The hidden opportunities of the informal economy | Niti Bhan

76,540 views ・ 2017-12-11

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Eunkyung Lee κ²€ν† : Bill Kil
00:12
The informal markets of Africa are stereotypically seen
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 비곡식 μ‹œμž₯은 λΆ€μ£Όμ˜ν•˜κ³  ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ½λ‹€λŠ”
00:16
as chaotic and lackadaisical.
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고정관념이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
The downside of hearing the word "informal"
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"비곡식" μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
00:21
is this automatic grand association we have,
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맀우 뢀정적인 연상을
00:24
which is very negative,
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μžλ™μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌμœΌν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” 단점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
and it's had significant consequences and economic losses,
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이것은 μ‹œμž₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄ μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ 경제적 결과와 손싀이 λ˜λŠ”λ°,
00:30
easily adding -- or subtracting -- 40 to 60 percent of the profit margin
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비곡식 μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œλ§Œ 40μ—μ„œ 60%의
이읡이 μ‰½κ²Œ λ”ν•΄μ§€κ±°λ‚˜ λΉ μ§€λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
00:36
for the informal markets alone.
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00:39
As part of a task of mapping the informal trade ecosystem,
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비곡식 λ¬΄μ—­μ˜ μƒνƒœ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ˜ μΌν™˜μœΌλ‘œ
00:43
we've done an extensive literature review
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 동 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ κ΅­κ²½ κ°„ 무역에 λŒ€ν•œ
00:46
of all the reports and research on cross-border trade in East Africa,
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λͺ¨λ“  λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ™€ 연ꡬ듀을 보며
κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ λ¬Έν—Œμ‘°μ‚¬λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
going back 20 years.
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00:52
This was to prepare us for fieldwork to understand what was the problem,
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 무엇이 λ¬Έμ œμΈμ§€, 무엇이 비곡식 λΆ€λ¬Έμ—μ„œ
00:57
what was holding back informal trade in the informal sector.
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비곡식 μ‹œμž₯을 μ €μ§€ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν˜„μž₯쑰사λ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
What we discovered over the last 20 years was,
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κ³Όκ±° 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은
01:05
nobody had distinguished between illicit --
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아무도 비곡식 λΆ€λ¬Έμ—μ„œ
λ°€λ°˜μž…μ΄λ‚˜ λ°€μˆ˜ν’ˆ 같은 λΆˆλ²•μ„
01:09
which is like smuggling or contraband in the informal sector --
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01:13
from the legal but unrecorded,
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ν† λ§ˆν† , μ˜€λ Œμ§€, 과일 같이
ν•©λ²•μ΄μ§€λ§Œ 기둝이 남지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것과 κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
such as tomatoes, oranges, fruit.
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01:19
This criminalization --
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이런 λΆˆλ²•ν™” --
01:22
what in Swahili refers to as "biashara," which is the trade or the commerce,
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μŠ€μ™€νžλ¦¬μ–΄λ‘œ "비아샀라biashara"λŠ” λ¬΄μ—­μ΄λ‚˜ 상업을 λœ»ν•˜λŠ” 반면
01:27
versus "magendo," which is the smuggling or contraband --
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"λ§ˆκ²λ„magendo"λŠ” λ°€λ°˜μž…μ΄λ‚˜ λ°€μˆ˜ν’ˆμ„ λœ»ν•˜μ§€μš”.
01:30
this criminalization of the informal sector,
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 이런 면을 κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ―€λ‘œ,
01:34
in English, by not distinguishing between these aspects,
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이런 비곡식 λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ λΆˆλ²•ν™”λŠ”
01:38
easily can cost each African economy between 60 to 80 percent addition
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각 아프리카 경제 μ—°κ°„ GDP μ„±μž₯λ₯ μ—μ„œ
60-80%λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€λ‘œ μžƒκ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
on the annual GDP growth rate,
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01:46
because we are not recognizing the engine
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 경제λ₯Ό 살리고 μžˆλŠ”
01:50
of what keeps the economies running.
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원동λ ₯λ₯Ό μΈμ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:52
The informal sector is growing jobs at four times the rate
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비곡식 뢀문은 전톡적인 곡식 κ²½μ œλ‚˜
01:56
of the traditional formal economy,
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"ν˜„λŒ€μ˜" κ²½μ œλ³΄λ‹€ 4λ°°λ‚˜ 더 λ§Žμ€
01:58
or "modern" economy, as many call it.
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일자리λ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
It offers employment and income generation opportunities
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이것은 고용과 μˆ˜μž…μ°½μΆœμ˜ 기회λ₯Ό
02:04
to the most "unskilled" in conventional disciplines.
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ 받은 "μˆ™λ ¨λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€" μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
But can you make a french fry machine out of an old car?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 였래된 μžλ™μ°¨λ‘œ ν”„λ ŒμΉ˜ 후라이 기계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:12
So, this, ladies and gentlemen,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
02:15
is what so desperately needs to be recognized.
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이것이 이 비곡식 뢀문이 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μΈμ •λ˜μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
As long as the current assumptions hold that this is criminal,
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이것이 λ²”μ£„λΌλŠ”,
싀체가 μ—†λ‹€λŠ”,
02:23
this is shadow,
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02:24
this is illegal,
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λΆˆλ²•μ΄λΌλŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 좔츑듀이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” ν•œμ€
02:26
there will be no attempt at integrating the informal economic ecosystem
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비곡식 경제 μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό 곡식 κ²½μ œλ‚˜ 세계 κ²½μ œμ™€
02:30
with the formal or even the global one.
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ν†΅ν•©μ‹œν‚€λ €λŠ” μ‹œλ„λŠ” 없을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
I'm going to tell you a story of Teresia,
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ν…Œλ ˆμ‹œμ•„μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
a trader who overturned all our assumptions,
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ν…Œλ ˆμ‹œμ•„λŠ” 우리의 λͺ¨λ“  좔츑을 λ’€μ§‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
made us question all the stereotypes that we'd gone in on,
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20λ…„ κ°„μ˜ λ¬Έν—Œ 쑰사λ₯Ό 톡해 발견된
λͺ¨λ“  νŽΈκ²¬λ“€μ— μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
based on 20 years of literature review.
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02:49
Teresia sells clothes under a tree in a town called Malaba,
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ν…Œλ ˆμ‹œμ•„λŠ” 말라바라고 λΆˆλ¦¬μš°λŠ” μš°κ°„λ‹€μ™€ μΌ€λƒμ˜ κ΅­κ²½μ§€μ—­μ˜ λ§ˆμ„μ˜
02:55
on the border of Uganda and Kenya.
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ν•œ λ‚˜λ¬΄ λ°‘μ—μ„œ μ˜·μ„ νŒλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
You think it's very simple, don't you?
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ꡉμž₯히 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 일 같지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
03:00
We'll go hang up new clothes from the branches,
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λ‚˜λ­‡κ°€μ§€μ— μƒˆ μ˜·λ“€μ„ κ±Έκ³ ,
03:03
put out the tarp, settle down, wait for customers,
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λ°©μˆ˜μ²œμ„ 내놓고 자리λ₯Ό μž‘μ€ ν›„, 고객듀을 κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬μ§€μš”.
03:06
and there we have it.
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ° 고객이 μ˜€μ§€μš”.
03:07
She was everything we were expecting according to the literature,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¬Έν—Œμ΄λ‚˜ 연ꡬ듀을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 얻은
03:11
to the research,
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쑰사결과와 λ”± λ§žμ•„ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” μΈλ¬Όμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:12
right down to she was a single mom driven to trade,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 미혼λͺ¨λ‘œ μžμ‹λ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄
무역업에 λ›°μ–΄λ“  μ „ν˜•μ μΈ μΌ€μ΄μŠ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
supporting her kids.
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03:19
So what overturned our assumptions?
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그럼 무엇이 우리의 좔츑을 λ’€μ§‘μ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:21
What surprised us?
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무엇이 우리λ₯Ό λ†€λΌκ²Œ ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:23
First, Teresia paid the county government market fees
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첫째둜, ν…Œλ ˆμ‹œμ•„λŠ” μΉ΄μš΄ν‹° 정뢀에 맀번 μΌν•˜λŠ” λ‚ λ§ˆλ‹€
03:27
every single working day
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λ‚˜λ¬΄ λ°‘μ—μ„œ μž₯μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉκΆŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ
03:28
for the privilege of setting up shop under her tree.
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μ‹œμž₯ 수수료λ₯Ό μ§€λΆˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
She's been doing it for seven years,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 7λ…„λ™μ•ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 수수료λ₯Ό μ§€λΆˆν•΄ 였고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
and she's been getting receipts.
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그리고 그것에 λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μˆ˜μ¦λ„ λ°›μ•„ μ™”κ³ ,
03:36
She keeps records.
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그것을 기둝으둜 남기고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
We're seeing not a marginal,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 수읡이 μ—†λŠ”,
03:41
underprivileged,
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μ†Œμ™Έλœ κ³„μΈ΅μ˜
03:42
vulnerable African woman trader by the side of the road -- no.
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λ„λ‘œκ°€μ— μžˆλŠ” μ•½ν•œ 아프리카 μ—¬μ„± 상인을 보고 μžˆλ‚˜μš”? -- μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
We were seeing somebody who's keeping sales records for years;
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ±°λž˜λ‚΄μ—­μ„ μˆ˜λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 기둝으둜 남기고 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ,
03:52
somebody who had an entire ecosystem of retail that comes in from Uganda
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재고λͺ©λ‘μ„ μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μš°κ°„λ‹€μ—μ„œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ”
μ†Œλ§€μ˜ μ „ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ,
03:58
to pick up inventory;
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04:01
someone who's got handcarts bringing the goods in,
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λ¬Όν’ˆμ„ λ“€μ—¬μ˜€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ†μˆ˜λž˜λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ,
04:05
or the mobile money agent who comes to collect cash
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μ˜€ν›„ 늦게 ν˜„κΈˆμ„ 걷으러 μ˜€λŠ” 이동식 κΈˆμ „ 쀑계상을
04:08
at the end of the evening.
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보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Can you guess how much Teresia spends, on average,
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νƒ€λ ˆμ‹œμ•„κ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μž¬κ³ ν’ˆμ„
04:13
each month on inventory --
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λ‚˜μ΄λ‘œλΉ„μ—μ„œ λ“€μ—¬μ˜€λŠ”λ°μ—
04:16
stocks of new clothes that she gets from Nairobi?
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맀달 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ“°λŠ”μ§€ μ§μž‘ν•  수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
04:19
One thousand five hundred US dollars.
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λ―Έν™”λ‘œ μ²œμ˜€λ°±λ‹¬λŸ¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
That's around 20,000 US dollars invested in trade goods and services
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이것은 μƒν’ˆκ³Ό μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ— λ―Έν™” μ΄λ§Œλ‹¬λŸ¬ 정도가 맀년 투자되고
04:27
every year.
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μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
This is Teresia,
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ν…Œλ ˆμ‹œμ•„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
the invisible one,
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보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ—¬μ„±.
04:32
the hidden middle.
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감좰진 μ€‘κ°„μž.
04:34
And she's only the first rung of the small entrepreneurs,
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그리고 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이런 μ‹œμž₯ λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ 사업가듀,
04:38
the micro-businesses that can be found in these market towns.
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μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 사업듀 쀑, 첫 단계에 μžˆμ„ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
At least in the larger Malaba border, she's at the first rung.
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적어도 말라바 κ²½κ³„μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 첫번째 단계에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
The people further up the value chain
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더 멀리 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
04:51
are easily running three lines of business,
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μ„Έ 개의 사업도 μ‰½κ²Œ μš΄μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
investing 2,500 to 3,000 US dollars every month.
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λ―Έν™”λ‘œ 2,500μ—μ„œ 3000λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό 맀달 νˆ¬μžν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
04:59
So the problem turned out that it wasn't the criminalization;
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λΆˆλ²•ν™”μ— μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
05:03
you can't really criminalize someone you're charging receipts from.
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μ˜μˆ˜μ¦μ„ λ°›κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 죄λ₯Ό μ”ŒμšΈ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
05:08
It's the lack of recognition of their skilled occupations.
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그것은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μˆ™λ ¨λœ 직업에 λŒ€ν•œ 인식이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
The bank systems and structures have no means to recognize them
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은행 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ”
그듀을 μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ μ‚¬μ—…μœΌλ‘œ 인정할 수 μ—†κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:19
as micro-businesses,
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05:20
much less the fact that, you know,
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ‚˜λ¬΄λŠ” 배솑 μ£Όμ†Œλ„
05:23
her tree doesn't have a forwarding address.
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μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것은 말할 것도 μ—†κ΅¬μš”.
05:25
So she's trapped in the middle.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλƒ₯ 쀑간에 λΌμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:28
She's falling through the cracks of our assumptions.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 우리 μ§μž‘μ˜ ν‹ˆμƒˆλ‘œ λΉ μ Έλ‚˜κ°€κ³  있죠.
05:30
You know all those microloans to help African women traders?
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어렀뢄듀은 아프리카 μ—¬μ„± 상인듀을 λ•κΈ°μœ„ν•œ μ†Œμ•‘μœ΅μžλ₯Ό μ•„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:34
They're going to loan her 50 dollars or 100 dollars.
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그듀은 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ 50-100λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λΉŒλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
What's she going to do with it?
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κ·Έκ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
05:39
She spends 10 times that amount every month
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έ 돈의 10λ°°λ₯Ό
05:41
just on inventory --
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맀달 재고λͺ…λΆ€μ—λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
05:43
we're not talking about the additional services
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 좔가적인 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ‚˜
05:45
or the support ecosystem.
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μƒνƒœκ³„μ§€μ›μ„ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
These are the ones who fit neither the policy stereotype
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ •μ±…μ˜ 고정관념 μ†μ—μ„œ
05:51
of the low-skilled and the marginalized,
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μ €μˆ™λ ¨μ˜ μ†Œμ™Έλœ 계측에도 μ†ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³ ,
05:53
nor the white-collar, salaried office worker
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월급을 λ°›λŠ” 사무직에도 μ†ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
or civil servant with a pension
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μ€‘κ°„κ³„μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ 주둜 이루어진
05:58
that the middle classes are allegedly composed of.
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μ—°κΈˆμ„ λ°›λŠ” 곡무원도 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
06:02
Instead, what we have here are the proto-SMEs
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λŒ€μ‹ , 이듀은 졜초의 μ€‘μ†ŒκΈ°μ—…(SME)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
these are the fertile seeds of businesses and enterprises
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이듀은 사업과 κΈ°μ—…λ“€μ˜ 엔진을
06:10
that keep the engines running.
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계속 μž‘λ™μ‹œμΌœμ£ΌλŠ” μ”¨μ•—μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
They put food on your table.
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그듀은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 식탁에 μŒμ‹μ„ μ˜¬λ €λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
Even here in this hotel, the invisible ones --
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심지어 μ—¬κΈ° 이 ν˜Έν…”μ—λ„ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 있죠.
06:17
the butchers, the bakers the candlestick makers --
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μ •μœ‘μ‚¬, μ œλΉ΅μ‚¬, μ΄›λŒ€ μ œμ‘°μ‚¬ --
06:20
they make the machines that make your french fries
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그듀은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ ν›„λ ŒμΉ˜ 후라이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 기계λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ³ ,
06:23
and they make your beds.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μΉ¨λŒ€λ₯Ό μ œμ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
These are the invisible businesswomen trading across borders,
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이것듀은 λͺ¨λ“  λ„λ‘œλ³€μ—μ„œ κ΅­κ²½κ°„ 무역을 ν•˜λŠ”
보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ—¬μ„±μ‚¬μ—…κ°€λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
all on the side of the road,
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06:31
and so they're invisible to data gatherers.
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이듀은 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘κ°€λ“€μ—κ²Œ λˆˆμ— 띄지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
And they're mashed together with the vast informal sector
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λŒ€μ‹  이듀은 λ°€μˆ˜μ—…μž, νƒˆμ„Έμž, λΆˆλ²•μžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
06:38
that doesn't bother to distinguish between smugglers and tax evaders
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비곡식 λΆ€λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ ν•¨κ»˜ 집어 λ„£μ–΄ λ²„λ €μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
and those running illegal whatnot,
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μŒμ‹μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μžλ…€λ“€μ„ κ΅μœ‘μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 여성상인듀을
06:46
and the ladies who trade,
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06:48
and who put food on the table and send their kids to university.
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κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯μ‘°μ°¨ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  말이죠.
06:52
So that's really what I'm asking here.
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이것이 μ§„μ§œ μ œκ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
That's all that we need to start by doing.
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¨Όμ € μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
Can we start by recognizing the skills, the occupations?
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κ·Έ κΈ°λŸ‰κ³Ό 직업을 μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:03
We could transform the informal economy by beginning with this recognition
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 비곡식 경제λ₯Ό μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³ ,
그듀이 κ³΅μ‹κ²½μ œ, 세계 경제,
07:08
and then designing the customized doorways for them to enter
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전체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 속에 ν†΅ν•©λ˜κ±°λ‚˜
07:12
or integrate with the formal,
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λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ§žμΆ€ν˜• 길을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것을 μ‹œμž‘μœΌλ‘œ
07:15
with the global,
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07:16
with the entire system.
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비곡식 경제λ₯Ό λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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