The urgent case for antibiotic-free animals | Leon Marchal

52,568 views ใƒป 2020-01-27

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Choi Minyu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yeowoon Yi
00:12
There was a time when simple infections were deadly,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
but now, thanks to the wide availability of antibiotics,
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๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
00:19
this is merely a relic of the past.
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00:22
But actually, I should say "was,"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
because nowadays, we're using antibiotics so much
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด
์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
00:28
that the bacteria that cause these infections
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๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋“ค์ด
00:30
are becoming resistant.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And that should really scare the hell out of all of us.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
If we do not change our behavior and wean ourselves off antibiotics,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋Š์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
00:40
the UN predicts that by 2050,
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UN์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2050๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
00:43
antimicrobial resistance will become our single biggest killer.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
So we must start to act.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
But "where to begin" is an interesting question,
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ฑด์ด์ฃ .
00:54
because we humans are not the only ones using antibiotics.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Worldwide, 50 to 80 percent of all antibiotics are used by animals.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ 50~80%๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Not all of these are critical for human health,
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๋™๋ฌผ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:05
but if we do not get it under control right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:07
we're looking at a very scary future for humans and animals alike.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
To begin, let's talk about how we ended up here.
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์šฐ์„ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:16
The first large-scale use of antibiotics was in the early '50s of the last century.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ 1950๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
In the Western world, prosperity was increasing
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์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ์ž˜์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:24
and people wanted to eat more animal protein.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
When animals were sick, you could now treat them with antibiotics
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๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:30
so they did not die and kept growing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:32
But soon, it was discovered
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๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์— ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋จน์ด๋ฉด
01:34
that adding small and regular amounts of antibiotics to the feed
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01:37
kept the animals healthy,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:39
made them grow faster
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋จน์—ฌ๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
and caused them to need less feed.
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01:43
So these antibiotics worked well --
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
really well, actually.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ •๋ง ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:47
And with increasing animal production,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‹ํ’ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:49
also antibiotic use skyrocketed worldwide.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์น˜์†Ÿ์•˜๊ณ 
01:53
Unfortunately, so did antibiotic resistance.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๋„ ๋Š˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
The reason your doctor tells you to finish the entire bottle of antibiotics
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:01
is if you shorten your dose, you will not kill all of the bugs.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๋” ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And the ones that stick around build up the antibiotic resistance.
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02:09
It's the same problem with giving animals small and regular doses of antibiotics:
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์ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ฃฝ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
some bad bugs die but not all of them.
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02:16
Spread that across an entire industry,
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์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
02:19
and you can understand that we accidentally build up
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
02:21
a large reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
But I hate to break it to you --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
the problem doesn't stop there.
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02:30
You know who else takes antibiotics?
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๋˜ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:33
Fluffy, your cat, and Rover, your dog.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌํ”ผ์™€ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€ ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:37
Pets rank even amongst the heaviest users of all,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
and they use antibiotics
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋”์šฑ๋” ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
that are much more critical for human health.
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02:44
Combine this with how close we live with our companion animals
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:48
and you understand the risk
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์ดํ•ด๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
of you picking up antibiotic-resistant bacteria from your own pet.
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๋ฐ˜๋ ค๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๋†์žฅ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊นŒ์š”?
02:57
But how do these antibiotic-resistant bacteria
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03:00
in farm animals affect you?
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03:02
Let me give you an example we have, actually, data on.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
The levels of antibiotic-resistant salmonella in pigs in Europe
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ผ์ง€์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท  ์ง€์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
against different types of antibiotics
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03:12
range from less than a percent to as high [as] 60 percent.
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์ตœ์ € 1% ์ดํ•˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๊ณ  60% ์ด์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Which means that in most cases,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
03:18
this antibiotic will not work anymore to kill this salmonella.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋”๋Š” ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And there was a high correlation
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๋ผ์ง€์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ฐ„์—๋Š”
03:25
between antibiotic-resistant salmonella in the pig
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03:28
and in the final product.
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๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Whether that is pork chop,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐˆ๋น„๋“  ๋ฐ”๋น„ํ๋“  ๋‹ค์ง„ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“  ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
spare ribs or minced meat.
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03:33
Now, luckily, typically less than one percent
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ์ƒ์„ , ๋‹ฌ๊ฑ€ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:37
of all raw meat, fish or eggs
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1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
will contain salmonella.
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03:41
And this only poses a risk when not treated well.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ท ์€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Still, there are over 100,000 human salmonella cases in the EU
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 10๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์˜
์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ(EU) ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๊ณ 
03:50
and more than a million cases in the US.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฑด์ด ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
In the US, leading to 23,000 hospitalizations
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 23,000 ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:57
and 450 people dead each year.
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค 450๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
With antibiotic-resistant salmonella on the rise,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ
04:03
this death toll is likely to increase.
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
But it's not only about consuming yourself.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
This year, more than 100 people got infected
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋งŒ 100 ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
04:12
with a multidrug-resistant salmonella
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
after feeding pig ears, as a treat, to their dog.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๊ฒฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์ง€ ๊ท€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฐ„์‹์„ ๋จน์ธ ํ›„์—์š”.
04:19
So we really must cut back on antibiotic use in animal production.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€๊ณต ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
And luckily, this is starting to happen.
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
The EU was the first region to ban
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ(EU)์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
putting antibiotics in low doses in the feed.
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04:32
From '99 on, in several steps,
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1999๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ช‡ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
04:34
the amount of different types of antibiotics allowed was reduced,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์™”๊ณ 
04:37
and in 2006, a complete ban went into place.
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2006๋…„์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ „๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Antibiotics were only allowed
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์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”ˆ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
when a veterinarian determined the animal was sick.
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04:46
Sounds great, right?
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์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ ? ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Problem solved.
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04:48
No, wait, not so fast.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
04:50
As soon as the reduction program started,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ž ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
it was very quickly discovered
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๋™๋ฌผ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ๋ฎ์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ๋†์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
04:55
that antibiotics had been the perfect blanket
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04:57
to cover up a lot of bad farm practices.
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05:00
More and more animals became sick
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๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ณ 
05:02
and needed to be cured with ... antibiotics.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:05
So instead of the total amount going down,
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์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
it actually increased.
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05:09
Surely, that was not the way to go.
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
But luckily, that was not the end of the story.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
The whole European agricultural sector started on a journey,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์ฒด ๋†์—…์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
and I think it's a journey anybody can learn from.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
This is also the time I personally entered the scene.
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์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
I joined a large European feed compounder.
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์ €๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:27
A feed compounder makes a total diet for a farmer to feed to his animals
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ 
05:31
and often also provides the advice
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์œกํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
on how to raise the animals in the best way.
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05:36
I was really motivated to work together with my colleagues,
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์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†๋ถ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
05:39
veterinarians and, of course, the farmers
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05:41
to figure out how to keep the animals healthy and antibiotic-free.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์—†์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
Now there are three major things that need to happen
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌดํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
for antibiotic-free production.
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05:50
Let me walk you through the playbook.
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์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์งš์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:52
To start -- and it sounds very obvious --
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์œ„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
that our hygiene is the place to start.
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05:57
Better cleaning of the stable and the drinking-water lines
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์ถ•์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜๊ด€์„ ๋” ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•ด์„œ
05:59
making it harder for the disease to come in and spread across the stable.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์ถ•์‚ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
That's all very important,
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์œ„์ƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
06:05
but the part I was personally most interested in
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06:08
was better feeding for the animals,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋” ์˜์–‘๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
better nutrition.
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06:11
Feeding a well-balanced diet is important.
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๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Think about it this way:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:15
when you yourself do not eat enough fiber, you do not feel well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์„ ๋จน์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์†์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์‹์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
06:19
Part of the food you consume is not digested by yourself
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06:22
but fermented in your large intestine by bacteria.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋Œ€์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
So you're feeding those microbes with part of your diet.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ญ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Initially, most young animals were fed low-fiber,
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
์ €์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ, ๊ณ ๋…น๋ง, ๊ณ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋จน์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
high-starch and protein,
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06:35
very finely ground and highly digestible diets.
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๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ ค์„œ ์†Œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Like being yourself on a diet of hamburger buns,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ๋นต์ด๋‚˜
06:41
rice, waffles and protein bars.
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์Œ€, ์™€ํ”Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
We changed this to a lower-protein,
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์ €๋‹จ๋ฐฑ, ๊ณ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ์š”.
06:48
higher-fiber, coarser type of diet.
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06:51
Like being on a diet of whole grains, salad with meat or beans.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณก๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ์— ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝฉ์„ ๊ณ๋“ค์—ฌ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
06:56
This shifted the bacterial flora in the animals' guts
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์ด๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ์œ„์žฅ ์† ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ตฐ์„
๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋” ์ด๋กœ์šด ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
to the more beneficial ones
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07:00
and reduced the chance that pathogens would flourish.
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๋™๋ฌผ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ ์š”.
07:04
You might be surprised
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๋†€๋ผ์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:05
but not only diet composition, also diet structure plays a role.
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์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์˜์–‘ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๊ฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Simply the fact that the same diet is coarser
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๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ผ๋„ ์งˆ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฑฐ์น  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:12
will lead to a better-developed digestive tract,
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์†Œํ™”๊ด€์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
and thus, a healthier animal.
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07:17
But the best part was that farmers started to buy this actually, too.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Unlike some other parts of the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
07:24
Western European farmers mainly still make their independent buying decisions:
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์„œ๊ตฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
who to buy the feed from and sell their animals to.
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์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ์ž…์ฒ˜์™€ ๊ฐ€์ถ• ํŒ๋งค์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:31
So what you're actually selling in the end
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ๋†๋ถ€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:33
reflects the actual local need of these farmers.
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07:36
For example,
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์•„๊ธฐ ๋ผ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
the protein content in piglet diets
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07:39
in countries that are much more vigilant in reducing antibiotics,
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์ด ๋น„์œจ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”,
07:42
like, for example, Germany and the Netherlands,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋…์ผ๊ณผ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—”
07:44
were already 10 to 15 percent lower
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๋’ค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด
07:46
than in a country like the UK, which was slower to pick this up.
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๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ 10~15%๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
But, like with better hygiene, better nutrition helps
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์€ ์œ„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์‹์‚ฌ๋„
07:55
but will not totally prevent you from becoming sick.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ผœ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
So more is needed.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
And that's why we turned to the microbiome.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Making the water with the feed more acidic
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์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
08:05
helps to create an environment
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์œ ์ตํ•œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
that benefits the more beneficial bacteria
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08:09
and inhibits the pathogens.
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๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์€ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
08:11
Like fermented food,
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์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅดํŠธ๋‚˜ ์–‘๋ฐฐ์ถ” ์ ˆ์ž„ ํ˜น์€ ์‚ด๋ผ๋ฏธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹ํ’ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
08:12
whether it's yogurt, sauerkraut or salami,
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08:15
they'll all spoil less quickly, too.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
Now, with modern techniques,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” DNA ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ
08:20
like the ones based on DNA testing,
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08:23
we can see that there are many more different microorganisms present.
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๋ฐœํšจ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์†์— ๋”์šฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
And this ecosystem, which we call the microbiome,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์œ ์ „์ฒด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
08:30
is much more complex.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Turns out there are about eight times more microorganisms in your gut
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์ „์ฒด ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 8๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด
08:37
as tissue cells in your body.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ ์†์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
And for animals, the impact is no less.
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์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
So if we want to work without antibiotics in animal production,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์—†์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:46
we have to make the animals much more robust.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋” ํŠผํŠผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
So that when a disease strikes,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
the animals are much more resilient.
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08:53
And this three-pronged nutribiosis approach
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์„ธ ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์˜์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•, ์ฆ‰
08:56
involving the host, nutrition and the microbiome
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์ˆ™์ฃผ, ์˜์–‘๋ถ„, ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
09:00
is the way to do it.
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๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Now the practice of raising animals on an antibiotic-containing
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๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ด€ํ–‰์€
์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š”
09:06
or antibiotic-use-provoking diet is a bit cheaper at farm level.
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๋†์žฅ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์‚ฌ์œก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
But in the end, we are talking about a few percent at the consumer level.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ข… ์†Œ๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ % ์ฐจ์ด๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
That's actually quite affordable
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ณ„์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
for the middle- and high-income part of the world population.
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09:19
And a very small price to pay
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„
09:21
when our own health or our loved ones' health is at stake.
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์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์น˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
So what do you think, what direction do we take?
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธธ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
09:28
Do we allow antimicrobial resistance to become our biggest killer,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘๊ณ 
09:33
at huge financial and a special personal cost?
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์ „์ , ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:36
Or do we, besides reducing human antibiotic consumption,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:41
truly start embracing antibiotic-free animal production?
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:45
For me, the choice is very obvious.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฌ์šด ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
But to make this happen,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:49
we have to set reduction targets
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09:51
and make sure that they're followed all around the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ผœ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Because farmers compete with each other.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
And at a country level,
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๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„
09:57
trading block or the global market,
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09:59
costs are very important.
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๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
And also, we have to be realistic.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Farmers need to have the possibilities
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๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:05
to invest more in better management and better feed
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์žฅ๋ž˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
in order to achieve this reduction.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
10:11
And besides legal limits, the market can play a role,
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๋ฒ•์  ์ œํ•œ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
by offering antibiotic-reduced or antibiotic-free products.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ € ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌดํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ธ์‹์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
And with growing consumer awareness,
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10:21
these market forces will increase in power.
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10:24
Now everything I've been talking about seems to be great for us.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
But what about the animals?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ถ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ข‹์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
Now, guess what, their lives get better, too.
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10:32
Better health, less stress, happier life.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:35
So now you know.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๊ฑ€, ์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
We have the knowledge how to produce meat, eggs and milk
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10:42
without or with very low amounts of antibiotics,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ์–‘๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ์š”.
10:45
and I'll argue it's a small price to pay
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
to avoid a future in which bacterial infections
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์„ธ๊ท ์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜๋Š”
10:51
again become our biggest killer.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
10:53
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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