How nationalism and globalism can coexist | Wanis Kabbaj

130,652 views ใƒป 2018-11-13

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Brian Greene Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sujin Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : Minji Kim
00:13
So two weeks ago, I searched the word "nationalist" on Twitter.
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2์ฃผ ์ „, ์ €๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ '๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž' ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
The results were quite colorful,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:19
with expressions like, "Emboldened Racist Moron," --
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"๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž ,"
00:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:24
"White Supremacist Idiot,"
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"๋ฐฑ์ธ์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ ๋ฉ์ฒญ์ด,"
00:26
"Fascist Sock Puppets," --
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"๊ผญ๋‘๊ฐ์‹œ ํŒŒ์‹œ์ŠคํŠธ"
00:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:29
"Orwellian, Hitlerian, Terrifying."
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"์ „์ฒด์ฃผ์˜์ž, ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด, ๋ฌด์„œ์šด" ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:32
I then searched the word "globalist"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ '์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž' ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
and got things like, "Socialist Sell-Outs,"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ "์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ ๋ณ€์ ˆ์ž",
00:37
"Disgusting Corporate Propaganda,"
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"์—ญ๊ฒจ์šด ๊ธฐ์—… ์„ ์ „๊ฐ€",
00:40
"Elitist Financial Overlords,"
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"์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž"
00:43
"Ruthless Cosmopolitan Rats."
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"๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ฅ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†ˆ" ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:45
(Laughter)
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00:47
Even by social media standards, the words are cruel and disgusting.
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ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์ž”์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„์ ˆ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
But they reflect the intensity of one of the most fundamental questions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜
00:56
of our times:
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๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Nationalism or globalism -- what is the best path forward?
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜, ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ธธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:01
This question impacts everything we care about:
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์จ์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:03
our cultural identity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋…์ž์„ฑ,
01:05
our prosperity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์˜,
01:07
our political systems --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ,
01:09
everything -- the health of our planet -- everything.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ, ์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
So on the one hand, we have nationalism.
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Collins defines it as a "devotion to one's nation,"
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์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์Šค๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—Œ์‹ " ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:19
but also, a "doctrine that puts national interests
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"๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ด์ต์„ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์œ„์— ๋†“๋Š”
01:22
above international considerations."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ต๋ฆฌ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:25
For nationalists, our modern societies are built on national grounds:
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”ํƒ• ์œ„์— ์„ธ์›Œ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
01:30
we share a land, a history, a culture, and we defend each other.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ† ์ง€, ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
In a big and chaotic world,
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ํฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ,
01:37
they see nationalism as the only sensible way to maintain social stability.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
But alarmed globalists warn us:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
self-centered nationalism can easily turn ugly.
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์ž๊ธฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ถ”ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
01:49
We've seen it with 20th-century fascisms:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํŒŒ์‹œ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:52
bloody wars, millions of deaths, immeasurable destruction.
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ํ”ผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ธ ์ „์Ÿ, ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ, ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ์š”.
01:57
On the other hand, we have globalism.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
The Oxford Living Dictionary defines it as:
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The Oxford Living Dictionary์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
02:02
"the operation or planning of economic and foreign policy
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"๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ
02:05
on a global basis."
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์ž‘์ „์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ„ํš".
02:07
For nationalists, globalism is rapidly deconstructing
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด
02:11
what our ancestors took decades to build.
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๋ช‡์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
It's like spitting on our soldiers' tombs;
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์•„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์— ์นจ์„ ๋ฑ‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ,
02:16
it's eroding our national solidarities
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•จ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:19
and opening the doors to foreign invasions.
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์นจ์ž…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
But globalists make the case that reinforcing our global governance
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:27
is the only way to tackle big supernational problems,
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ํฐ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
like nuclear proliferation,
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ,
02:34
the global refugee crisis,
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๊ตญ์ œ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ฌธ์ œ,
02:36
climate change or terrorism
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์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐํ›„์™€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ,
02:38
or even the consequences of superhuman AI.
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ํ˜น์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ดˆ์ธ์ ์ธ AI์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:42
So we are at the crossroads,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋ฆผ๊ธธ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:45
and we are asked to choose:
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์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
02:46
nationalism or globalism?
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ƒ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ƒ?
02:51
Having lived in four continents,
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4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ,
02:52
I've always been interested in this question.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
But it took a whole new level when I saw this happening:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž„์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
the biggest surge in nationalist votes in Western democracies
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ 2์ฐจ ์ดํ›„๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด
03:03
since World War II.
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์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
All of a sudden, this isn't theory anymore.
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๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:08
I mean, these political movements have built their success with ideas
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์šด๋™์ด ์žฅ์ฐจ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š”
03:12
that could mean, down the road, losing my French citizenship
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๋ผ
03:15
because I'm North African
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:17
or not being able to come back home to the US
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์ €์˜ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:19
because I come from a Muslim-majority country.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์šด๋™์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
You know, when you live in a democracy,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์†์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:25
you live with this idea that your government will always protect you,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
as long as you abide by the laws.
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๋ฒ•์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ํ•œ์—๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:31
With the rise of national populism,
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๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
03:34
despite being the best citizen I can,
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๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
03:36
I now have to live with the idea that my government can hurt me
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๋‚˜์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
03:40
for reasons I cannot control.
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
It's very unsettling.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
But it forced me to rethink
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†
03:46
and rethink this question and try to think deeper.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And the more I thought about it,
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ์ˆ˜๋ก,
03:51
the more I started questioning the question.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:54
Why would we have to choose between nationalism and globalism,
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ,
03:57
between loving our country and caring for the world?
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:02
There's no reason for that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
We don't have to choose between family and country
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ,
04:05
or region or religion and country.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
We already have multiple identities, and we live with them very well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Why would we have to choose between country and world?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:16
What if, instead of accepting this absurd choice,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์—, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋Œ€์‹ 
04:19
we took it on ourselves to fight this dangerous, binary thinking?
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ถ„์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹ธ์›Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
04:24
So for all the globalists in the audience,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ด€๊ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜
04:27
I want to ask:
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
When I say the word "nationalist," what image comes to your mind?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ '๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:33
Something like this?
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:34
Believe me, I think of that, too.
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์ € ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
But I'd like you to remember that for most people,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
04:39
nationalism feels more like this.
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๋Š๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„, ํ˜น์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:42
Or maybe like that.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
You know, it's that thing inside you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์•ˆ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
when you accidentally watch an obscure Olympic sport on TV --
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ TV์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
04:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:53
wait --
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”,
04:54
and the mere sight of an unknown athlete wearing your national colors
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์˜ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™”์„ ๋•Œ
04:58
gets you all excited.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Your heartbeat goes up,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐ•๋™์€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ,
05:01
your stress level goes up,
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๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ ,
05:03
and you're standing in front of the TV
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  TV ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— ์„œ์„œ
05:05
and screaming with passion for that athlete to win.
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๊ทธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์Šนํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์—ด์ •์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
05:08
That's nationalism.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
It's people happy to be together,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜์ผ ๋•Œ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:11
happy to belong to a large national community.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ์†Œ์†๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
Why would it be wrong?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:17
You know, globalists, you may think of nationalism
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€
05:19
as an old, 19th-century idea that is destined to fade.
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ํ‡ด์ƒ‰ํ•  ์šด๋ช…์˜ ๋‚ก๊ณ  19์„ธ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
But I'm sorry to tell you that the facts are not on your side.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํŽธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
When the World Values Survey asked more than 89,000 people
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World Values Survey๊ฐ€ 60๊ฐœ๊ตญ์˜
05:31
across 60 countries
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89,000๋ช…๋„ ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:33
how proud they felt about their country,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:36
88.5 percent said "very proud" or "quite proud" --
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88.5%๊ฐ€ "์•„์ฃผ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค." ํ˜น์€ "๊ฝค ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
88.5 percent.
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88.5% ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Nationalism is not going away anytime soon.
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋””๋ก ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
It's a powerful feeling that, according to another study,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด๊ณ 
05:49
is a strong predictor of individual happiness.
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ˆ์–ธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
It's crazy, but your happiness is more correlated with national satisfaction
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๋ฏธ์นœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์— ๋” ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
than with things you would expect, like household income
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด๋‚˜
06:01
or your job satisfaction
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์ง์—…์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋‚˜,
06:03
or your health satisfaction.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
So if nationalism makes people happy,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:08
why would anybody take it away from them?
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์™œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋นผ์•—์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:11
Fellow globalists, if you are like me,
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์นœ์• ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:14
you may be attached to globalization for humanistic reasons.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์• ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์— ์ด๋Œ๋ฆฌ์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And you may take great joy in some of its accomplishments since 1945.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ 1945๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํฐ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์–ป์œผ์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
After all, major regions of the world have been exceptionally peaceful;
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ณ ,
06:26
extreme poverty rates around the globe are trending down;
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์œจ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋ฉฐ,
06:30
and more than two billion people, most notably in Asia,
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์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ, 20์–ต๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:33
show spectacular improvements in their standards of living.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
But studies also show that globalization has a dark side.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
And left on the side of the road
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์ธก๋ฉด์—๋Š”
06:44
are hundreds of millions of people in Western middle classes
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์ˆ˜์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:48
with anemic income growth for more than two decades,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ,
06:51
possibly three decades, according to some studies.
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ํ˜น์€ 30๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์†Œ๋“์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
We cannot ignore this elephant in our room.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
06:57
If anything, our collective energy would be better used
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”
06:59
finding ways to fix this aspect of globalization,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
instead of fighting this polarizing battle against nationalism.
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€์˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
So now, the nationalists in the audience,
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ด์‹  ๊ด€๊ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
07:10
I have some crusty, nonbinary nuggets for you.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์ด์›ํ™”์ ์ธ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:16
When I say the word "globalist," what comes to your mind?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ '์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:19
Out-of-touch, one-percent plutocrats?
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์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ, ์•„๋‹˜ 1%์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž์š”?
07:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:23
Or maybe the heartless, greedy Wall Street type, right?
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ํ˜น์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๋ฌด์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์š•์‹ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ํ˜•์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”, ๋งž๋‚˜์š”?
07:26
Or maybe people like me, with multiple origins,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ถœ์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„,
07:28
living in a big, cosmopolitan metropolis.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Well, you remember that World Values Survey that I mentioned earlier?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ํ˜น์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ World Values Survey๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:36
It showed another fascinating finding:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
07:39
71 percent of the world population agreed with the statement,
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71%์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:43
"I am a citizen of the world."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๋‹ค."
07:45
Do you know what it means?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์–ผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:47
Most of us are simultaneously proud of our country
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:50
and citizens of the world.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ž„์„ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
And it gets even better.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
The citizens of the world in the survey show a higher level of national pride
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์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ ๋‹ตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ช…์นญ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
07:58
than the ones that rejected that label.
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๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
So once and for all, being a globalist doesn't mean betraying your country.
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์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:04
It just means that you have enough social empathy,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ณ ,
08:06
and you project some of it outside your national borders.
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์ž๊ตญ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์ผ๋“ค์—๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:11
Now, I know that when I dig into my own nationalist feelings,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:14
one of my anxieties versus the globalized world
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ™” ๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
08:17
is national identity:
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
How are we going to preserve what makes us special,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
08:22
what makes us different,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
08:24
what brings us together?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:25
And as I started thinking about it, I realized something really strange,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์•„์ฃผ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
which is that a lot of the key ingredients of our national identities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ํŠน์ง•์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋งŽ์€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€
08:33
actually come from outside our national borders.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋„˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
Like, think of the letters that we use every day.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:39
I don't know if you realize,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:41
but the Latin script, the Latin alphabet that we use
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด ๋ฌธ์ž, ๋ผํ‹ด ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์€
08:44
has its origins thousands of years ago,
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๋Œ€๋žต ์ฒœ๋…„์ „
08:47
near the Nile River.
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๋‚˜์ผ๊ฐ• ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์›ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
It all started with a cow just like this,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:52
that was captured by a scribe into an elegant hieroglyph.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šฐ์•„ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
That hieroglyph was transcribed by a Semite in the Sinai
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์ด ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์…ˆ์กฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด
09:00
into the letter aleph.
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๊ธ€์ž '์•Œ๋ฆฌํ”„'๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Aleph traveled with Phoenicians and reached the European shores in Greece,
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์•Œ๋ฆฌํ”„๋Š” ํŽ˜๋‹ˆํ‚ค์•„์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํ•ด์•ˆ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:08
where it became alpha,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:09
the mother of our letter A.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ A์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
So that's how an Egyptian cow became our letter A.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ A๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:16
And same thing with the Egyptian house that became bet, beta and B.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์ง‘์ด ๋ฒณ, ๋ฒ ํƒ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  B๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
And the Egyptian fish that became daleth, delta and D.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์ƒ์„ ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ˆํŠธ, ๋ธํƒ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  D๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:27
Our most fundamental texts are full of Egyptian cows,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ธ€๋“ค์€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์†Œ์™€,
09:31
houses and fish.
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์ง‘๊ณผ, ์ƒ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:34
And there are so many other examples.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Take the United Kingdom and its monarchy.
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
09:39
Queen Elizabeth II?
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์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค 2์„ธ ์—ฌ์™•์€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
09:41
German ancestry.
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๋…์ผ ํ˜ˆํ†ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
The mottos on the royal coat of arms?
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์˜๊ตญ ์™•์‹ค ๊ตญ์žฅ์˜ ์ œ๊ตฌ์š”?
09:45
All written in French, not a single word of English.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋กœ ์ ํ˜€์žˆ๊ณ , ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
Take France and it's iconic Eiffel Tower.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์ง• ์—ํŽ ํƒ‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
09:52
The inspiration?
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์˜๊ฐ์ด์š”?
09:54
The United States of America --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค-
09:56
and I don't mean Las Vegas,
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๋ผ์Šค ๋ฒ ์ด๊ฑฐ์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”,
09:58
I mean 19th-century New York.
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์ œ ๋ง์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‰ด์š•์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:00
This was the tallest building in New York in the mid-19th century.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Does it remind you of something?
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์„ธ์š”?
10:07
And you may think of China as a self-contained civilization,
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„,
10:10
protected behind its Great Wall.
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๋งŒ๋ฆฌ์žฅ์„ฑ ๋’ค์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
But think twice.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:14
The Chinese official ideology?
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด์š”?
10:16
Marxism, made in Germany.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์Šค์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
One of China's biggest religions?
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ข…๊ต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
10:21
Buddhism, imported from India.
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์ธ๋„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„˜์–ด์˜จ ๋ถˆ๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
India's favorite pastime?
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์ธ๋„์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฝ์ด์š”?
10:26
Cricket.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์ผ“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
I really love this quote from Ashis Nandy,
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์ €๋Š” Ashis Nandy๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์ด ์–ด๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
who said, "Cricket is an Indian game accidentally discovered by the British."
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"ํฌ๋ฆฌ์ผ“์€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋†€์ด์ด๋‹ค."
10:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:37
So these are good reminders that a lot of what we love in our national traditions
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ด
10:43
actually come from previous waves of globalization.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„์™”์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
And beyond individual symbols, there are whole national traditions
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์„ ๋„˜์–ด
10:50
that could not have existed without globalization.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™” ์—†์ด๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „ํ†ต๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:54
And the example that comes to my mind is a world-beloved national tradition:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต
10:58
Italian cuisine.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์š”๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
My friends, if you ever have a chance
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์นœ์• ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
11:01
to go to a superauthentic Italian restaurant
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์•„์ฃผ ์ •ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:04
that only serves ancient Roman recipes,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์˜ค์ง ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ ˆ์‹œํ”ผ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:07
my advice for you is: don't go.
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”."
11:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:11
You'd get very, very disappointed.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์‹ค๋งํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
No spaghetti, no pasta --
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์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
11:15
that really started in Sicily in the eighth century,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ 8์„ธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์น ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:18
when it was under Arabian rule.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์•„๋ž์˜ ํ†ต์น˜ ํ•˜์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
No perfect espresso, no creamy cappuccino --
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์—์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์†Œ๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์นดํ‘ธ์น˜๋…ธ๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
that came from Abyssinia via Yemen in the 17th century.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ 17์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ฌํ•ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
And of course, no perfect pizza Napoletana --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ ํ”ผ์ž๋„ ์—†๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:29
how would you make it without the tomatoes of the New World?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์—†์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:33
No, instead, you would be served probably a lot of porridge,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์•„๋งˆ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜คํŠธ๋ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ณผ,
11:37
some vegetable -- mostly cabbage -- some cheese,
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์ฑ„์†Œ(๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์–‘๋ฐฐ์ถ”์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.), ์น˜์ฆˆ,
11:41
and maybe if you're lucky,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์šด์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:43
the absolute delicacy of that time --
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๊ทธ ์‹์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ง„๋ฏธ์ธ
11:46
mmm, perfectly cooked fattened dormice.
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์Œ...์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ตํžŒ ์‚ด์ฐ ์ฅ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง›๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:52
Thankfully, it was not a close tradition preserved by fanatic watchdogs.
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๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์‹œ๊ฒฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์กด๋œ ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:56
No, it was an open process,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
11:58
nourished by explorers, traders, street sellers and innovative home cooks.
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ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€, ์ƒ์ธ, ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ๋งค์›, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ • ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๋ผ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
And in many ways, globalization is a chance
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ „ํ†ต์ด
12:06
for our national traditions to be questioned, regenerated, reinterpreted,
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ , ์žฌํ•ด์„๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
to attract new converts to stay vibrant and relevant over time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ๋†’์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ์ข…์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
So just remember this:
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค:
12:17
most of us nationalists in the world are globalists,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์ด๊ณ ,
12:20
and most of us globalists in the world are nationalists.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
A lot of what we like in our national traditions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ†ต๋“ค์€
12:26
come from outside our national borders.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
And the reason we venture outside our national borders
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ–์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
12:31
is to discover these other national traditions.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
So the real question should not be
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
12:35
to choose between nationalism and globalism.
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
The real questions is: How can we do both better?
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
12:41
It's a complex question for a complex world
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋น„์ด์›ํ™”์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”,
12:44
that calls for creative, nonbinary solutions.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ ์†์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
What are you waiting for?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:49
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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