Irwin Redlener: How to survive a nuclear attack

117,113 views ใƒป 2008-09-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sanghoon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Young-ho Park
00:12
So, a big question that we're facing now
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
and have been for quite a number of years now:
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
are we at risk of a nuclear attack?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:21
Now, there's a bigger question
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
that's probably actually more important than that,
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
is the notion of permanently eliminating
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ๋ฐ,
00:30
the possibility of a nuclear attack,
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์ฆ‰, ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„
00:32
eliminating the threat altogether.
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์˜์›ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
And I would like to make a case to you that
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
00:37
over the years since we first developed atomic weaponry,
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜
00:40
until this very moment,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:42
we've actually lived in a dangerous nuclear world
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
that's characterized by two phases,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜์— ์‚ด์•„์˜จ
00:48
which I'm going to go through with you right now.
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
First of all, we started off the nuclear age in 1945.
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๋จผ์ €, ํ•ต์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” 1945๋…„์— ๋ง‰์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
The United States had developed a couple of atomic weapons
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋งจํ•ดํŠผ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
00:57
through the Manhattan Project,
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:59
and the idea was very straightforward:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”
01:01
we would use the power of the atom
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์›์ž์˜ ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
01:03
to end the atrocities and the horror
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์งˆ์งˆ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋Œ€์ „์˜
01:05
of this unending World War II
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๋งŒํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ์ข…์‹์‹œํ‚ค์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:07
that we'd been involved in in Europe and in the Pacific.
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ํƒœํ‰์–‘์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ 2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „์— ์ฐธ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:10
And in 1945,
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1945๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ
01:13
we were the only nuclear power.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํ•ต๋ณด์œ ๊ตญ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
We had a few nuclear weapons,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:17
two of which we dropped on Japan, in Hiroshima,
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1945๋…„ 8์›”, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ณธ ํžˆ๋กœ์‹œ๋งˆ์™€
01:19
a few days later in Nagasaki, in August 1945,
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๋‚˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌํ‚ค์— ํˆฌํ•˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:22
killing about 250,000 people between those two.
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๊ทธ ๋‘๊ณณ์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ ์ด 25๋งŒ๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ์ธ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด์ƒํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:25
And for a few years,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
01:27
we were the only nuclear power on Earth.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํ•ต๋ณด์œ ๊ตญ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
But by 1949, the Soviet Union had decided
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1949๋…„์— ์†Œ๋ จ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ
01:34
it was unacceptable to have us as the only nuclear power,
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ํ•ต๋ณด์œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฉ๋‚ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:37
and they began to match what the United States had developed.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ํ•„์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:41
And from 1949 to 1985
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1949๋…„์—์„œ 1985๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
01:44
was an extraordinary time
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์ ํ–ˆ๋˜
01:47
of a buildup of a nuclear arsenal
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๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
01:50
that no one could possibly have imagined
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ถ•์ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜๋Š”
01:52
back in the 1940s.
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1940๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
So by 1985 -- each of those red bombs up here
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” 1985๋…„๋„์˜ ์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:57
is equivalent of a thousands warheads --
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๊ฐ ์ ์ƒ‰ ํญํƒ„์€ 1000๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ตํƒ„๋‘๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
the world had
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š”
02:02
65,000 nuclear warheads,
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6๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•ตํƒ„๋‘์™€
02:05
and seven members of something
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"ํ•ตํด๋Ÿฝ"์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„
02:07
that came to be known as the "nuclear club."
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7๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:10
And it was an extraordinary time,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
02:12
and I am going to go through some of the mentality
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๋‹น์‹œ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
02:14
that we -- that Americans and the rest of the world were experiencing.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
But I want to just point out to you that 95 percent
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1985๋…„ ์ดํ›„
02:20
of the nuclear weapons at any particular time
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์•„๋ฌด ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด 95%์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
02:23
since 1985 -- going forward, of course --
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๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก ,
02:25
were part of the arsenals
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๋น„์ถ•ํ•œ
02:27
of the United States and the Soviet Union.
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
After 1985, and before the break up of the Soviet Union,
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1985๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€,
02:33
we began to disarm
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ์ถ•์ด
02:35
from a nuclear point of view.
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์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
We began to counter-proliferate,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ต๋น„ํ™•์‚ฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:39
and we dropped the number of nuclear warheads in the world
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์•ฝ 21,000๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ตํƒ„๋‘๋ฅผ
02:41
to about a total of 21,000.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
It's a very difficult number to deal with,
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด๋ฐ,
02:45
because what we've done is
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•ตํƒ„๋‘๋Š”
02:47
we've quote unquote "decommissioned" some of the warheads.
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"ํ•ด์ฒด"๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
They're still probably usable. They could be "re-commissioned,"
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"์กฐ๋ฆฝ"๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ง€์š”.
02:52
but the way they count things, which is very complicated,
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์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
we think we have about a third
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:57
of the nuclear weapons we had before.
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์ด์ „์˜ 1/3 ์ •๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
But we also, in that period of time,
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์ด ์™€์ค‘์— ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
03:01
added two more members to the nuclear club:
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"ํ•ต ํด๋Ÿฝ"์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Pakistan and North Korea.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
So we stand today with a still fully armed nuclear arsenal
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์™„์ „ ๋ฌด์žฅ๋œ
03:10
among many countries around the world,
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
but a very different set of circumstances.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
So I'm going to talk about
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ต์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด
03:17
a nuclear threat story in two chapters.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Chapter one is 1949 to 1991,
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์ฒซ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1949๋…„์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ จ์ด
03:22
when the Soviet Union broke up,
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๋ถ•๊ดดํ•œ 1991๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
and what we were dealing with, at that point and through those years,
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์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜
03:27
was a superpowers' nuclear arms race.
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์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€์ง€์š”.
03:30
It was characterized by
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Œ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋งค์šฐ
03:32
a nation-versus-nation,
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๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œผ๋กœ
03:34
very fragile standoff.
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ํŠน์ •๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
And basically,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
03:38
we lived for all those years,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฒช์–ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
03:40
and some might argue that we still do,
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ํ˜น์ž๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„
03:42
in a situation of
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
03:44
being on the brink, literally,
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๋ˆˆ๊นœ์งํ•  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํŒŒ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์žฌ์•™์„
03:46
of an apocalyptic, planetary calamity.
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๋งž์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
It's incredible that we actually lived through all that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
We were totally dependent during those years
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ MAD๋ผ๋Š”
03:55
on this amazing acronym, which is MAD.
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์ „๋žต์— ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:58
It stands for mutually assured destruction.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ "์ƒํ˜ธํ™•์ฆํŒŒ๊ดด"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
So it meant
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
04:03
if you attacked us, we would attack you
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๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์‹œ์—
04:05
virtually simultaneously,
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๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
and the end result would be a destruction
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๊ทธ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜
04:09
of your country and mine.
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
So the threat of my own destruction
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด
04:13
kept me from launching
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๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ €์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
a nuclear attack on you. That's the way we lived.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
And the danger of that, of course, is that
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
a misreading of a radar screen
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๋ ˆ์ด๋” ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€
04:24
could actually cause a counter-launch,
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์ƒ๋Œ€๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
04:26
even though the first country had not actually launched anything.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ณด๋ณต ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
During this chapter one,
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์ด ์ฒซ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š”
04:31
there was a high level of public awareness
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ•ต ํŒŒ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:33
about the potential of nuclear catastrophe,
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๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:36
and an indelible image was implanted
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์˜์‹ ์†์—
04:38
in our collective minds
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์ง€์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ์„œ
04:40
that, in fact, a nuclear holocaust
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์‚ด๊ณผ
04:42
would be absolutely globally destructive
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ
04:45
and could, in some ways, mean the end of civilization as we know it.
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๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ์ข…๋ง์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
So this was chapter one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Now the odd thing is that even though
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์€
04:53
we knew that there would be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด
04:55
that kind of civilization obliteration,
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๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์ข…๋ง์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:58
we engaged in America in a series --
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์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ จ์€
05:00
and in fact, in the Soviet Union --
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜
05:02
in a series of response planning.
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๋Œ€์‘ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
It was absolutely incredible.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
So premise one is we'd be destroying the world,
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์ œ 1 ์ „์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
05:08
and then premise two is, why don't we get prepared for it?
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2 ์ „์ œ๋Š” ์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
So what
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
05:13
we offered ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ถ”๋ ค์„œ
05:15
was a collection of things. I'm just going to go skim through a few things,
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€์š”.
05:17
just to jog your memories.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
05:19
If you're born after 1950, this is just --
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1950๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํƒœ์ƒ์ด์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ 
05:21
consider this entertainment, otherwise it's memory lane.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ถ”์–ต์˜ ์˜ค์†”๊ธธ๋กœ ๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
This was Bert the Turtle. (Video)
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด ๋ฒ„ํŠธ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:42
This was basically an attempt
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€
05:44
to teach our schoolchildren
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:46
that if we did get engaged
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฑ…์ƒ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ
05:48
in a nuclear confrontation and atomic war,
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์ชผ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•‰๋„๋ก
05:51
then we wanted our school children
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
05:53
to kind of basically duck and cover.
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๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:55
That was the principle. You --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€์š”.
05:57
there would be a nuclear conflagration
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋Œ€์žฌ์•™์ด
05:59
about to hit us, and if you get under your desk,
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์ƒ๊ธธ ๋•Œ ์ฑ…์ƒ ๋ฐ‘์— ์ˆจ์œผ๋ฉด
06:01
things would be OK.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:05
I didn't do all that well
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ
06:07
in psychiatry in medical school, but I was interested,
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๋น„๋ก ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:09
and I think this was seriously delusional.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ง์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:14
Secondly, we told people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ
06:16
to go down in their basements
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์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ”ผํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
06:18
and build a fallout shelter.
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๋‚™์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Maybe it would be a study when we weren't having an atomic war,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋Š” ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:23
or you could use it as a TV room, or, as many teenagers found out,
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์„œ์žฌ, TV ์‹œ์ฒญ์‹ค, ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ญ๋Œ€ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜
06:26
a very, very safe place for a little privacy with your girlfriend.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€์š”.
06:29
And actually -- so there are multiple uses of the bomb shelters.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•ต๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€์š”.
06:32
Or you could buy a prefabricated bomb shelter
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์กฐ๋ฆฝํ˜• ํ•ต๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋Š”
06:35
that you could simply bury in the ground.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋•…์„ ํŒŒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์œผ๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€์š”.
06:37
Now, the bomb shelters at that point --
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
06:39
let's say you bought a prefab one -- it would be a few hundred dollars,
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๋ช‡๋ฐฑ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜€๊ณ ,
06:41
maybe up to 500, if you got a fancy one.
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๋”œ๋Ÿญ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 500๋ถˆ ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:43
Yet, what percentage of Americans
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ช‡ ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด
06:45
do you think ever had a bomb shelter in their house?
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ํ•ต ํญํƒ„ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:47
What percentage lived in a house with a bomb shelter?
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ํ•ต๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:50
Less than two percent. About 1.4 percent
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2% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:53
of the population, as far as anyone knows,
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์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ”ผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:55
did anything,
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๋˜๋Š”
06:57
either making a space in their basement
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์‹ค์ง€๋กœ ํ•ต๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
06:59
or actually building a bomb shelter.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ 1.4% ์ •๋„ ์˜€์ง€์š”.
07:02
Many buildings, public buildings, around the country --
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๋‰ด์š•์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋Š”
07:04
this is New York City -- had these little civil defense signs,
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์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ฐฉ์œ„ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:07
and the idea was that you would
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
07:09
run into one of these shelters and be safe
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:11
from the nuclear weaponry.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:13
And one of the greatest governmental delusions
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ
07:16
of all time was something that happened
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง์ƒ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์น˜์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:18
in the early days of
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์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:20
the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA, as we now know,
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์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋น„์ƒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ตญ(FEMA)์˜
07:23
and are well aware of their behaviors from Katrina.
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์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:26
Here is their first big public
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ FEMA ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜
07:29
announcement.
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๋Œ€๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์˜€์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:31
They would propose --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
07:33
actually there were about six volumes written on this --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ 6๊ถŒ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํŽธ์ฐฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”,
07:35
a crisis relocation plan
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์‹œ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ด๋™ ๊ณ„ํš์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:37
that was dependent upon
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์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•  ๋•Œ
07:39
the United States having three to four days warning
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— 3~4์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
07:42
that the Soviets were going to attack us.
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๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์— ์ค€๋น„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
So the goal was to evacuate the target cities.
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๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:47
We would move people out of the target cities
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์ฆ‰, ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ „ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
07:49
into the countryside.
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์‹œ๊ณจ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:51
And I'm telling you, I actually testified at the Senate
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ํ•˜์—ฌํŠผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
07:54
about the absolute ludicrous idea
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ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ 3-4์ผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ
07:57
that we would actually evacuate,
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๊ฐ€์งˆ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
07:58
and actually have three or four days' warning.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์›์—์„œ ์ฆ์–ธํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:00
It was just completely off the wall.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Turns out that they had another idea
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:05
behind it, even though this was --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
08:07
they were telling the public it was to save us.
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋šฑ๋”ด์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:09
The idea was that we would force the Soviets
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ณจ๋กœ
08:11
to re-target their nuclear weapons -- very expensive --
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ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๋„์‹œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:14
and potentially double their arsenal,
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๋„์‹œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋‚œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๊ณจ๋„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
08:16
to not only take out the original site,
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์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๋น„์‹ผ ์›์žํƒ„์„
08:18
but take out sites where people were going.
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๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ค์•ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:21
This was what apparently, as it turns out, was behind all this.
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ํ”ผ๋‚œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ด๋ฉด์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์†์…ˆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:24
It was just really, really frightening.
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์ •๋ง, ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
The main point here is we were dealing with
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋“ค์€
08:29
a complete disconnect from reality.
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
The civil defense programs were disconnected
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€
08:35
from the reality of what we'd see in all-out nuclear war.
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So organizations like Physicians for Social Responsibility,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์‚ฌํšŒ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌํšŒ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€
08:41
around 1979, started saying this a lot publicly.
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1979๋…„ ๊ฒฝ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
They would do a bombing run. They'd go to your city,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
08:47
and they'd say, "Here's a map of your city.
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"์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ค๋“ค ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ธ๋ฐ
08:49
Here's what's going to happen if we get a nuclear hit."
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์›์žํƒ„์ด ํ„ฐ์ง€๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"ํ•˜๊ณ  ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:52
So no possibility of medical response to,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ „๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:54
or meaningful preparedness for
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์˜๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€์‘์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„๋Š”
08:56
all-out nuclear war.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์คฌ์ง€์š”.
08:58
So we had to prevent nuclear war
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
09:00
if we expected to survive.
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
This disconnect was never actually resolved.
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฑ…์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
And what happened was --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:07
when we get in to chapter two
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ต์œ„ํ˜‘์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
09:09
of the nuclear threat era,
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์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
which started back in 1945.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ 1945๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Chapter two starts in 1991.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” 1991๋…„์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
When the Soviet Union broke up,
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์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
09:18
we effectively lost that adversary
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„
09:20
as a potential attacker of the United States, for the most part.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ ๊ตญ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
It's not completely gone. I'm going to come back to that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”. ์ด์ ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€์š”.
09:25
But from 1991
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1991๋…„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
09:27
through the present time,
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2001๋…„๋„์˜ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ
09:29
emphasized by the attacks of 2001,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š”
09:31
the idea of an all-out nuclear war
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๋‹จํšŒ์ ์ธ ํ•ตํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:34
has diminished and the idea of a single event,
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์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฉดํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:37
act of nuclear terrorism
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ์„
09:39
is what we have instead.
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๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:41
Although the scenario has changed
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์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„
09:44
very considerably, the fact is
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ
09:46
that we haven't changed our mental image
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์ 
09:48
of what a nuclear war means.
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์ธก๋ฉด์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
So I'm going to tell you what the implications of that are in just a second.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
So, what is a nuclear terror threat?
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์šฐ์„ , ํ•ตํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:55
And there's four key ingredients to describing that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:58
First thing is that the global nuclear weapons,
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๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ง€๋„์—
10:01
in the stockpiles that I showed you in those original maps,
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๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด
10:03
happen to be not uniformly secure.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ด€๋ผ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
And it's particularly not secure
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๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
10:08
in the former Soviet Union, now in Russia.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
There are many, many sites where warheads are stored
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ตํƒ„๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
10:13
and, in fact, lots of sites where fissionable materials,
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๊ณ ๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„๊ณผ ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„ ๋“ฑ
10:16
like highly enriched uranium and plutonium,
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ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€
10:19
are absolutely not safe.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
They're available to be bought, stolen, whatever.
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๋งค๊ฐ, ๋„๋‚œ ๋“ฑ ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
They're acquirable, let me put it that way.
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์ฆ‰, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ต๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ž…์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
From 1993 through 2006,
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1993๋…„์—์„œ 2006๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ,
10:30
the International Atomic Energy Agency
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๊ตญ์ œ์›์ž๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
10:32
documented 175 cases of nuclear theft,
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175๊ฑด์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋„๋‚œ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
18 of which involved highly enriched uranium or plutonium,
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18๊ฑด์€ ๊ณ ๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์ด๋‚˜ ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
10:39
the key ingredients to make a nuclear weapon.
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ œ์กฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
The global stockpile of highly enriched uranium
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณ ๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋น„์ถ•๋ถ„์€
10:46
is about 1,300, at the low end,
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์ตœ์ € 1,300ํ†ค์—์„œ ์•ฝ 2,100ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ
10:48
to about 2,100 metric tons.
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์ถ”์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
More than 100 megatons of this
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์ด ์ค‘ 100ํ†ค ์ด์ƒ์ด
10:53
is stored in particularly insecure
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์ „ํ˜€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜
10:56
Russian facilities.
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์‹œ์„ค์— ๋ณด๊ด€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
How much of that do you think it would take
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10ํ‚ฌ๋กœํ†ค์งœ๋ฆฌ ํญํƒ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€
11:01
to actually build a 10-kiloton bomb?
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:03
Well, you need about 75 pounds of it.
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34 kg์ด๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
So, what I'd like to show you
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:10
is
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๋ฐ”๋กœ
11:12
what it would take to hold 75 pounds
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34 kg์˜ ๊ณ ๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€
11:15
of highly enriched uranium.
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ •๋„๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
This is not a product placement. It's just --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ~
11:20
in fact, if I was Coca Cola, I'd be pretty distressed about this --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
11:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:25
-- but
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ~
11:27
basically, this is it.
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ํ•˜์—ฌํŠผ, ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ์ด ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋˜์ง€์š”.
11:30
This is what you would need to steal or buy
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๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ์ˆ ํ•œ ์‹œ์„ค์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ
11:33
out of that 100-metric-ton stockpile
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100ํ†ค์˜ ๋น„์ถ•๋ถ„์—์„œ ์š”์ •๋„์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
11:35
that's relatively insecure
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๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ›”์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:37
to create the type of bomb
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ํžˆ๋กœ์‹œ๋งˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜
11:39
that was used in Hiroshima.
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ํ•ตํญํƒ„์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Now you might want to look at plutonium
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์ž ์ด์ œ ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:43
as another fissionable material that you might use in a bomb.
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ํ•ตํญํƒ„์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•ต๋ถ„์—ด์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:46
That -- you'd need 10 to 13 pounds of plutonium.
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4.5 ~ 5.9 kg์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
Now, plutonium, 10 to 13 pounds:
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์ž, ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„ 4.5 ~ 5.9 kg ~
11:53
this. This is enough plutonium
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ •๋„์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฃจํ† ๋Š„์ด๋ฉด
11:56
to create a Nagasaki-size atomic weapon.
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๋‚˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌํ‚ค์— ํˆฌํ•˜๋œ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Now this situation, already I --
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์ž ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €๋Š” ~
12:03
you know, I don't really like thinking about this,
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
12:06
although somehow I got myself a job
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์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:08
where I have to think about it. So
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ •๋ง ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
the point is that we're very, very insecure
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ
12:13
in terms of developing this material.
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์† ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
The second thing is, what about the know-how?
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
And there's a lot of controversy about
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์‹ค์ œ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ œ์กฐ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ
12:20
whether terror organizations have the know-how
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ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์€
12:23
to actually make a nuclear weapon.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Well, there's a lot of know-how out there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
There's an unbelievable amount of know-how out there.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
There's detailed information on how to assemble
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๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
12:33
a nuclear weapon from parts.
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์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
There's books about how to build a nuclear bomb.
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ…๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
There are plans for how to create a terror farm
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
12:42
where you could actually manufacture and develop
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:44
all the components and assemble it.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
All of this information is relatively available.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
12:50
If you have an undergraduate degree in physics,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:52
I would suggest --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
12:54
although I don't, so maybe it's not even true --
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์ข€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•˜์—ฌํŠผ
12:56
but something close to that would allow you,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:58
with the information that's currently available,
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
13:00
to actually build a nuclear weapon.
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
The third element of the nuclear terror threat
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ํ•ต ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด
13:08
is that, who would actually do such a thing?
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:11
Well, what we're seeing now is a level of terrorism
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ
13:14
that involves individuals who are highly organized.
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
13:17
They are very dedicated and committed.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
They are stateless.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
Somebody once said, Al Qaeda
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ํ˜น์ž๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ์•Œ์นด์—๋‹ค๋Š”
13:23
does not have a return address,
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๋ฐ˜์†ก์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
so if they attack us with a nuclear weapon,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹นํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
13:27
what's the response, and to whom is the response?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:30
And they're retaliation-proof.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๋ณต์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋“ค์ด์ง€์š”.
13:32
Since there is no real retribution possible
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ํ˜•ํŽธ์„ ํ˜ธ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
13:35
that would make any difference,
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋ณต๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
13:37
since there are people willing to actually give up their lives
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
13:40
in order to do a lot of damage to us,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
it becomes apparent
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
13:44
that the whole notion
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์ƒํ˜ธํ™•์ฆํŒŒ๊ดด๋ผ๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์€
13:46
of this mutually assured destruction would not work.
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์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€์š”.
13:48
Here is Sulaiman Abu Ghaith,
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์ด ์ž๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ผ์ด๋งŒ ์•„๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์ด์Šค๋กœ์„œ
13:50
and Sulaiman was a key lieutenant of Osama Bin Laden.
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์˜ค์‚ฌ๋งˆ ๋นˆ ๋ผ๋ด์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ถ€๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:53
He wrote many, many times statements to this effect:
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์ด์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์ง€์š”:
13:55
"we have the right to kill four million Americans,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ์ฃฝ์ผ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
13:58
two million of whom should be children."
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค."
14:00
And we don't have to go overseas
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ
14:02
to find people willing to do harm, for whatever their reasons.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
McVeigh and Nichols, and the Oklahoma City attack
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1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฒ ์ด, ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค, ์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆ์‹œํ‹ฐ
14:07
in the 1990s
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ์€
14:09
was a good example of homegrown terrorists.
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๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
What if they had gotten their hands on a nuclear weapon?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์— ๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
14:13
The fourth element
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
14:15
is that the high-value U.S. targets
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด
14:17
are accessible, soft and plentiful.
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์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
This would be a talk for another day, but the level of the preparedness
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:22
that the United States has achieved
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9/11 ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ดํ›„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€
14:24
since 9/11 of '01
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค ์ •๋„๋กœ
14:26
is unbelievably inadequate.
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๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
What you saw after Katrina
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์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์žฌํ•ด๋Š”
14:30
is a very good indicator
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์žฌํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
14:32
of how little prepared the United States is
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜
14:35
for any kind of major attack.
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ํ—ˆ์ˆ ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
14:37
Seven million ship cargo containers
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๋งค๋…„ 7๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”๋ฌผ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€
14:39
come into the United States every year.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
Five to seven percent only are inspected --
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 5~7%๋งŒ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ~
14:44
five to seven percent.
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ 5~7%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
This is Alexander Lebed,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
who was a general that worked with Yeltsin,
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์˜์นœ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:52
who talked about, and presented to Congress,
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์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ํญํƒ„์„
14:55
this idea that the Russians had developed --
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฐ์„คํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
14:58
these suitcase bombs. They were very low yield --
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๊ทธ ํญํƒ„์˜ ์œ„๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์•ฝํ•ด์„œ
15:00
0.1 to one kiloton,
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0.1 ~ 1 ํ‚ฌ๋กœํ†ค ์ •๋„๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Hiroshima was around 13 kilotons --
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ํžˆ๋กœ์‹œ๋งˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 13 ํ‚ฌ๋กœํ†ค์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
15:05
but enough to do an unbelievable amount of damage.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
And Lebed came to the United States
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๋ ˆ๋ฒ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ
15:10
and told us that many, many --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋งํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
more than 80 of the suitcase bombs
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ 80๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ํญํƒ„์˜
15:15
were actually not accountable.
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์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
And they look like this. They're basically very simple arrangements.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
You put the elements into a suitcase.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
15:22
It becomes very portable.
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๋งค์šฐ ํœด๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํŽธํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
The suitcase can be conveniently dropped
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์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํŠธ๋ ํฌ ์•ˆ์—
15:26
in your trunk of your car.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
15:28
You take it wherever you want to take it, and you can detonate it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐํญ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
15:30
You don't want to build a suitcase bomb,
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๊ฐ€๋ฐฉํญํƒ„์„ ์•ˆ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:33
and you happen to get one of those insecure
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ํ—ˆ์ˆ ํ•œ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ์œ ์ถœ๋œ
15:35
nuclear warheads that exist.
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ํžˆ๋กœ์‹œ๋งˆ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ '๋ฆฌํ‹€๋ณด์ด'
15:37
This is the size of
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์ •๋„์˜ ํ•ตํƒ„๋‘๋ฅผ
15:39
the "Little Boy" bomb that was dropped at Hiroshima.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
15:41
It was 9.8 feet long,
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๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ 3๋ฏธํ„ฐ,
15:43
weighed 8,800 pounds. You go down to
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ฝ 4ํ†ค ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
your local rent-a-truck
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ Œํ„ฐ์นด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
15:48
and for 50 bucks or so,
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์•ฝ 50๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ•ตํญํƒ„์„
15:50
you rent a truck that's got the right capacity,
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์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜
15:52
and you take your bomb,
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
15:54
you put it in the truck and you're ready to go.
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์ถœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
It could happen. But what it would mean and who would survive?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:00
You can't get an exact number for that kind of probability,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
16:03
but what I'm trying to say is that
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
16:05
we have all the elements of that happening.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
Anybody who dismisses the thought
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด
16:09
of a nuclear weapon
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:11
being used by a terrorist is kidding themselves.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์†์ด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
I think there's a lot of people in the intelligence community --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
16:16
a lot of people who deal with this work in general
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํญ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ
16:19
think it's almost inevitable, unless we do certain things
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๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
16:22
to really try to defuse the risk,
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
like better interdiction, better prevention,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ, ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์กฐ์น˜,
16:27
better fixing, you know, better screening
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๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์— ์ž…ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š”
16:29
of cargo containers that are coming into the country and so forth.
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ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
There's a lot that can be done to make us a lot safer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
At this particular moment,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
16:37
we actually could end up
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๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋„์‹œ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—
16:39
seeing a nuclear detonation in one of our cities.
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ํ•ตํญํƒ„์ด ํญ๋ฐœํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
I don't think we would see an all-out nuclear war
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณง ์ „๋ฉดํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š”
16:45
any time soon, although even that is not completely off the table.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
There's still enough nuclear weapons
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๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ๋น„์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š”
16:50
in the arsenals of the superpowers
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์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
16:52
to destroy the Earth many, many times over.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
There are flash points in India and Pakistan,
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์ธ๋„, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ์ค‘๋™, ๋ถํ•œ ๋“ฑ์˜
16:58
in the Middle East, in North Korea,
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์ „์Ÿ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
17:00
other places where the use of nuclear weapons,
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ 
17:03
while initially locally,
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด
17:05
could very rapidly
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๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
17:07
go into a situation
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์ „๋ฉด์ ์ธ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ
17:09
where we'd be facing all-out nuclear war.
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๋ฒˆ์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
17:12
It's very unsettling.
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๋งค์šฐ ์—ผ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
17:15
Here we go. OK.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:17
I'm back in my truck, and we drove over the Brooklyn Bridge.
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๋ธŒ๋ฃฉํด๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ์šดํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:20
We're coming down,
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์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์คŒํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ
17:22
and we bring that truck
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณธ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์„
17:24
that you just saw
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๊ธˆ์œต์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
17:26
somewhere in here, in the Financial District.
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์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
This is a 10-kiloton bomb,
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ํžˆ๋กœ์‹œ๋งˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
17:43
slightly smaller than was used
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ์ด 10 ํ‚ฌ๋กœํ†ค์งœ๋ฆฌ ํญํƒ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
in Hiroshima. And I want to just conclude this
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๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ์˜ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ
17:48
by just giving you some information. I think --
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ
17:50
"news you could use" kind of concept here.
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๋ช‡๋งˆ๋”” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
17:53
So, first of all, this would be horrific
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๋จผ์ €, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
17:55
beyond anything we can possibly imagine.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
This is the ultimate.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ถ๊ทน์˜ ๊ณตํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
And if you're in the half-mile radius
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํญ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ 800๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์—
18:01
of where this bomb went off,
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์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, 90% ์ด์ƒ
18:03
you have a 90 percent chance of not making it.
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์‚ด ๊ฐ€๋ง์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:05
If you're right where the bomb went off,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํญ๋ฐœ ์ง€์ ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
18:07
you will be vaporized. And that's --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
I'm just telling you, this is not good.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
18:13
You assume that.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ
18:15
Two-mile radius, you have a 50 percent chance
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3.2 km ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ฃฝ์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด
18:18
of being killed,
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50%์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
and up to about eight miles away --
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13 km์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด~
18:22
now I'm talking about killed instantly --
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค~
18:24
somewhere between a 10 and 20 percent
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์•ฝ 10~20%๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
18:26
chance of getting killed.
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์ฆ‰์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
The thing about this is that
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
the experience of the nuclear detonation is --
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ํ•ตํญ๋ฐœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ €
18:34
first of all, tens of millions of degrees Fahrenheit
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋„๊นŒ์ง€
18:37
at the core here, where it goes off,
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์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€
18:39
and an extraordinary amount of energy
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์—ด, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด
18:41
in the form of heat, acute radiation
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ํญ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
18:44
and blast effects.
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๋ฐœ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
An enormous hurricane-like wind,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํƒœํ’๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด
18:48
and destruction of buildings almost totally,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋…ธ๋ž€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ
18:51
within this yellow circle here.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ดˆํ† ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
And what I'm going to focus on, as I come to conclusion here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด์ž ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
18:55
is that, what happens to you
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
18:58
if you're in here?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:00
Well, if we're talking about the old days
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ตฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜
19:02
of an all-out nuclear attack,
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์ „๋ฉด ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:04
you, up here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
19:05
are as dead as the people here. So it was a moot point.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํญ๋ฐœ์ง€์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋†ˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋†ˆ์ด์ง€์š”.
19:08
My point now, though, is that there is a lot
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
19:10
that we could do for you who are in here,
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํญ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
19:12
if you've survived the initial blast.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
You have, when the blast goes off --
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ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด๋ผ๋„
19:16
and by the way, if it ever comes up, don't look at it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
19:20
If you look at it, you're going to be blind,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‚˜
19:22
either temporarily or permanently.
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์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๋‹˜์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
So if there's any way that you can avoid,
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๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
19:26
like, avert your eyes, that would be a good thing.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:29
If you find yourself alive, but
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ›„
19:31
you're in the vicinity of a nuclear weapon,
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ํญ๋ฐœ์žฅ์†Œ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์ง ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
19:34
you have -- that's gone off --
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๊ทธ ํญํƒ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€
19:36
you have 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the size
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ํญ๋ฐœ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
19:38
and exactly where it went off,
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ํญ๋ฐœ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์—์„œ
19:40
to get out of the way before
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๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๋ฉด์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š”
19:42
a lethal amount of radiation
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „
19:44
comes straight down from the mushroom cloud that goes up.
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10-20๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์‹ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
In that 10 to 15 minutes, all you have to do --
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๊ทธ 10~15๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
19:49
and I mean this seriously --
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
19:51
is go about a mile
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์ ์–ด๋„ ํญ๋ฐœ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ
19:53
away from the blast.
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1.6 km ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
19:55
And what happens is -- this is --
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
19:57
I'm going to show you now some fallout plumes. Within 20 minutes,
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๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋‚™์ง„ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด 20๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์—
19:59
it comes straight down. Within 24 hours,
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์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ , 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—
20:01
lethal radiation is going out with prevailing winds,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ํฉ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ
20:04
and it's mostly in this particular direction --
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:06
it's going northeast.
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๋ถ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:08
And if you're in this vicinity, you've got to get away.
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ํญ๋ฐœ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
So you're feeling the wind --
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ
20:13
and there's tremendous wind now
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:15
that you're going to be feeling -- and you want to go
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์ด๋•Œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€
20:17
perpendicular to the wind
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ
20:19
[not upwind or downwind].
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๋˜๋Š”,
20:21
if you are in fact able to see where the blast was in front of you.
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ํญ๋ฐœ ํ˜„์žฅ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
20:24
You've got to get out of there.
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๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:26
If you don't get out of there, you're going to be exposed
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๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋งค์šฐ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—
20:28
to lethal radiation in very short order.
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:30
If you can't get out of there,
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๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
20:32
we want you to go into a shelter and stay there.
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๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:35
Now, in a shelter in an urban area means
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๋„์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
20:38
you have to be either in a basement as deep as possible,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
20:41
or you have to be on a floor -- on a high floor --
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๊ณ ์ธต๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ธต์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:44
if it's a ground burst explosion, which it would be,
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์ง€์ƒ ํญ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 9์ธต
20:47
higher than the ninth floor. So you have to be tenth floor or higher,
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์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, 10์ธต ๋˜๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ
20:49
or in the basement.
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ํ”ผ์‹ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
But basically, you've got to get out of town as quickly as possible.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:55
And if you do that,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
20:57
you actually can survive a nuclear blast.
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ํ•ตํญ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
Over the next few days to a week,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฉฐ์น  ํ˜น์€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๊ฐ„
21:03
there will be a radiation cloud,
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:05
again, going with the wind, and settling down
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์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ
21:07
for another 15 or 20 miles out --
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24~32km ์ง€์—ญ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:09
in this case, over Long Island.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋กฑ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์— ๋‚™์ง„์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€์š”.
21:11
And if you're in the direct fallout zone here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋‚™์ง„์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
21:14
you really have to either be sheltered or you have to get out of there,
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๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
21:16
and that's clear. But if you are sheltered,
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๋” ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—
21:19
you can actually survive.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
21:21
The difference between knowing information
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ๋•Œ ์˜ณ์€ ์ฒ˜์‹  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
21:23
of what you're going to do personally,
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์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
21:25
and not knowing information, can save your life,
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์ฃฝ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ด๋ฉฐ
21:27
and it could mean the difference between
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์ด์‚ฌ๋ง์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด
21:29
150,000 to 200,000 fatalities
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15๋งŒ~20๋งŒ๊ณผ
21:31
from something like this
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50๋งŒ~70๋งŒ์˜
21:34
and half a million to 700,000 fatalities.
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์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:37
So, response planning in the twenty-first century
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋น„์ฑ…์€
21:40
is both possible and is essential.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:42
But in 2008, there isn't one single American city
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2008๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•ตํญ๋ฐœ ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ
21:46
that has done effective plans
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๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ
21:48
to deal with a nuclear detonation disaster.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ณณ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:51
Part of the problem is that
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
21:53
the emergency planners themselves, personally,
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๋น„์ƒ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๊ณ„ํš์ž ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋„, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
21:55
are overwhelmed psychologically by the thought
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ํ•ตํญ๋ฐœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žฌ์•™์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์••๋ฐ•์—์„œ
21:57
of nuclear catastrophe.
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๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:59
They are paralyzed.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ๋น„ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:01
You say "nuclear" to them, and they're thinking,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ "ํ•ต"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:03
"Oh my God, we're all gone. What's the point? It's futile."
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"์ด๋Ÿฐ! ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด์ œ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด. ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋„ ๋‹ค ์†Œ์šฉ ์—†์–ด"
22:06
And we're trying to tell them, "It's not futile.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑด ์“ธ๋ฐ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
We can change the survival rates
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
22:10
by doing some commonsensical things."
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์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
22:13
So the goal here is to minimize fatalities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:16
And I just want to leave you with the personal points
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
22:18
that I think you might be interested in.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
22:20
The key to surviving a nuclear blast
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ํ•ตํญ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€
22:22
is getting out,
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๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
22:24
and not going into harm's way.
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
That's basically all we're going to be talking about here.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋…ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:29
And the farther you are away in distance,
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ํญ๋ฐœ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฉด ๋ฉ€์ˆ˜๋ก
22:32
the longer it is in time
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํญ๋ฐœ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
22:34
from the initial blast;
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
22:36
and the more separation between you
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๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
22:38
and the outside atmosphere, the better.
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๋” ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€์š”.
22:40
So separation -- hopefully with dirt or concrete,
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ํ™์ด๋‚˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ˜น์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค ๋“ฑ์—์„œ
22:43
or being in a basement --
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์™ธ๋ถ€์™€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ์ข‹์ง€์š”.
22:45
distance and time is what will save you.
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์ธ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:47
So here's what you do. First of all,
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์ž ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์€
22:49
as I said, don't stare at the light flash,
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๋งํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์„ฌ๊ด‘์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ
22:51
if you can. I don't know you could possibly resist doing that.
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:53
But let's assume, theoretically, you want to do that.
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ํ—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
22:55
You want to keep your mouth open, so your eardrums
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์••์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ง‰์ด ํ„ฐ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ
22:57
don't burst from the pressures.
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์—ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
If you're very close to what happened, you actually do have to duck and cover,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํญ๋ฐœ์— ์ •๋ง ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฒ„ํŠธ - ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด ๋ฒ„ํŠธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
23:03
like Bert told you, Bert the Turtle.
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๋ชธ์„ ์ชผ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:05
And you want to get under something so that you're not injured
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์••์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
23:08
or killed by objects, if that's at all possible.
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์ฑ…์ƒ ๋ฐ‘ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ๋กœ ํ”ผ์‹ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:10
You want to get away from the initial fallout mushroom cloud,
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‚™์ง„ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
23:12
I said, in just a few minutes.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋‚ด์—
23:14
And shelter and place. You want to move [only]
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๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„ํ”ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„
23:17
crosswind for 1.2 miles.
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2 km ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:19
You know, if you're out there and you see buildings horribly destroyed
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์ €์ชฝ์— ๋นŒ๋”ฉ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
23:22
and down in that direction,
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์ด์ชฝ์ด ๋œ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด
23:24
less destroyed here,
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ํญ๋ฐœ ์ง€์ ์ด ์ €์ชฝ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
23:26
then you know that it was over there, the blast, and you're going this way,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
23:28
as long as you're going crosswise to the wind.
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์ด์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์‹ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:32
Once you're out and evacuating,
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๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
23:34
you want to keep as much of your skin,
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๊ฑฐ๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
23:36
your mouth and nose covered, as long as that covering
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๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€, ์ž…, ์ฝ”๋ฅผ
23:38
doesn't impede you moving and getting out of there.
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๊ฐ์‹ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
And finally, you want to get decontaminated as soon as possible.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:44
And if you're wearing clothing, you've taken off your clothing,
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์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์˜ท์„ ๋ฒ—๊ณ 
23:46
you're going to get showered down some place
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๋ชธ์— ๋ฌป์—ˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
23:48
and remove the radiation that would be --
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
23:50
the radioactive material that might be on you.
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์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์”ป์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:53
And then you want to stay in shelter for 48 to 72 hours minimum,
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ 48~72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ
23:57
but you're going to wait hopefully -- you'll have your little wind-up,
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๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์—†์ด ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ
23:59
battery-less radio,
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๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
24:01
and you'll be waiting for people to tell you
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์†กํ• ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€
24:03
when it's safe to go outside. That's what you need to do.
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:05
In conclusion,
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
24:07
nuclear war is less likely than before,
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์ด์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ,
24:09
but by no means out of the question, and it's not survivable.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ์กด์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:12
Nuclear terrorism is possible -- it may be probable --
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ํ•œํŽธ, ํ•ตํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ด๋™์‹
24:15
but is survivable.
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ํ•ตํญํƒ„์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์กด์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:17
And this is Jack Geiger, who's one of the heroes
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณ„์—์„œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ
24:19
of the U.S. public health community.
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์˜์›… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ธ ์žญ ๊ฐ€์ด๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:22
And Jack said the only way to deal
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์žญ์€ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ตํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
24:24
with nuclear anything,
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์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
24:26
whether it's war or terrorism,
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
24:28
is abolition of nuclear weapons.
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:30
And you want something to work on once you've fixed global warming,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„์— ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:33
I urge you to think about the fact that
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๋„์ €ํžˆ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
24:35
we have to do something about this
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๋น„์ธ๋„์ ์ธ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜
24:37
unacceptable, inhumane
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์‹ค์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘ํ•ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
24:39
reality of nuclear weapons
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธธ
24:41
in our world.
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๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:43
Now, this is my favorite civil defense slide, and I --
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์ž ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค~
24:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
24:47
-- I don't want to be indelicate, but
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์™ธ์„ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
24:49
this --
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์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š”
24:51
he's no longer in office. We don't really care, OK.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š์ฃ . ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:54
This was sent to me by somebody
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๋ฏผ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž์ธ
24:56
who is an aficionado of civil defense procedures,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋˜๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:59
but the fact of the matter is that
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ํ•˜์—ฌํŠผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด
25:01
America's gone through a very hard time.
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์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ค์ณ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:03
We've not been focused, we've not done what we had to do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:06
and now we're facing the potential of
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์˜จ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ง€์˜ฅ์œผ๋กœ
25:09
bad, hell on Earth.
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๋Œ๋ณ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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