Richard Preston: Climbing the world's biggest trees

44,741 views ใƒป 2008-12-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jiyoon Jung ๊ฒ€ํ† : KwangMin Lee
00:18
The north coast of California has rainforests --
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ถ๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
temperate rainforests -- where it can rain more than 100 inches a year.
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์˜จ๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 100์ธ์น˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
00:28
This is the realm of the Coast Redwood tree.
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์ด๊ณณ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‚ฐ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Its species name is Sequoia sempervirens.
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์ข…๋ช…(็จฎๅ)์€ '์„ธ์ฝฐ์ด์•„'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Sequoia sempervirens is the tallest living organism on Earth.
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'์„ธ์ฝฐ์ด์•„'๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
The range of the species goes up to as much as 380 feet tall.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” 380ํ”ผํŠธ(์•ฝ 115.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ) ๋†’์ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
That's 38 stories tall.
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38์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ๋†’์ด์ฃ .
00:46
These are trees that would stand out in midtown Manhattan.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ˆˆ์— ํ™• ๋Œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Nobody knows how old the oldest living Coast Redwoods are
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
because nobody has ever drilled into any of them
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๋‚˜์ดํ…Œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ณ ์ž
00:56
to count their annual growth rings, and, in any case,
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๋“œ๋ฆด๋กœ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋šซ์–ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋“ 
00:59
the centers of the oldest individuals appear to be hollow.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋น„์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
But it's believed that the oldest living Redwoods
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š”
01:06
are perhaps 2,500 years old -- roughly the age of the Parthenon --
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์•ฝ 2,500์‚ด ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฅดํ…Œ๋…ผ(๊ธฐ์›์ „ 438๋…„์— ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์— ์„ธ์›Œ์ง„ ์‹ ์ „)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜์ด์ฃ .
01:12
although it's also suspected that there may be individual trees
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š”
01:15
that are older than that.
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๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
01:17
You can see the range of the Coast Redwoods. It's here, in red.
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ . ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ถ‰๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
The largest individuals of this species,
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์ด ์ข…์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠน๋Œ€๊ธ‰๋“ค์€
01:23
the dreadnoughts of their kind, live just on the north coast of California,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ถ๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ˆ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
where the rain is really intense.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
01:31
In recent historic times, about 96 percent of the Coast Redwood forest
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฝค ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ด ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์˜ 96%๊ฐ€
01:37
was cut down, especially in a series of bursts of intense liquidation logging,
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์ž˜๋ ค ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, 1970๋…„ ~ 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฐœ๋ฒŒ(็š†ไผ)์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:44
clear-cutting that took place in the 1970s through the early 1990s.
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๊ฐœ๋ฒŒ์ด๋ž€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊น€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Even so, about four percent of the primeval Redwood rainforest remains intact,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋žต 4%์ •๋„์˜ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์›์‹œ๋ฆผ์€
01:58
wild and now protected -- entirely protected --
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์ „ํ˜€ ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์›์‹œ์šฐ๋ฆผ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์„œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
in a chain of small parks strung out like pearls
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๋ ˆ๋“œ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ด ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์›์‹œ๋ฆผ๊ณต์›๋“ค์€
02:05
along the north coast of California, including Redwood National Park.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ถํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง„์ฃผ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
But curiously, Redwood rainforests, the fragments that we have left,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ณต์›๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„
02:14
to this day remain under-explored.
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๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:17
Redwood rainforest is incredibly difficult to move through,
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์›์‹œ๋ฆผ์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
and even today, individual trees are being discovered
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜
02:25
that have never been seen before, including, in the summer of 2006,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2006๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š”
02:29
Hyperion, the world's tallest tree.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฐ 'ํ•˜์ดํŽ˜๋ฆฌ์–ธ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
I'm going to do a little Gedanken experiment.
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'Gedanken'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:35
I'm going to ask you to imagine what a Redwood really is as a living organism.
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ธ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:39
And, Chris, if I could have you up here? I have a tape measure.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ข€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ค„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
It's a kind loaner from TED.
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TED์—์„œ ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:49
And Chris, if you could take the end of that tape measure?
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์ค„์ž ๊ทธ์ชฝ ๋์„ ์žก์•„ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
02:53
We're going to show you what the diameter
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ํฐ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์Šด ๋†’์ด์—์„œ
02:55
at breast height of a big Redwood is.
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Unfortunately, this tape isn't long enough -- it's only a 25-foot tape.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์ค„์ž๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์งง๋„ค์š”. 25ํ”ผํŠธ(7.62๋ฏธํ„ฐ) ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”.
03:07
Chris, could you extend your arm out that way? There we go. OK.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ํŒ”์„ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํŽผ์ณ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ์˜ˆ, ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And maybe about here, about 30 feet, is the diameter of a big Redwood.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด ์ •๋„, 30ํ”ผํŠธ(9.14๋ฏธํ„ฐ) ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Now, let your imagination go upward into space.
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์ด์ œ ์ข€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:23
Think about this tree, rising upward into Redwood space, 325 feet,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ 325ํ”ผํŠธ(99.0๋ฏธํ„ฐ), ์ฆ‰ 32์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋กœ
03:33
32 stories, an individual living organism articulating its forms
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ˆฒ์˜ ํ—ˆ๊ณต์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ญ‰ ๋ป—์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:38
upward into space over long periods of time.
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์˜ค๋žœ ์„ธ์›”๋™์•ˆ, ํ—ˆ๊ณต์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์น˜์†Ÿ์€ ์ฑ„ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ฝ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
03:42
The Redwood species seems to exist in another kind of time:
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
not human time, but what we might call Redwood time.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
03:51
Redwood time moves at a more stately pace than human time.
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:56
To us, when we look at a Redwood tree, it seems to be motionless and still,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ํ•œ์น˜์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๋„ ์—†์ด ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:01
and yet Redwoods are constantly in motion,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
moving upward into space, articulating themselves
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ํ—ˆ๊ณต์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด์„œ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ 
04:09
and filling Redwood space over Redwood time, over thousands of years.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ˆฒ์„ ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
04:14
Plant this small seed, wait 2,000 years, and you get this:
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ์”จ์•—์„ ์‹ฌ๊ณ , 2,000๋…„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด
04:18
the Lost Monarch.
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'์™•์˜ ๊ท€ํ™˜'์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
It dwells in the Grove of Titans on the north coast,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถํ•ด์•ˆ์˜ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„ ์ˆฒ์— ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”,
04:22
and was discovered in 1998.
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1998๋…„์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
And yet, when you look at the base of a Redwood tree,
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฐ‘๋™ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์„œ๋ฉด,
04:27
you're not seeing the organism.
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
04:29
You're like a mouse looking at the foot of an elephant,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์„ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ์ƒ์ฅ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
and most of the organism is overhead, unseen.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:35
I became very interested, and I wrote about a couple.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ, ํ•œ ์ปคํ”Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Steve Sillett and Marie Antoine are the principal explorers
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‹ค๋ ›๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆํˆฌ์•ˆ์€ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ˆฒ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
of the Redwood forest canopy. They're world-class athletes,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ
04:45
and they also are world-class forest ecology scientists.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆฒ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
04:51
Steve Sillett, when he was a 19-year-old college student
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‹ค๋ ›์€ ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋˜ 19์„ธ์—
04:54
at Reed College, had heard that the Redwood forest canopy
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์œ—๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
04:58
is considered to be a so-called Redwood desert.
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
That is to say, at that time it was believed
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
05:03
that there was nothing up there except the branches of Redwood trees.
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๊ทธ ์œ—๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:07
And with a friend of his, he took it upon himself to free-climb a Redwood
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋กœํ”„๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€์ฑ„ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ
05:10
without ropes or any equipment to see what was up there.
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๊ทธ ์œ„์ชฝ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
He climbed up a small tree next to this giant Redwood,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ
05:16
and then he leaped through space and grabbed a branch with his hands,
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์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์ ํ”„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์žก์€ ํ›„,
05:22
and ended up hanging, like catching a bar of a trapeze.
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๊ณก์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€๋กฑ๋Œ€๋กฑ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์ฃ .
05:25
And then, from there, he climbed directly up the bark
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
05:28
until he got to the top of the tree.
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๋‚˜๋ฌดํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ณง์žฅ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
His friend, a guy named Marwood Harris, was following behind.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ ๋งˆ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ž๊ณ ์š”.
05:34
Neither one of them had noticed that there was
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€์—
05:36
a Yellow Jacket wasp's nest the size of a bowling ball
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๋ณผ๋ง๊ณต ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ง๋ฒŒ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
05:40
hanging from the branch that Steve had jumped into.
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๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And when Marwood made the jump, he was covered with wasps
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ ํ”„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:46
stinging him in the face and eyes. He nearly let go.
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๋ง๋ฒŒ๋–ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์˜์•„๋Œ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:50
He would have fallen to his death, being 75 feet above the ground.
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75ํ”ผํŠธ(22.85๋ฏธํ„ฐ) ๋†’์ด์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:53
But they made it to the top, and what they found
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๊ณ , ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:55
was not a Redwood desert, but a lost world --
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์™•๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
a kind of three-dimensional labyrinth in the air, filled with unknown life.
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๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ฝํžŒ ๊ณต์ค‘ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ์š”.
06:02
Now, I had been working on other topics:
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
the emergence of infectious diseases,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด์„œ
06:09
which come out of the natural ecosystems of the Earth,
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๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„
06:12
make a trans-species jump, and get into humans.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ์นจํˆฌํ•œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ถœํ˜„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜€์ฃ .
06:15
After three books on this, it got to be a bit much, in a way.
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„, ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
My wife and I adore our children.
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด์™€ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
And I began climbing trees with my kids as just something to do with them,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
using the so-called arborist climbing technique,
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๋กœํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ arborist climbing technique์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
with ropes. You use ropes to get yourself up into the crown of a tree.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋กœํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
Children are incredibly adept at climbing trees.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
That's my son, Oliver.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ œ ์•„๋“ค ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
They don't seem to suffer from the same fear of heights that humans do.
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์• ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ ์†Œ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
06:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:47
If ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, then children
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๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
06:51
are somewhat closer to our roots as primates in the arboreal forest.
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์ˆฒ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
Humans appear to be the only primates that I know of
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š”
07:00
that are afraid of heights.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
All other primates, when they're scared,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉด
07:04
they run up a tree, where they feel safe.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:07
We camped overnight in the trees, in tree boats.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ณดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ผ์˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
This is my daughter Laura, then 15, looking out of a tree boat.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ 15์„ธ์˜€๋˜ ์ œ ๋”ธ ๋กœ๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ณดํŠธ ๋ฐ–์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
07:14
She's, by the way, tied in with a rope so she can't fall.
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๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋กœํ”„์— ๋งค์—ฌ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
07:19
Looking out of a tree boat in the morning and hearing birdsong
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์•„์นจ์—” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ณดํŠธ ๋ฐ–์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
07:22
coming in three dimensions around us.
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์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋“ค๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ์ƒˆ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ์š”,
07:24
We had been visited in the night by flying squirrels,
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๋ฐค์— ๋‚ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
who don't seem to recognize humans for what they are
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์กด์žฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
because they've never seen them in the canopy before.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
And we practiced advanced techniques like sky-walking,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์นด์ด์›Œํ‚น ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
where you can move from tree to tree through space,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๋”๋งจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ์ € ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ
07:38
rather like Spiderman.
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์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
It became a writing project.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:42
When Steve Sillett gets up into a big Redwood, he fires an arrow,
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ํฐ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‹ค๋ ›์€
07:46
which trails a fishing line, which gets over a branch in the tree,
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๋‚š์‹ฏ์ค„์„ ๋งค๋‹จ ํ™”์‚ด์„ ์˜์•„์„œ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๊ฑธ๊ณ ,
07:49
and then you ascend up a rope which has been dragged into the tree by the line.
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๋‚š์‹ฏ์ค„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๋กœํ”„๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
You ascend 30 stories.
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30์ธต ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
There are two people climbing this tree, Gaya,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด "Gaya"์—
07:58
which is thought to be one of the oldest Redwoods. There they are.
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์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
08:01
They are only one-seventh of the way up that tree.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ 7๋ถ„์˜ 1๋ฐ–์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
08:05
You do feel a sense of exposure.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
There is a small person right down there on the ground.
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๋•… ์œ„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์ชฝ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
08:10
You feel like you're climbing a wall of wood.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฒฝ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
But then you enter the Redwood canopy,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
08:14
and it's like coming through a layer of clouds.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“œ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:17
And all of a sudden, you lose sight of the ground,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
08:20
and you also lose sight of the sky,
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๋•…๊ณผ ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด ์‹œ์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
08:22
and you're in a three-dimensional labyrinth in the air
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์–‘์น˜๋ฅ˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ๊ณต์ค‘์ •์›์ด
08:25
filled with hanging gardens of ferns growing out of soil,
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๋ˆˆ ์•ž์— ํŽผ์ณ์ง€์ฃ .
08:28
which is populated with all kinds of small organisms.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:32
There are epiphytes, plants that grow on trees.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ฐฉ์ƒ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
These are huckleberry bushes.
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์ €๊ฑด 'ํ—ˆํด๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์‰ฌ' ๊ตฐ์š”.
08:37
Many species of mosses, and then all sorts of lichens just plastering the tree.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ผ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์œ„์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
08:43
When you get near the top of the tree, you feel like you can't fall --
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
in fact, it's difficult to move.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€์š”.
08:48
You're worming your way through branches which are crowded
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๋•…์—๋Š” ์‚ด์ง€์•Š๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„์ง‘๊ณ 
08:51
with living things that don't occur near the ground.
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ธฐ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
It's like scuba diving into a coral reef,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„๋‹ค์ด๋น™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
except you're going upward instead of downward.
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์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๋นผ๋ฉด์š”.
08:58
And then the trees tend to flare out into platform-like areas at the top.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Maria's sitting on one of them.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
09:04
These limbs could be five to six hundred years old.
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์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์€ 5~ 6๋ฐฑ๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๋˜์–ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Redwoods grow very slowly in their tops.
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ ,
09:09
They also have a feature: thickets of huckleberry bushes
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
that grow out of the tops of Redwood trees
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๋ฐ”๋กœ 'ํ—ˆํด๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ ์•„ํ”„๋กœ'๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ—ˆํด๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ ๋ค๋ถˆ์ด
09:14
that are technically known as huckleberry afros,
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
and you can sit there and snack on the berries while you're resting.
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‰ฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ„์‹์‚ผ์•„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Redwoods have an enormous surface area that extends upward into space
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์€ ํ—ˆ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ„์† ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:26
because they have a propensity to do something called reiteration.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ '๋ฐ˜๋ณต'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
A Redwood is a fractal. And as they put out limbs,
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ฐจ์›๋ถ„์—ด์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉด
09:34
the limbs burst into small trees, copies of the Redwood.
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์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์ด ์ž‘์€ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
Now, here we see a reiteration in Chronos, one of the older Redwoods.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ 'ํฌ๋กœ๋…ธ์Šค'์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
This reiteration is a huge flying buttress
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:47
that comes out the tree itself.
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๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
This buttress is less than halfway up the tree.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋กœ๋…ธ์Šค์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ด ์ฑ„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:52
And then it bursts into a forest of Redwoods.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„์ชฝ์— ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ˆฒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
09:55
This particular extra trunk is a meter across at the base
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค„๊ธฐ์ธ ์ด ๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ชฉ์€ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์ด ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ด๊ณ 
10:00
and extends upward for 150 feet.
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๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ 150ํ”ผํŠธ(45.7๋ฏธํ„ฐ) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
It's as big as any of the biggest trees east of the Mississippi River,
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๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๋™๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน๋Œ€๊ธ‰ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
10:06
and yet it's only a minor feature on Chronos.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋กœ๋…ธ์Šค์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
This three-dimensional map of the crown structure of a Redwood named Iluvatar,
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‹ค๋ ›๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆํˆฌ์•ˆ์ด ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋“  '์ผ๋ฃจ๋ฒ„ํƒ€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ๋„ํ‘œ๊ฐ€
10:15
made by Steve Sillett, Marie Antoine and their colleagues, gives you an idea.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
What you're seeing here is a hierarchical schematic development
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฃจ๋ฒ„ํƒ€ ์ค„๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
of the trunks of this tree as it has elaborated itself over time into six layers of fractal,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ค„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ
10:29
of trunks springing from trunks springing from trunks.
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6๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
10:34
I asked Steve to put a human being in this to give a sense of scale.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋„ฃ์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
There's the person, right there. The person is waving to us.
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์ชฝ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์†์„ ํ”๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
10:44
I've wanted to ask Craig Venter if it would be possible to insert
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์ €๋Š” ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด๊ทธ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
10:50
a synthetic chromosome into a human
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์ธ๊ณต์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
so that we could reiterate ourselves if we wanted to.
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์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋ถ„์—ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”.
10:56
And if we were able to reiterate, then the fingers of our hand
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ ์œ„์—
10:59
would be people who looked like us,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ 
11:03
and they would have people on their hands and so on.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์†์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์†Ÿ์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:06
And if we had Redwood-like biology,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:08
we would have six layers of people on our hands, as it were.
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15,625๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
And it would be a lovely thing to be able to wave to someone
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ํ”๋“ค ๋•Œ
11:14
and have all our reiterations wave at the same time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์†์„ ํ”๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:20
To reiterate the point, let's go closer into Iluvatar.
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์ผ๋ฃจ๋ฒ„ํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:26
We're looking at that yellow box.
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ•์Šค ์•ˆ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:29
And this hallucinatory drawing shows you --
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์ด ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:31
everything you see in this drawing is Iluvatar.
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์ผ๋ฃจ๋ฒ„ํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”,
11:35
These are millennial structures -- portions of the tree
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์ผ๋ฃจ๋ฒ„ํƒ€์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
11:38
that are believed to be more than 1,000 years old.
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์ฒœ๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
There are four humans in this shot -- one, two, three, four.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋„ค ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜, ์…‹, ๋„ท, ๋งž์ฃ ?
11:48
And there's also something that I want to show you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
This is a flying buttress.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ชฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
11:54
Redwoods grow back into themselves as they expand into space,
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ํœ˜์–ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
and this flying buttress is a limb shot out of that small trunk,
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์ด ๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ชฉ์€ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ค„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
going back into the main trunk and fusing with it.
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๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ค„๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ถ™์–ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:04
Flying buttresses, just as in a cathedral, help strengthen the crown of the tree
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๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ชฉ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ฑ๋‹น์˜ ๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ชฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์œ—๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
12:08
and help the tree exist longer through time.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
The scientists are doing all kinds of experiments in these trees.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
They've wired them like patients in an ICU.
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ICU์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ „์„ ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋†“์•˜์ฃ .
12:19
They're finding out that Redwoods can move moisture out of the air
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:22
and down into their trunks,
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์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
possibly all the way into their root systems.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ € ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
12:26
They also have the ability to put roots anywhere in the tree itself.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ž์ฒด์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
If a portion of a Redwood is rotting,
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ฉ์œผ๋ฉด
12:32
the Redwood will send roots into its own form
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
12:35
and draw nutrients out of itself as it falls apart.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
If we had Redwood-like biology, if we got a touch of gangrene in our arm
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ”์— ๊ดด์ €๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:43
then we could just, you know,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
12:45
extract the nutrients extract the nutrients and the moisture out of it until it fell off.
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์˜์–‘๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
Canopy soil can occur up to a meter deep,
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์ง€์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์œ„์— ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๊ฑฐ์ง„ ๊ณณ์—๋Š”
12:53
hundreds of feet above the ground, and there are organisms in this soil
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ํ™์ด 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‘๊ป˜๋กœ ์Œ“์—ฌ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:57
that have, as yet, no names.
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์ด๋ฆ„์กฐ์ฐจ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
This is an unnamed species of copepod. A copepod is a crustacean.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์—†๋Š” ์š”๊ฐ๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”๊ฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ‘๊ฐ๋ฅ˜์ด์ฃ .
13:04
These copepods are a major constituent of the oceans,
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์ด ์š”๊ฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์ฃผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด๋ฉฐ,
13:09
and they are a major part of the diet of grazing baleen whales.
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์ˆ˜์—ผ๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
What they're doing in the Redwood forest canopy soil
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ํ”ผํŠธ ์œ„์˜
13:17
hundreds of feet above the ocean, or how they got there,
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋œ๊ฑด์ง€๋Š”
13:20
is completely unknown.
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์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
There are some interesting theories
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
13:24
that, if I had time, I would tell you about.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
But as you go and you look closer at a tree,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:28
what you see is, you see increasing complexity.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
We're looking at the very top of Gaya, which is thought to be the oldest Redwood.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ธ 'Gaya ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
Gaya may be 3,000 to 5,000 years old,
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๊ฐ€์•ผ๋Š” 3์ฒœ๋…„์—์„œ 5์ฒœ๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:40
no one really knows, but its top has broken off
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ์š”, ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
13:43
and it's been rotting back now.
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์ช์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:45
This little Japanese garden-like creation probably took 700 years
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์‹ ์ •์›๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š”
13:51
to form in its complexity that we see right now.
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๋Œ€๋žต 7๋ฐฑ๋…„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
As you look at a tree, it takes a magnifying glass to see a giant tree.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
I have to show you something unfortunately very sad
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
14:03
at the conclusion of this talk.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
The Eastern Hemlock tree has often been described as the Redwood of the East.
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'์ด์Šคํ„ด ํ–„๋ก' ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ข…์ข… '๋™์ชฝ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด ์ง€์ฃ 
14:09
And we're moving in a full circle now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:11
In the 1950s, a small organism appeared in Richmond, Virginia,
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ชฌ๋“œ์ง€์—ญ์—
14:16
called the Hemlock woolly adelgid.
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'ํ–„๋ก ์šธ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ธ์ง€๋“œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
It made a trans-species jump out of some other organism in Asia,
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์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๋ณ€์ด๋œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์ฃ .
14:22
where it was living on Hemlock trees in Asia.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์€ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ํ–„๋ก๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
14:25
When it moved into its new host, the Eastern Hemlock tree,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ™์ฃผ์ธ ์ด์Šคํ„ด ํ–„๋ก๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
14:29
it escaped its predators, and the new tree had no resistance to it.
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์ƒˆ ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
The Eastern Hemlock forest is being considered in some ways
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์ด์Šคํ„ด ํ–„๋ก ์ˆฒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”
14:37
the last fragments of primeval rainforest east of the Mississippi River.
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๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋™์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์›์‹œ๋ฆผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
I hadn't even known that there were rainforests in the east,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋™์ชฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชฐ๋ž์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:45
but in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ '๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์Šค๋ชจํ‚ค ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›'์€
14:48
it can rain up to 100 inches of rain a year.
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1๋…„์— 100์ธ์น˜(2.54๋ฏธํ„ฐ)๋‚˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
And in the last two to three summers, these invasive organisms,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 2, 3๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๋™์•ˆ
15:00
this kind of Ebola of the trees, as it were,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์—๋ณผ๋ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ์กด์žฌ์ธ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์€
15:03
has swept through the primeval Hemlock forest of the east,
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๋™๋ถ€์˜ ํ–„๋ก์ˆฒ์„ ํœฉ์“ธ์—ˆ๊ณ 
15:07
and has absolutely wiped it out. I climbed there this past summer.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํŒŒ๊ดด์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์˜ฌ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์ €๊ธฐ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
This is Great Smoky Mountains National Park,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์Šค๋ชจํ‚ค ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์ด๊ณ ์š”,
15:14
and the Hemlocks are dead as far as the eye can see.
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๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–„๋ก๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์–ด์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
15:19
And what we're seeing is not just the potential death
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด์Šคํ„ด ํ–„๋ก๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€
15:22
of the Eastern Hemlock species --
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์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
that is to say, its extinction from nature due to this invading parasite --
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ–„๋ก๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉธ์ข…๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
15:29
but we're also seeing the death of an incredibly complex ecosystem
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
for which these trees are merely the substrate
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์ธต๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์ค‘์ •์› ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”
15:37
for the aerial labyrinth of the sky that exists in their crowns.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์š”์†Œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
15:43
It's absolutely heartbreaking to see.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ž๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์ฐข์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
One of the things that is just -- I almost can't conceive it --
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์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์ง€๋งŒ
15:50
is the idea that the national news media hasn't picked this up at all,
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๋‰ด์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
and this is the devastation of one of the most important ecosystems in North America.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
What can the Redwoods tell us about ourselves?
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:05
Well, I think they can tell us something about human time.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
The flickering, transitory quality of human time
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
16:13
and the brevity of human life -- the necessity to love.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
16:18
But we're different from trees, and they can also teach us
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
16:20
something about ourselves in the differences that we have.
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
We are human, and we have the capacity to love,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
16:26
we have the capacity to wonder, and we have a sort of
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์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
16:30
boundless curiosity, a restless inquisitiveness
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๋์—†๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ
16:35
that so suits us as primates, I think.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํƒ๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์ด์ฃ .
16:38
And at least for me, personally, the trees have taught me
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
16:42
an entirely new way of loving my children.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
Exploring with them the forest canopy
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์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ’€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
16:47
has been one of the most lovely things of my existence on Earth.
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์ œ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์ฃ .
16:51
And I think that one of the happiest things is the sense that
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
16:56
with my children I've been able to introduce them
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š”
16:59
into the very small circle of humans who are lucky enough,
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์•„์ฃผ ํ–‰์šด์•„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฉ์ฒญ์ด์ธ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
17:03
or possibly stupid enough, to still climb trees.
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์†Œ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:20
Chris Anderson: I think at a previous TED,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ TED์—์„œ
17:23
I think it was Nathan Myhrvold who told me that it was thought that
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๋„ค์ด๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ณผ๋“œ์”จ๊ฐ€
17:27
because these trees are like, 2,000 years and older,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด 2์ฒœ๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
17:30
on many of them there are ecosystems where there are species
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ
17:33
that are not found anywhere on the Earth
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์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
17:35
except on that one tree. Is that correct?
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๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:38
Richard Preston: Yes, that is correct. I mentioned Hyperion, the world's tallest tree.
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์˜ˆ, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฐ 'ํ•˜์ดํŽ˜์ด์–ธ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
17:43
And I was a member of a climbing team that made the first climb of it, in 2006.
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์ €๋Š” 2006๋…„์— ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ํŒ€์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
And while we were climbing Hyperion, Marie Antoine spotted
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ดํŽ˜๋ฆฌ์–ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ, ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆํˆฌ์•ˆ์ด
17:52
an unknown species of golden-brown ant about halfway up the trunk.
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์ข…์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋น›์ด ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
17:58
Ants are not known to occur in Redwood trees, curiously enough,
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์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
18:01
and we wondered whether this ant, this species of ant,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด
18:04
was only endemic to that one tree, or possibly to that grove.
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆฒ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ† ์ข… ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์ฃ .
18:08
And in subsequent climbs they could never find that ant again,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
18:11
and so no specimens have ever been collected.
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ํ‘œ๋ณธ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
We don't know what it is -- we just know it's there.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:17
CA: So, you have to wonder when, you know,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
18:19
if some other species than us was recording the stories that mattered on Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
18:25
you know, our stories are about Iraq and war and politics and celebrity gossip.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ผํฌ, ์ „์Ÿ, ์ •์น˜, ์œ ๋ช…์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‰ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
18:31
You've just told us a different story of this tragic arms race that's happening,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ™•์žฅ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
18:35
and maybe whole ecosystems gone forever.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
18:38
It's an amazing sense of wonder you've given me,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ 
18:40
and a sense of just how fragile this whole thing is.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
RP: It is fragile, and you know, I think about emerging human diseases --
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:47
parasites that move into the human species.
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๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ์นจํˆฌํ•˜์ฃ .
18:50
But that's just a very small facet
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด์˜,
18:53
of a much greater problem of invasions of species worldwide,
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด์˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜
18:57
all through the ecosystems, and you know, the Earth itself --
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
CA: Partly caused by us, inadvertently.
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜ํ•จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
19:02
RP: Caused by humans. Caused by the movement of humans.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
19:05
You can think of the Earth's biosphere as a palace,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ถ์ „์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ,
19:10
and the continents are rooms in the palace,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋“ค์„ ๊ถ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
19:13
and the islands are small rooms.
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์„ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
19:15
But lately, the doors of the palace have been flung open,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ๊ถ์ „์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ด ํ™• ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
19:19
and the walls are coming down.
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๋ฒฝ์€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์š”.
19:22
CA: Richard Preston, thank you very much, I think.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
RP: Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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