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μš°μ„ , 개인 정보에 λŒ€ν•œ
04:12
of data and information.
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κΈ°λ°€μœ μ§€κ°€ 보μž₯λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
This is achieved through a strong digital identity
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어디에든 ν˜Έν™˜μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
04:18
that is issued by the state
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μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ°œν–‰ν•œ 디지털 μ‹ λΆ„μ¦μœΌλ‘œ
04:20
and compatible with everything.
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이건 해결될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
In fact, every Estonian has one.
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„ ꡭ민이라면 λͺ¨λ‘ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
The identity is doubled with a strong digital signature
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이 신뢄증은 μ „μž μ„œλͺ…μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ•ˆμ„ κ°•ν™”ν•΄
04:30
that is accepted, used and legally binding
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ™€ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© λ‘˜ λ‹€μ—μ„œ
04:34
both in Estonia and the European Union.
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법적 효λ ₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
When the system can properly and securely identify who is using it,
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•΄ μ‹ λΆ„μ¦μ˜ 주인을 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 보증해 μ€€λ‹€λ©΄,
04:44
after logging in, it will provide access to the personal data of the citizen
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λ‘œκ·ΈμΈμ„ ν•˜λ©΄, κ·Έ μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ 개인 정보에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 있고
04:49
and all the public services within one tool,
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 툴둜 λͺ¨λ“  곡곡 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•  수 있으며,
04:52
and allow to authorize anything by signing digitally.
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μ „μžλ‘œ μ„œλͺ…ν•œ 것이 무엇이든 그건 법적 효λ ₯을 κ°–κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
A second principle, and one of the most transformative,
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κ°€μž₯ ν˜μ‹ μ μ΄λΌ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 두 번째 원칙은
05:02
is called "Once only."
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"μ›μŠ€ 온리(λ”± ν•œ 번)"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
It means that the state cannot ask for the same data
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μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ™μΌν•œ 정보λ₯Ό ν•œ 번 이상 μš”μ²­ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
05:09
more than once,
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ν•œ κ³³ 이상에 μ €μž₯ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ”
05:11
nor can store it in more than one place.
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μ›μΉ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
For instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
05:16
if you've already provided your birth or marital certificate
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μΆœμƒ 증λͺ…μ„œλ‚˜ 혼인 μ‹ κ³ μ„œλ₯Ό
05:19
to the population registry,
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μ£Όλ―Ό 등둝할 λ•Œ 이미 제좜 ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
05:21
this is the only place where this data is going to be held.
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λ“±λ‘ν•œ κ³³μ—μ„œλ§Œ 이 정보λ₯Ό 보관할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
And no other institution will be ever asking for it again.
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κ·Έ μ™Έμ˜ κΈ°κ΄€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ κ·Έ 정보λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μš”μ²­ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
Once only is a very powerful rule,
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μ›μŠ€ μ˜¨λ¦¬λŠ” κ½€ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ κ·œμΉ™μ΄μ–΄μ„œ,
05:32
as it defines the whole structure of the data collection in a country,
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κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ 정보λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•  λ•Œμ˜ 전체적인 원칙을 μ œμ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
what information is collected
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μ–΄λ–€ 정보λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
05:38
and who is responsible for maintaining it,
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κ·Έκ±Έ 관리해야 ν•  μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λˆ„κ΅¬μΈμ§€,
05:41
making sure we avoid centralization of data,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ €ν¬λŠ” μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ€‘μ•™μ§‘κΆŒν™”λ₯Ό 막고
05:44
duplication of data,
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μ •λ³΄μ˜ 쀑볡을 ν”Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
and guarantee that it's actually up to date.
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λ˜ν•œ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 정보가 μ—…λ°μ΄νŠΈ 되죠.
05:50
This distributed approach also avoids the problem
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λΆ„μ‚°μ‹œν‚€λ©΄
05:54
of the single point of failure.
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단일화λ₯Ό ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” μ‹€νŒ¨λ„ μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
But since the data cannot be replicated,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 정보λ₯Ό λ³΅μ œν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
06:00
or collected more than once,
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쀑볡 μˆ˜μ§‘μ„ ν•  수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
06:02
it means that the design has to keep in mind
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섀계λ₯Ό ν•  λ•Œ
06:05
secure and robust access to that information at all times,
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ κ·Έ 정보에 항상 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄
06:08
so the public institution can offer a service.
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곡곡기관이 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
06:13
This is exactly the role of the data exchange platform
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2001λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
"X-λ‘œλ“œ"λΌλŠ” 데이터 κ΅ν™˜ ν”Œλž«νΌμ΄
06:17
called the X-Road
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06:19
that has been in use since 2001.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이런 κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
Just like a highway,
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κ³ μ†λ„λ‘œμ²˜λŸΌ
06:25
it connects public sector databases and registries,
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곡곡기관 λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€μ™€ λ“±κΈ°μ†Œ,
06:29
local municipalities and businesses,
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지방정뢀와 기업체듀을 μ—°κ²°ν•΄,
06:31
organizing a real-time, secure and regulated data exchange,
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μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ 정보λ₯Ό κ΅ν™˜ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν†΅μ œ,
06:37
saving an auditable trace after each move.
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각각의 흐름을 κ°μ‹œν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‹¨μΆ•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
Here's a screenshot of a live feed
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μ§€κΈˆ λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 화면은
X-λ‘œλ“œκ°€ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μš”μ²­μ„ μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ 보여주며
06:46
showing all the requests performed on the X-Road
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06:49
and all the services that it actually facilitates.
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그것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 말해주고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
And this is the real picture
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그리고 이건 μ‹€μ œ μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
of all the connections between public and private sector databases.
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곡곡뢀문과 λ―Όκ°„ 뢀문이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—°κ²° λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ”.
07:01
As you can see,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό,
07:02
there is no central database whatsoever.
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쀑앙 λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€λŠ” μ „ν˜€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
Confidentiality and privacy are definitely very important.
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정보 λ³΄μ•ˆκ³Ό μ‚¬μƒν™œμ€ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
But in the digital world,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ””μ§€ν„Έν™”λœ μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ
07:11
reliability and integrity of information
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μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ‹ λ’°μ„±κ³Ό 진싀성도
07:14
is just critical for operations.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
For instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
07:18
if someone changes your medical health record,
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μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μžˆλŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜ μ§„λ£Œ 기둝을
07:21
let's say allergies,
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ν™˜μžλ‚˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ
07:23
without you or your doctor knowing,
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λ³€κ²½ν•˜λ©΄
07:25
treatment could be deadly.
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μΉ˜λ£Œμ— 치λͺ…적일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
That's why in a digital society, a system like an Estonian one,
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이런 이유둜, μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ²˜λŸΌ 디지털화 된 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œλŠ”
07:32
when there's almost no paper originals,
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λ¬Έμ„œλ‘œ 된 원본 μžλ£Œκ°€ μ—†κ³ ,
07:35
there's almost only digital originals,
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디지털화 된 자료만 μžˆμ„ 땐,
07:38
integrity of data,
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λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 진싀성과
07:41
data exchange rules, software components
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정보 κ΅ν™˜ κ·œμΉ™, μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ ꡬ성,
07:43
and log files is paramount.
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둜그 파일이 ꡉμž₯히 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
We use a form of blockchain that we invented back in 2007,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 2007년에 블둝체인을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
way before blockchain even became a thing,
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블둝체인지 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ§€κΈ° μ „μ—μš”.
07:56
to check and guarantee the integrity of data in real time.
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μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 진싀성을 ν™•μΈν•˜λ €κ³ μš”.
08:01
Blockchain is our auditor
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블둝체인은 κ°μ‚¬κ΄€μ΄μž
08:03
and a promise that no access to the data
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데이터에 κ·Έ 무엇도 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
08:07
or data manipulation remains unrecorded.
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데이터λ₯Ό μ‘°μž‘ν•΄ κΈ°λ‘λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
Data ownership is another key principle in the design of the system.
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데이터 μ €μž‘κΆŒμ€ 이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μ£Όμš”ν•œ 원칙 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
Aren't you worried by the fact that governments, tech companies
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μ •λΆ€λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ ITκΈ°μ—…λ“€,
08:24
and other businesses around the world
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ν˜Ήμ€ 전세계에 μžˆλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 기업듀이
08:26
claim data they've collected about you is theirs,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•΄ 놓고
08:29
generally refuse to give access to that information,
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κ·Έ 정보λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
08:33
and often fail to prove how it was used
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κ·Έ 정보가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ“°μ΄λŠ”μ§€λ„ 말해쀄 수 μ—†κ³ 
08:37
or shared with third parties?
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제 3μžμ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ œκ³΅λ˜λŠ”μ§€λ„ 확인해쀄 수 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄μš”?
08:40
I don't know, for me it seems like a quite disturbing situation.
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μ €λŠ” κ½€ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 상황이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
The Estonian system is based on the principle
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€
08:49
that an individual is the owner of the data collected about him,
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정보 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€μƒ 된 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 정보에 λŒ€ν•œ μ €μž‘κΆŒκ³Ό
08:54
thus has an absolute right to know what information is collected
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κ·Έ 정보가 무엇이고
λˆ„κ°€ μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μ ˆλŒ€μ μΈ ꢌ리λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:59
and who has been accessing it.
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09:02
Every time a policeman, a doctor or any state officer
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κ²½μ°°μ΄λ‚˜, μ˜μ‚¬, 곡무원 ν•  것 없이
09:06
is accessing personal information of the citizens online,
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μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ 개인 정보λ₯Ό 온라인으둜 μ‘°νšŒν•˜λ €λ©΄
09:09
first they only get to access it after logging in
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λ¨Όμ € κ·Έ 정보에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ‘œκ·ΈμΈμ„ ν•œ λ‹€μŒ
09:14
to the information they're authorized to see to do their job.
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κ·Έ 정보에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ€˜μ•Όλ§Œ 일을 ν•  수 있죠.
09:17
And secondly, every time they're making requests,
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두 번째둜, 정보 μ ‘κ·Ό μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆμ„ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
09:21
this is saved in a log file.
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둜그 νŒŒμΌμ— μ €μž₯λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
This detailed log file is part of the state public services
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μ—¬κΈ° 둜그 파일의 μ„Έμ„Έν•œ λ‚΄μš©λ“€μ€ κ΅­κ°€ 곡곡 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ μΌλΆ€λ‘œ
09:31
and allows real transparency,
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투λͺ…성을 보μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
making sure no privacy violation will remain unnoticed to the citizen.
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μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆ μ‚¬μƒν™œ μΉ¨ν•΄λ₯Ό λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 일이 μ—†λ„λ‘μš”.
09:40
Now, of course, this is only a simplified summary
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 이건 μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ μ „μž μ •λΆ€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„
09:43
of all the design principles that e-Estonia is built on.
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μ•„μ£Ό κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ μ„€λͺ…ν•œ 것에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
And now, government is building up
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ν˜„μž¬, μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„ μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œλŠ”
09:53
to get ready for use of artificial intelligence
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인곡지λŠ₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ 곡곡 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
and building a whole new generation of public services --
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10:01
proactive services
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λŠ₯동적인 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€
10:02
that would activate seamlessly
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ²˜ν•œ 상황에 따라
10:04
based on different life situations that people might be in,
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μœ μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 그런 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ£ λ‘œ
10:08
such as childbirth, unemployment or starting a business.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ μΆœμ‚°μ΄λ‚˜ μ‹€μ—… ν˜Ήμ€ 창업같은 것이죠.
10:15
Now, of course,
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λ¬Όλ‘ ,
10:16
running a digital society with no paper backup
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쒅이 λ¬Έμ„œλ‘œ 된 백업이 없이 디지털 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 건
10:19
can be an issue, right?
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 될 수 있겠죠.
10:22
Even though we trust our systems to be solid,
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κ·Έ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ κ²¬κ³ ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ§€λ§Œ,
10:25
but one can never be too cautious as we experienced back in 2007,
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚€ 사건이 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
10:30
when the first cyberincident happened,
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2007λ…„, 첫 사이버 곡격이 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
10:34
and it literally blocked part of our networks,
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λ§κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 저희 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬κ°€ 차단 돼,
10:37
making access to the services impossible for hours.
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λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
We survived.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
But this event put cybersecurity at the very top of agenda,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ‚¬κ±΄μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ³΄μ•ˆμ΄ μ΅œμš°μ„  의제둜 μ˜¬λΌμ™”μ£ .
10:48
both in terms of strengthening the platform and backing it up.
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ν”Œλž«νΌμ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜κ³  λ°±μ—…ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œμš”.
10:53
So how do you back up a country-wide system in a small state
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그럼, λͺ¨λ“  것이 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 거리에 μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œλŠ”
μ „ ꡭ가적 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 백업을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
10:58
where everything is super close?
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11:01
Well for instance, you can export a copy of the data
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λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 볡사본을 κ΅­κ°€ μ˜ν†  밖에 μžˆλŠ”
11:05
outside the country territory
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λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ 보내
11:07
to an extraterritorial space of an embassy.
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μΉ˜μ™Έλ²•κΆŒμΈ μ˜μ‚¬κ΄€μ— λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
11:12
Today, we have those data embassies
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ €ν¬λŠ” 데이터 λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€μ΄λΌκ³ 
11:15
that are holding the most critical digital assets of Estonia,
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μžμ‚°μΈ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 데이터듀을 여기에 λ³΄κ΄€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:20
guaranteeing continuity of operations,
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 운영의 연속성을 보μž₯ν•˜κ³ 
11:23
protection of our data,
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데이터λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λ©°
11:24
and most importantly, our sovereignty.
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ£ΌκΆŒλ„ μ§€ν‚€λ©΄μ„œμš”.
11:28
Even in case of a physical attack on our territory.
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κ΅­κ°€ μ˜ν† κ°€ 곡격을 당해도 λ³΄ν˜Έν•  수 있게 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
Some of you might be thinking by now:
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, κ³Όμ—° 단점은 뭐가 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
11:36
Where are the downsides?
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κΆκΈˆν•˜μ‹€ ν…λ°μš”.
11:39
Well, going all digital
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μ „λ©΄ λ””μ§€ν„Έν™”λŠ”
11:41
is administratively, and let's be honest, financially more efficient.
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ν–‰μ •μ μœΌλ‘œλ‚˜ μž¬μ •μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ΄ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
Interfacing primarily with computer systems
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컴퓨터 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμœΌλ‘œ λ¨Όμ € λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:49
might create an impression that the human factor,
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인간적인 μš”μ†Œλ“€,
11:52
elected politicians
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κ΅­νšŒμ˜μ›μ„ μ„ μΆœν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
11:54
and participating in democratic processes
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민주적인 μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬λ“±κ³Ό 같은 이런 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄
11:56
is somehow less important.
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λ³„λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
And there are also some people
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λ˜ν•œ, λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
12:00
who feel threatened by pervasive technology
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우리 삢을 μΉ¨νˆ¬ν•˜λŠ” 기술이 μœ„ν˜‘μ μ΄λΌκ³  느껴
μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 기술이 μ“Έλͺ¨μ—†λ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚„ μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠.
12:03
that might make their skills obsolete.
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12:07
So all in all, unfortunately,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ³΄λ‹ˆ, μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„
12:10
running a country on a digital platform
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디지털 ν”Œλž«νΌμœΌλ‘œ κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•΄λ„
12:12
has not saved us from political power struggles
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μ •μΉ˜ ꢌλ ₯의 λ‹€νˆΌκ³Ό μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ–‘κ·Ήν™”μ—μ„œ
12:15
and polarization in the society,
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저희λ₯Ό ꡬ해주진 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
as we have seen in the last elections.
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μ§€λ‚œ μ„ κ±°μ—μ„œ λšœλ ·ν•΄μ‘Œμ£ .
12:21
Well, until there are humans involved.
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λ§žμ•„μš”, μ—¬μ „νžˆ 인간이 ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μ˜μ—­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” κ±°κ² μ£ .
12:25
One last question.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
If everything is location-independent
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λͺ¨λ“  정보가 μœ„μΉ˜ 독립적이고
12:31
and I can access all of the services from anywhere in the world,
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μ „ 세계 μ–΄λ””μ„œλ“  μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
12:34
why cannot others tap into some of these services,
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
12:37
even if they don't reside within Estonian borders?
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μ™œ 이런 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μ„κΉŒμš”?
12:42
Five years ago,
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5λ…„ μ „,
12:43
we launched a governmental start-up called e-Residency program
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μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œλŠ” "e-λ ˆμ§€λ˜μ‹œ"λΌλŠ” μŠ€νƒ€νŠΈμ—…μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄
12:47
that for today joins tens of thousands of people.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  수만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ—°κ²°μ‹œμΌœμ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
These are businessmen and women from 136 different countries,
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136κ°œκ΅­μ—μ„œ 온 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 사업가듀이
사업을 λ””μ§€ν„Έλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:57
who establish their businesses digitally,
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은행 업무도 온라인으둜 보고
13:00
who do their banking online,
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e-μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„ ν”Œλž«νΌμ—μ„œ νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό κ°€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μš΄μ˜ν•΄
13:03
and who run their companies virtually over e-Estonia platform,
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13:09
within European Union legal framework,
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μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©μ˜ 법λ₯ μ— 따라,
13:13
using an e-identity card similar to mine
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제 것과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ „μž μ‹ λΆ„μ¦μœΌλ‘œ
13:16
and all of that from anywhere in the world.
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전세계 μ–΄λ””μ„œλ“ μ§€ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
The Estonian system is location-independent
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μœ„μΉ˜ 독립적이고
13:25
and user-centric.
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μ‚¬μš©μž κΈ°λ°˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:26
It prioritizes inclusiveness, openness and reliability.
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ν¬μš©μ„±, κ°œλ°©μ„±, 신뒰성을 μ΅œμš°μ„ μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°κ³ ,
13:32
It puts security and transparency at its center.
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λ³΄μ•ˆκ³Ό 투λͺ…성을 쀑심에 두고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
And the data into the hands of the rightful owner,
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그리고 μ†Œμœ κΆŒμ„ μ£Όμž₯ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œλ§Œ
13:40
the person they refer to.
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데이터λ₯Ό μ₯μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:42
Don't take my word for it.
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제 κ°•μ—°λ§Œ 듣지 λ§ˆμ‹œκ³ 
13:44
Try it.
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직접 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
13:46
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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