Neil Turok: 2008 TED Prize wish: An African Einstein

64,959 views ใƒป 2008-03-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Joanne Jung Eun Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:13
It was an incredible surprise to me
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์›€ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
to find out that there was actually an organization that cared about both parts of my life.
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
00:22
Because, basically,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์›๋ž˜
00:23
I work as a theoretical physicist.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ก  ํ•™์ž ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I develop and test models of the Big Bang,
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์ €๋Š” ๋น…๋ฑ…์˜ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
using observational data.
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์‹ค์ธก์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
00:31
And I've been moonlighting for the last five years
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ ์ผ ์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋„ ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
helping with a project in Africa.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
00:37
And, I get a lot of flak for this at Cambridge.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
People wonder, you know, "How do you have time to do this?" And so on.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด '๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์ง€์š”?' ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
And so it was simply astonishing to me
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ €๋Š” ์ €์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์—
00:48
to find an organization that actually appreciated both those sides.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์— ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ๊ธˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ• ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
00:52
So I thought I'd start off by just telling you a little bit about myself
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
and why I lead this schizophrenic life.
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์™œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์‹ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜๋Š”์ง€์š”.
00:59
Well, I was born in South Africa and my parents were imprisoned
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์Œ. ์šฐ์„  ์ €๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ €์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€
01:04
for resisting the racist regime.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„์— ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
When they were released, we left and we went as refugees to Kenya and Tanzania.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ’€๋ ค ๋‚˜์‹ ํ›„์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋ช…์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ผ€๋ƒ์™€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Both were very young countries then,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ทธ๊ณณ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋œ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”,
01:15
and full of hope for the future.
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ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๊ณณ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:18
We had an amazing childhood. We didn't have any money,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์œ ๋…„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:20
but we were outdoors most of the time.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
We had fantastic friends and we saw the wonders of the world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณณ๋“ค,
01:28
like Kilimanjaro, Serengeti and the Olduvai Gorge.
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ํ‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์ž๋กœ, ์„ธ๋ Œ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด ํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Well, then we moved to London for high school.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„ํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
And after that -- there's nothing much to say about that.
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๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ๋Š”- ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ตฐ์š”.
01:41
It was rather dull. But I came back to Africa
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๊ทธ ํ›„์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๋ฌด๋‚œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ
01:45
at the age of 17, as a volunteer teacher
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์—ด ์ผ๊ณฑ์‚ด๋•Œ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:49
to Lesotho, which is a tiny country,
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๋ ˆ์†Œํ†  ๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
surrounded at that time by apartheid South Africa.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋‚จ์•„๊ณต ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Well, 80 percent of the men in Lesotho
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๋ ˆ์†Œํ† ์˜ 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€
02:00
worked in the mines over the border,
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—์„œ
02:04
in brutal conditions.
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ํ—˜๋‚œํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Nevertheless, I -- as I'm sure -- as a rather irritating young, white man
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ €๋Š”- ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š”,์ Š๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์ž์˜€๊ฒ ์ฃ 
02:13
coming into their village, I was welcomed with incredible hospitality and warmth.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋™๋„ค์— ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ์„๋•Œ, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ ‘๋Œ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™˜์˜์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
But the kids were the best part.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ ๋™๋„ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
The kids were amazing: extremely eager and often very bright.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฆฌ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:26
And I'm just going to tell you one story,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ƒ ๊นŠ์—ˆ๋˜
02:28
which got through to me.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
02:31
I used to try to take the kids outside as often as possible,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜๋„๋ก์ด๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋”
02:33
to try to connect the academic stuff with the real world.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
And they weren't used to that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€์š”.
02:41
But I took them outside one day and I said,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์–ด๋Š๋‚ , ์ €๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
"I want you to estimate the height of the building."
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'์ € ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ถฉ ์ง์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ž'
02:46
And I expected them to put a ruler next to the wall,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ์˜†์— ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋†“๊ณ ,
02:49
size it up with a finger, and make an estimate of the height.
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์†์„ ์žฐ ๋’ค์— ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ • ํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:54
But there was one little boy, very small for his age.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:58
He was the son of one of the poorest families in the village.
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๋™๋„ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์•„์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
And he wasn't doing that. He was scribbling with chalk on the pavement.
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์•„์ด๋Š” ์ œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ถ„ํ•„๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„์ ์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
And so, I said -- I was annoyed -- I said, "What are you doing?
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์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚œ ์ฑ„๋กœ '๋„ˆ ๋ญํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:09
I want you to estimate the height of the building."
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'์ € ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.'
03:11
He said, "OK. I measured the height of a brick.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋Š” '์•Œ์•„์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์Ÿ€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:14
I counted the number of bricks and now I'm multiplying."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ์„œ, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”' ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:19
Well -- (Laughter) -- I hadn't thought of that one.
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์Œ- (์›ƒ์Œ) ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
03:24
And many experiences like this happened to me.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Another one is that I met a miner. He was home on his three-month leave from the mines.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„๋•Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ 3๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ํœด๊ฐ€๋•๋ถ„์— ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:36
Sitting next to him one day, he said, "There's only one thing that I really loved at school.
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ๊ทธ ์˜†์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต ๋‹ค๋‹๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”'
03:42
And you know what it was? Shakespeare." And he recited some to me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์š”? ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ์˜ˆ์š”'. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์„ ์Š์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And these and many similar experiences convinced me
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์ด ์ €๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
03:53
that there are just tons of bright kids in Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค,
03:57
-- inventive kids, intellectual kids --
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ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ, ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ,
04:01
and starved of opportunity.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:02
And if Africa is going to get fixed, it's by them, not by us.
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์€ ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
04:08
Well, after -- (Applause) -- that's the truth.
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์Œ, ๋‹ค์Œ์— - (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) - ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง„์‹ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Well, after Lesotho, I traveled across Africa
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์Œ, ๋ ˆ์†Œํ†  ๋‹ค์Œ์—, ์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
04:17
before returning to England
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
-- so gray and depressing, in comparison.
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๊ณ  ์นจ์šธํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ์˜€์ง€์š”.
04:23
And I went to Cambridge. And there, I fell for theoretical physics.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ €๋Š” ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์— ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์— ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Well, I'm not going to explain this equation,
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์Œ, ์ด ๊ณต์‹์„ ๋‹ค ์„ค๋ช… ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:32
but theoretical physics is really an amazing subject.
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์ด๋ก  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ•™๋ฌธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
We can write down all the laws of physics we know in one line.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์— ๋‹ด์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:42
And, admittedly, it's in a very shorthand notation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์ด๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ๊ณต์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
And it contains 18 free parameters,
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18๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์œ  ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:51
OK, which we have to fit to the data.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
So it's not the final story,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
but it's an incredibly powerful summary of everything we know
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š”
05:01
about nature at the most basic level.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ๋กœ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ„์ถ”๋ ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
And apart from a few very important loose ends, which you've heard about here --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋ช‡๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
like dark energy and dark matter --
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์•”ํ‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์•”ํ‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ฐ™์€,
05:12
this equation describes,
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์ด ๊ณต์‹์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
05:14
seems to describe everything about the universe and what's in it.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
But there's one big puzzle remaining,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํผ์ฆ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
and this was most succinctly put to me by my primary school math teacher in
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๋•Œ
05:26
Tanzania, who's a wonderful Scottish lady
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์†์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋˜ ํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ
05:29
who I still stay in touch with.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถ„ ๋• ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
And she's now in her 80s.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ œ 80๋Œ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
And when I try to explain my work to her, she waved away all the details, and she said,
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ
05:39
"Neil, there's only one question that really matters.
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"๋‹, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ• ๊ป˜" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
What banged?" (Laughter)
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"๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?(*๋น…๋ฑ…์„ ๋ชป์•Œ์•„๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž„)" (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:48
"Everyone talks about the Big Bang. What banged?"
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'๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ๋น…๋ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋˜๋ฐ, ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์ง„๊ฑฐ์ง€?
05:53
And she's right. It's a question we've all been avoiding.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค„๊ณณ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:58
The standard explanation is that the universe somehow sprang into existence,
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๋น…๋ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
06:03
full of a strange kind of energy
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํƒ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ง€์š”
06:05
-- inflationary energy -- which blew it up.
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์–ด๋–ค ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€-๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:10
But the puzzle of why the universe emerged in that peculiar state
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ์™œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š”
06:14
is completely unsolved.
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์ „ํ˜€ ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํผ์ฆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
Now, I worked on that theory for a while, with Stephen Hawking and others.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ํ˜ธํ‚น๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
But then I began to explore another alternative.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:25
The alternative is that the Big Bang wasn't the beginning.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
Perhaps the universe existed before the bang,
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋น…๋ฑ… ์ „์—๋„ ์กด์žฌ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:31
and the bang was just a violent event in a pre-existing universe.
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๊ทธ ๋ฑ…์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜๋˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ธด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์ผ ์ผ๊นŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
06:36
Well, this possibility is actually suggested
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค,
06:39
by the latest theories, the unified theories,
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๋Œ€ํ†ต์ผ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ก  ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
which try to explain all those 18 free parameters
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์ด 18๊ฐ€์ง€์˜๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ์„ค๋ช… ํ•ด์„œ
06:45
in a single framework, which will hopefully predict all of them.
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:52
And I'll just share a cartoon of this idea here.
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์ž ์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฉดํ™” ๋œ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
It's all I can convey. According to these theories,
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ์š”. ์ด ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
06:58
there are extra dimensions of space, not just the three we're familiar with,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฐจ์› ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
but at every point in the room there are more dimensions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์›๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:05
And in particular, there's one rather strange one,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ, ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ์›์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:07
in the most elegant unified theories we have.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์—˜๋ ˆ๊ฒํŠธ ํ•œ ์ด๋ก  ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
07:10
The strange one looks likes this:
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ฐจ์›์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
that we live in a three-dimensional world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
We live in one of these worlds, and I can only show it as a sheet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ‰๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ–์— ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
07:19
but it's really three-dimensional.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ์  ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
And a tiny distance away, there's another sheet,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‰๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
also three-dimensional, and they're separated by a gap.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ 3์ฐจ์› ์ ์ธ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ๊ฐญ์„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์กด์žฌ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
The gap is very tiny, and I've blown it up so you can see it.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐญ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ™•๋Œ€ ์‹œ์ผœ ๋†“์€๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
But it's really a tiny fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋งŒํผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
I won't go into the details of why we think the universe is like this,
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ธ์ง€ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
but it comes out of the math and trying to explain the physics that we know.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ก  ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
Well, I got interested in this because it seemed to me that it was an obvious question.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Which is, what happens if these two, three-dimensional worlds
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๋‘๊ฐœ์˜, ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด,
07:50
should actually collide?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
07:54
And if they collide, it would look a lot like the Big Bang.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋น…๋ฑ… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ? ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:57
But it's slightly different than in the conventional picture.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
The conventional picture of the Big Bang is a point.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น…๋ฑ…์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์  ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:02
Everything comes out of a point;
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
you have infinite density. And all the equations break down.
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๋ฌดํ•œ๋Œ€์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์‹์„์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
No hope of describing that.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:10
In this picture, you'll notice,
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
08:12
the bang is extended. It's not a point.
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๋ฑ…์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:14
The density of matter is finite, and we have a chance
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์œ ํ•œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜
08:17
of a consistent set of equations that can describe the whole process.
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๊ณต์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
So, to cut a long story short, we've explored this alternative.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์งง๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
We've shown that it can fit
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ,
08:27
all of the data that we have about the formation of galaxies,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทน์ดˆ๋‹จํŒŒ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์š”๋™๋“ค์€
08:31
the fluctuations in the microwave background.
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋“ค์ด ๋งž์•„ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ๋‚ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Furthermore, there's an experimental way
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š”, ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐฐ์žฌํ•˜๊ณ 
08:36
to tell this theory, apart from the inflationary explanation that I told you before.
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
It involves gravitational waves.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:46
And in this scenario, not only was the Big Bang not the beginning,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ž๋ฉด, ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:49
as you can see from the picture,
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๋น…๋ฑ…์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:52
it can happen over and over again.
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๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:54
It may be that we live in an endless universe,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋์—†๋Š”, ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
08:57
both in space and in time.
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
And there've been bangs in the past, and there will be bangs in the future.
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์ „์—๋„ ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
And maybe we live in an endless universe.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋์—†๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:08
Well, making and testing models of the universe
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
09:13
is, for me, the best way I have of enjoying and appreciating the universe.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
We need to make the best mathematical models we can,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ,
09:22
the most consistent ones.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
And then we scrutinize them, logically and with data.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
And we try to convince ourselves --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ -
09:31
we really try to convince ourselves they're wrong.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค-
09:33
That's progress: when we prove things wrong.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ - ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:36
And gradually, we hopefully move closer and closer to understanding the world.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
As I pursued my career, something was always gnawing away inside me.
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์ €์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์ œ ์•ˆ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
What about Africa?
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ์ง€?
09:50
What about those kids I'd left behind?
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๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ณ  ์˜จ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€?
09:55
Instead of developing, as we'd all hoped in the '60s,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 60๋…„๋Œ€์— ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋ฐœ์ „ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ปค๋…•
09:58
things had gotten worse.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ ์  ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Africa was gripped by poverty, disease and war.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œ๊ณผ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ „์Ÿ์— ํœฉ์‹ธ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:04
This is very graphically shown by the Worldmapper website and project.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์›”๋“œ๋งตํผ ๋ผ๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์™€์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„ํ‘œํ™” ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And so the idea is to represent each country
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€, ์ง€๋„์— ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด ๋†“๊ณ 
10:13
on a map, but scale the area according to some quantity.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
So here's just the standard area map of the world.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
By the way, Africa is very large.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ์ง€์š”.
10:23
And the next map now shows Africa's GDP in 1960,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ง€๋„๋Š” 1960๋…„๋„์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ GDP ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
around the time of independence for many African states.
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์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ฃผ ๋“ค์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ํ• ๋•Œ ์˜€์ง€์š”.
10:33
Now, this is 1990, and then 2002. And here's a projection for 2015.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1990๋…„๋„์™€ 2002๋…„๋„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 2015๋…„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ชจ์Šต ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Big changes are happening in the world,
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:45
but they're not helping Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
What about Africa's population? The population isn't out of proportion to its area,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋น„๋Š” ๋•…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋„˜์–ด์„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:52
but Africa leads the world in deaths from often preventable causes:
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์˜ ์„ ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
malnutrition, simple infections and birth complications.
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์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ, ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ฐ์—ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถœ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
11:04
Then there's HIV/AIDS. And then there are deaths from war.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ํ•ด HIV/ ์—์ด์ฆˆ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
OK, currently there are 45,000 people a month dying in the Congo,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ฝฉ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๋‹ฌ์— 4๋งŒ 5์ฒœ๋ช…์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
as a consequence of the war
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์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
there over coltan and diamonds and other things.
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์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ์™€, ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
It's still going on.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
What about Africa's capacity to do something about these problems?
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
11:27
Well, here's the number of physicians in Africa.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
Here's the number of people in higher education.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
And here -- most shocking to me --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ - ์ด๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €์—๊ฒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์  ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
11:39
the number of scientific research papers coming out of Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
It just doesn't exist scientifically.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:48
And this was very eloquently argued at TED Africa:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” TED ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
that all of the aid that's been given
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ์— ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์›€๋“ค์ด
11:53
has completely failed to put Africa onto its own two feet.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
12:01
Well, the transition to democracy in South Africa in 1994
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1994๋…„๋„์˜ ๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€
12:04
was literally a dream come true for many of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๊ฟˆ์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
My parents were both elected to the first parliament,
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์ €์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋„ฌ์Šจ๊ณผ ์œ„๋‹ˆ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
12:11
alongside Nelson and Winnie Mandela. They were the only other couple.
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์ฒซ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ผ๊พผ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ถœ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ์™ธ์— ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜€์ง€์š”.
12:16
And in 2001, I took a research leave to visit them.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2001๋…„์— ์ €๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์•ˆ์‹๋…„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
And while I was busy working -- I was working on these colliding worlds, in the day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ- ์ €๋Š” ์ „์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
But I learned that there was a desperate shortage of skills,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์Šคํ‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ์ง€,
12:30
especially mathematical skills, in industry, in government, in education.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ, ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ, ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
The ability to make and test models has become essential,
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
not only to every single area of science today,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ผญ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
12:45
but also to modern society itself.
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๊ทผ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
And if you don't have math, you're not going to enter the modern age.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„ค์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
So I had an idea. And the idea was very simple.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
The idea was to set up an African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, or AIMS.
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”, AIMS ๋ผ๋Š”- ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ˆ˜-๊ณผํ•™ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
And let's recruit students from the whole of Africa,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
bring them together with lecturers from all over the world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง„์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
and we'll try to give them a fantastic education.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ์ผœ๋ณด์ž. ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ์š”.
13:17
Well, as a Cambridge professor, I had many contacts.
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์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋งฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
And to my astonishment, they backed me 100 percent.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์— ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋ฐฑํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
They said, "Go and do it,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ '๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด.
13:25
and we'll come and lecture."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐ•์˜ ํ•ด์ค„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ' ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
And I knew it would be amazing fun to bring brilliant students
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
from these countries -- where they don't have any opportunities -- together
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด ๋•…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ,
13:37
with the best lecturers in the world --
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ 
13:39
who I knew would come, because of the interest in Africa --
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์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํผ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค.
13:42
and put them together and just let the sparks fly.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ , ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์ด ํ”ผ๋„๋ก ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
13:49
So we bought a derelict hotel near Cape Town.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ผ€์ดํ”„ ํƒ€์šด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ํ˜ธํ…”์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
It's an 80-room Art Deco hotel from the 1920s.
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์ด ํ˜ธํ…”์€ 1920๋…„๋Œ€ ์•„ํŠธ ๋ฐ์ฝ” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ด 80๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:56
The area was kind of seedy, so we got an 80-room hotel for 100,000 dollars.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ทธ ํ˜ธํ…”์„ ์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์–ป์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
It's a beautiful building. We decided we would refurbish it
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
and then put out the word:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
we're going to start the best math institute in Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ
14:12
in this hotel.
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์ด๊ณณ์— ์„ธ์šธ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค- ๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
14:13
Well, the new South Africa is a very exciting country.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
And those of you who haven't been there, you should go.
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์ด๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์•„์ง ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ผญ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๊ถŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
It's very, very interesting what's happening.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ผ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ, ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
And we recruited wonderful staff,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์Šคํƒœํ”„๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
highly motivated staff.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์˜์š•์ด ๋„˜์ณค์ง€์š”.
14:27
The other thing that's happened, which was good for us, is the Internet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋œ, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
Even though the Internet is very expensive all over Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
14:34
there are Internet cafes everywhere.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์นดํŽ˜- ํ”ผ์‹œ๋ฐฉ๋“ค์€ ๋„๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
And bright young Africans are desperate to join the global community,
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ Š์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
14:41
to be successful -- and they're very ambitious.
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๋งŽ์ด ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์•ผ๋ง์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
They want to be the next Einstein.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
And so when word came out that AIMS was opening,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ AIMS ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‚ฌ์„๋•Œ,
14:53
it spread very quickly via e-mail and our website.
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์ด ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๊ณผ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
And we got lots of applicants.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž…ํ•™ํฌ๋ง์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
Well, we designed AIMS as a 24-hour learning environment,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” AIMS ๋ฅผ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž๊ณ  ์ •ํ•ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
and it was fantastic to start a university from the beginning.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
You have to rethink, what is the university for?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
15:10
And that's really exciting.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
So we designed it to have interactive teaching.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์†Œํ†ต ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ๊ณ 
15:15
No droning on at the chalkboard.
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์น ํŒ ์•ž์—์„œ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์—†์• ๊ณ ,
15:19
We emphasize problem-solving, working in groups,
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๋ฌธ์ œ ํ’€์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํŒ€ ์›Œํฌ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
every student discovering and maximizing their own potential
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์  ์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋งŒ ์ซ“์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
15:27
and not chasing grades.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
Everyone lives together in this hotel -- lecturers and students --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด ํ˜ธํ…” ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
and it's not surprising at all to find an impromptu tutorial at 1 a.m.
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์˜ˆ์ •์— ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 1์‹œ์— ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ 
15:38
The students don't usually leave the computer lab till 2 or 3 a.m.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 2-3์‹œ ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋žฉ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
And then they're up again at eight in the morning.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„์นจ 8์‹œ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
15:44
Lectures, problem-solving and so on. It's an extraordinary place.
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์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”. ์•„์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
We especially emphasize areas of great relevance to Africa's development,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ดˆ์ฒจ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
because, in those areas, scientists working in Africa will have a competitive advantage.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ต์ ์ธ ์ด์ ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:02
They'll publish, be invited to conferences.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™ํšŒ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
They'll do well. They'll have successful careers.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ํ• ๊ฒƒ ์ด๊ณ , ์„ฑ๊ณต ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
And AIMS has done extremely well.
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AIMS ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
Here is a list of last year's graduates, graduated in June,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 6์›”์— ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
and what they're currently doing -- 48 of them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  48๋ช… ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
And where they are is indicated over here.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋Š๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
And where they've gone. So these are all postgraduate students.
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์–ด๋Š ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€๋„์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ƒ ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
And they've all gone on to master's and Ph.D. degrees in excellent places.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ•ด์„œ ์„์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
Five students can be educated at AIMS
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ํ•™๋น„๋กœ
16:36
for the cost of educating one in the U.S. or Europe.
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AIMS ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
But more important, the pan-African student body
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์€, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ด ํ•™์ƒํšŒ๋Š”
16:43
is a continual source of strength, pride and commitment to Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํž˜, ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
We illustrate AIMS' progress by coloring in the countries of Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์— ์ƒ‰์„ ์ž…ํ˜€๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ AIMS ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
So here you can see behind this list.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋’ค์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ,
16:56
When a county is colored yellow, we've received an application;
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๋…ธ๋ž‘์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์น ํ•ด์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž…ํ•™ ์ง€์›์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
orange, we've accepted an application; and green,
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์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€ ์ƒ‰์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์›์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ž…ํ•™ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด ์ค€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค ์ด๊ณ ,
17:05
a student has graduated.
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์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์€ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์†ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
So here is where we were after the first graduation in 2004.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 2004๋…„๋„์— ์ฒซ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋ฌ์„๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
And we set ourselves a goal of turning the continent green.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
So there's 2005, -6, -7, -8.
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2005๋…„, 2006๋…„, 2007๋…„, 2008๋…„์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:29
We're well on the way to achieving our initial goal.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ์ ์  ๋” ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
We had some of the students filmed at home before they came to AIMS.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” AIMS ์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐ์—ˆ๋˜
17:37
And I'll just show you one.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ช‡๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:40
Tendai Mugwagwa: My name is Tendai Mugwagwa.
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Tendai Mugwagwa ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
I have a Bachelor of Science with an education degree.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œก ํ•™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ,
17:47
I will be attending AIMS.
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AIMS ์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ • ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:49
My understanding of the course is that it covers quite a lot.
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์ฝ”์Šค๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
You know, from physics to medicine,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ•™ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
in particular, epidemiology and also mathematical modeling.
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์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘ํ•™ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
18:03
Neil Turok: So Tendai came to AIMS and did very well.
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Tendai ๋Š” AIMS ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:08
And I'll let her take it from there.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ง€์š”.
18:16
TM: My name is Tendai Mugwagwa
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Tendai Mugwagwa ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
and I was a student at AIMS in 2003 and 2004.
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์ €๋Š” 2003๋…„๊ณผ 2004๋…„๋„์— AIMS ํ•™์ƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
After leaving AIMS, I went on to do a master's in applied mathematics
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AIMS ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•œํ›„, ์ €๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์˜ ์ผ€์ดํ”„ ํƒ€์šด ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ
18:27
at the University of Cape Town in South Africa.
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์‘์šฉ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
After that, I came to the Netherlands
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—, ์ €๋Š” ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ๋กœ ์™€์„œ
18:32
where I'm now doing a Ph.D. in theoretical immunology.
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์ด๋ก  ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:35
Professor: Tendai is working very independently.
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Tendai ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋…์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
She communicates well with the immunologists at the hospital.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
18:42
So all in all I have a very good Ph.D. student from South Africa.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์˜จ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋Šฅํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ • ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ด์ง€์š”.
18:46
So I'm happy she's here.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
NT: Another student in the first year of AIMS was Shehu.
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AIMS ์˜ ์ฒซ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์ค‘ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๋ช…์€ Shehu ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
And he's shown here with his favorite high school teacher.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
18:58
And then entering university in northern Nigeria.
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๋ถ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์ง„ํ•™ํ•œ ํ›„
19:04
And after AIMS, Shehu wanted to do high-energy physics,
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AIMS ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ , Shehu ๋Š” ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
19:09
and he came to Cambridge.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์— ์™€์„œ
19:11
He's about to finish his Ph.D.,
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๊ณง ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ ๋งˆ์น  ์˜ˆ์ • ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
and he was filmed recently with someone you all know.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:18
Shehu: And from there we will be able to,
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Shehu: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”,
19:20
hopefully, make better predictions and then we compare it
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
19:23
to the graph and also make some predictions.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
Stephen Hawking: That is nice.
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ํ˜ธํ‚น: ์•„๋ฌด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:31
NT: Here are the current students at AIMS. There are 53 of them
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AIMS ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 20๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์˜จ
19:34
from 20 different countries, including 20 women.
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53๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ค‘ 20๋ช…์€ ์—ฌ์ž ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
So now I'm going to get to my TED business.
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์ž , ์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ TED ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
Well, we had a party. This is Africa --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ์š”.
19:44
we have good parties in Africa. And last month, they threw a surprise party for me.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ์—, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์„œํ”„๋ผ์ด์ฆˆ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
Here's somebody you've seen already.
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ณด์‹  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”
19:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
20:14
I want to point out a few other exceptional people in this picture.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:18
So, we were having a party,
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
20:19
as you can see they're completely eclipsing me at this point.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:23
This is Ezra. She's from Darfur.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด Ezra ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Darfur ์—์„œ ์™”์ง€์š”.
20:26
She's a physicist, and somehow stays smiling,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
20:30
in spite of everything going on back home.
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์ผ๋“ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:32
But she wants to continue in physics, and she's doing extremely well.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:36
This is Lydia. Lydia is the first ever woman
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋””์•„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์—์„œ
20:40
to graduate in mathematics in the Central African Republic.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•ด์„œ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์ฒซ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:43
And she's now at AIMS. (Applause)
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ AIMS ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
20:49
So now let me get to our TED wish.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์ €์˜ TED ์†Œ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:53
Well, it's not my TED wish; it's our wish, as you've already gathered.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค TED ์†Œ์›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ธ ์ด์œ ์ธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์†Œ์› ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:58
And our wish has two parts:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ์›์€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
one is a dream and the other's a plan. OK.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ ์ด๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:06
Our TED dream is that the next Einstein will be African. (Applause)
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ TED ๊ฟˆ์€ ์ œ2์˜ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
21:25
In striving for the heights of creative genius,
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ฒœ์žฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋„๋ณดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
21:26
we want to give thousands of people the motivation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
21:31
the encouragement and the courage
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๊ฒฉ๋ ค๊ณผ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
to obtain the high-level skills they need to help Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์–ป์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ด์š”.
21:38
Among them will be not only brilliant scientists --
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
21:41
I'm sure of that from what we've seen at AIMS --
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AIMS ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์…ง๋“ฏ์ด,
21:44
they'll also be the African Gates, Brins and Pages of the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์˜ ์ œ 2์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ , ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ์Šค์™€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:50
Well, I said we also have a plan. And our plan is quite simple.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊นŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:54
AIMS is now a proven model.
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AIMS ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ฆ๋ช…๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:56
And what we need to do is to replicate it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:00
We want to roll out 15 AIMS centers in the next five years, all over Africa.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํ–ฅํ›„ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ 15๊ฐœ์˜ AIMS ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์˜ˆ์ • ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:04
Each will have a pan-African student body,
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ํ•™์ƒํšŒ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
22:09
but specialize in a different area of science.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:11
We want to use science to overcome the national and cultural barriers,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ตญ์ ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:16
as it does at AIMS.
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์ง€๊ธˆ AIMS ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
22:17
And we want to add elements to the curriculum.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปค๋ฆฌํ˜๋Ÿผ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:19
We want to add entrepreneurship and policy skills.
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์ฐฝ์—… ์ •์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์ •์ ์ธ ์Šคํ‚ฌ์— ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ์š”.
22:24
The expanded AIMS will be a coherent pan-African institution,
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๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ AIMS ์„ผํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ต์œก์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
and its graduates will form a powerful network,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กธ์—…์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ง‰๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ธ๋งฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:31
working together for peace and progress across the continent.
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ํ‰ํ™”์™€ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:37
Over the last year,
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์ž‘๋…„์—
22:39
we've been visiting sites in Africa,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋ถ€์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:41
looking at potential sites for new AIMS centers.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด AIMS ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šธ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋…”์ง€์š”.
22:44
And here are the ones we've selected.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ณณ ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
And each of these centers has a strong local team,
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๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—๋Š” ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์„œํฌํŠธ ํŒ€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:50
each is in a beautiful place, an interesting place,
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„๋ฆ„ ๋‹ต๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณณ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:52
which international lecturers will be happy to visit.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง„๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณณ ์ด์ง€์š”.
22:55
And our partners across Africa are extremely enthusiastic about this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ์—ด์ • ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
Everyone wants an AIMS center in their country.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— AIMS ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์›Œ์ง€๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:04
And last November,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 11์›” ์—๋Š”,
23:06
the conference of all the African ministers of science and technology,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์žฅ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ธ, ๋ชธ๋ฐ”์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ
23:10
held in Mombasa, called for a comprehensive plan to roll out AIMS.
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AIMS ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žœ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:15
So we have political support right across the continent.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ „ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์„œํฌํŠธ๋„ ๋ฐ›์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:18
It won't be easy.
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์‰ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
23:21
At every site there will be huge challenges.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
23:23
Local scientists must play leading roles
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๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋„์ž ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:26
and governments must be persuaded to buy in.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ• ๊ฒƒ ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
23:30
Conditions are very difficult,
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
23:32
but we cannot afford to compromise on those principles which made AIMS work.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ AIMS ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ์›์น™๋“ค์„ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ํ•  ์—ฌ์œ  ๋”ฐ์œ„๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:39
And we summarize them this way:
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
the institutes have got to be relevant, innovative,
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๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€, ์‹ค์งˆ ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ, ํš๊ธฐ์  ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
23:44
cost-effective and high quality. Why?
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๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์งˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
23:46
Because we want Africa to be rich.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ํ’์š”๋กœ์›Œ ์ง€๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:49
Easy to remember the basic rules we need.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:56
So, just in ending, let me say the only people who can fix Africa
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
23:59
are talented young Africans.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ Š์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:02
By unlocking and nurturing their creative potential,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ‚ค์œ„๋‚˜๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
24:05
we can create a step change in Africa's future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง ๋” ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:09
Over time, they will contribute to African development
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:13
and to science in ways we can only imagine.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์—๋„ ๊ณตํ—Œ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:16
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:18
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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