A concrete idea to reduce CO2 emissions | Karen Scrivener

65,347 views ใƒป 2021-03-04

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Mirjana ฤŒutura
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Anna Ryu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Concrete is the second most used substance on earth after water,
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๊ณ 
00:17
and for this reason,
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
it has a significant environmental impact.
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00:21
If it were a country, it would rank third for emissions after China and USA.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
00:27
But in fact, concrete is an intrinsically low-impact material
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:32
with much lower emissions of CO2 and energy per ton
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ํ†ค๋‹น ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„
00:35
than other materials like iron and steel, even things like bricks.
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์ฒ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์ฒ , ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
But because of the enormous volumes we use overall,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:45
it contributes to about eight percent of man-made CO2 emissions.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์–‘์˜ ์•ฝ 8%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Concrete is an essential material.
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
We need it to house people,
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์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ณ , ๋„๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ, ๋Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:54
to build roads, bridges and dams.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
So we can't do without it,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
but we can significantly reduce its carbon footprint.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์€ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:03
Concrete is held together by cement.
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
And cement we use today, called Portland cement,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ธ ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Š”
01:10
is made by heating together a combination of limestone and clay
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์„ํšŒ์•”๊ณผ ์ง„ํ™์„ ์„ž์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์—
01:15
at a temperature of 1,450 degrees Celsius.
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์„ญ์”จ 1,450๋„์˜ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
But in fact, most of the CO2 emissions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€
01:23
come not from the heating,
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์—ด์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:24
but from the breakdown of limestone, which is calcium carbonate,
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์นผ์Š˜ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ์ธ ์„ํšŒ์•”์„ ์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ(CO2)๋กœ
01:29
into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, or CO2.
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๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Now we can't do without this component altogether,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ฒฝ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
because nothing else is so efficient at holding stuff together.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:41
But we can replace a large proportion of it
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ํฐ ๋ชซ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
with other materials with lighter carbon footprints.
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๋” ์ ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์š”.
01:48
Many colleagues are looking for solutions.
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์ €์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
And here in Switzerland,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”
01:52
we have found that clays produce very reactive materials
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„ํ™์ด ์„ํšŒํ™”๋  ๋•Œ
01:57
when they're calcined,
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์ฆ‰, ์•ฝ 800๋„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•  ๋•Œ
01:58
that's to say heated to around 800 degrees Celsius,
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๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
significantly lower than the 1,450 needed to produce cement.
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์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ 1,450๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์ฃ .
02:07
But more importantly, there's no CO2 emissions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์„ํšŒ์•”์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
02:11
from the decomposition of limestone.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
We then take this calcined clay,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ํšŒํ™”๋œ ์ง„ํ™์—
02:16
and we add a bit of limestone --
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์„ํšŒ์•”์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:18
but this time not heated, so no CO2 emissions --
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ฆ‰ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
02:22
and some cement,
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์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋’ค
02:24
and this combination of limestone, calcined clay and cement, we call LC3.
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์ด ์„ํšŒ์•”๊ณผ ์„ํšŒํ™”๋œ ์ง„ํ™, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ž์€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ LC3๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
02:31
Now this LC3 here
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ LC3๋Š”
02:34
has the same properties as Portland cement.
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ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
It can be produced with the same equipment and processes
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:41
and used in the same way,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:43
but has up to 40 percent lower CO2 emissions.
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CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ 40%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์ฃ .
02:48
And this was demonstrated in this house we built near Jhansi in India,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ž”์‹œ์— ์ง€์€ ์ด ์ง‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด,
02:54
where we could save more than 15 tons of CO2,
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15ํ†ค ์ด์ƒ์˜ CO2๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
which was 30 to 40 percent compared to existing materials.
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๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ 30 ~ 40% ์ •๋„์ฃ .
03:02
So why isn't everybody already using LC3?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ LC3๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:06
Well, cement is a local material.
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์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
The reason Portland cement is so pervasive
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ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋งŒํผ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:12
is that it's produced from the most abundant materials on Earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
03:16
and can be produced in India,
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์ธ๋„์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„
03:18
in the United States, in Ethiopia, almost anywhere.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:24
And we have to work with people locally
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  LC3๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
03:26
to find the best combination of materials to make LC3.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
We have already done full-scale trials in India and Cuba.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๋„์™€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
In Colombia, a product based on this technology
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์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด
03:39
was commercialized a few months ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „ ์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:42
and in the Ivory Coast,
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์•„์ด๋ณด๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:43
the full-scale plant is being commissioned to calcine clays.
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๊ณต์žฅ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„ํšŒํ™” ์ง„ํ™ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
And many of the world's largest cement companies
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
03:51
are looking to introduce this in some of their plants soon.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๊ณง ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ๋ ค์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
So the possibility to replace Portland cement
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ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ
03:59
with a different material --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ,
04:01
but with the same properties, produced in the same processes
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๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •,
04:05
and used in the same way,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
04:07
but with much lighter carbon footprint --
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
04:10
is really crucial to confront climate change
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
because it can be done fast and it can be done on a very large scale
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
with the possibility to eliminate
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๋งค๋…„ 4์–ต ํ†ค์ด์ƒ์˜ CO2๋ฅผ
04:21
more than 400 million tons of CO2 every year.
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:27
So we can't do without concrete,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„  ์•ˆ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:29
but we can do without a significant amount of the emissions it produces.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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