In praise of conflict | Jonathan Marks

50,689 views ใƒป 2017-05-08

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kyo young Chu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo-Ho Cho
00:12
Twenty years ago,
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20๋…„ ์ „
00:13
when I was a barrister and human rights lawyer
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์ • ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ด์ž ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ
00:16
in full-time legal practice in London,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•  ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
and the highest court in the land
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์–ด๋Š ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๋ฒ•์› ์žฌํŒ์ด
00:22
still convened, some would say by an accident of history,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์˜ํšŒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:26
in this building here,
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00:28
I met a young man who had just quit his job
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์™ธ๋ฌด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ง‰ ํ‡ด์งํ•œ ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
in the British Foreign Office.
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00:33
When I asked him, "Why did you leave,"
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์ž ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:36
he told me this story.
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00:38
He had gone to his boss one morning and said,
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์•„์นจ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
"Let's do something about human rights abuses in China."
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"์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์œ ๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ๋ผ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?"
00:46
And his boss had replied,
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๊ทธ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
"We can't do anything about human rights abuses in China
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์—ญ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:50
because we have trade relations with China."
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์œ ๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋„ค."
00:54
So my friend went away with his tail between his legs,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์„ฐ๊ณ 
00:57
and six months later, he returned again to his boss,
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6๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋’ค์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
and he said this time,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:02
"Let's do something about human rights in Burma,"
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"๋ฒ„๋งˆ์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?"
01:06
as it was then called.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋งˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:08
His boss once again paused
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๊ทธ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ž ์‹œ ๋จธ๋ญ‡๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
and said, "Oh, but we can't do anything about human rights in Burma
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"์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋งˆ๋ž‘ ๋ฌด์—ญ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:14
because we don't have any trade relations with Burma."
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋„ค."
01:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:19
This was the moment he knew he had to leave.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
01:21
It wasn't just the hypocrisy that got to him.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์œ„์„ ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
It was the unwillingness of his government
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์•ˆ์ดํ•จ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:28
to engage in conflict with other governments,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€์˜ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”
01:30
in tense discussions,
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
all the while, innocent people were being harmed.
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์ฃ„์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:37
We are constantly told
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
that conflict is bad
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๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
01:42
that compromise is good;
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ํƒ€ํ˜‘์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:45
that conflict is bad
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๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
01:47
but consensus is good;
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ํ•ฉ์˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:49
that conflict is bad
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๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ๋‚˜์˜๊ณ 
01:52
and collaboration is good.
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:55
But in my view,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—
01:57
that's far too simple a vision of the world.
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์ด๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
We cannot know
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๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚˜์จ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
whether conflict is bad
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02:03
unless we know who is fighting,
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์‹ธ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:06
why they are fighting
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์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์™€
02:08
and how they are fighting.
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์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:10
And compromises can be thoroughly rotten
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€
02:13
if they harm people who are not at the table,
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์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ํž˜ ์—†๊ณ 
02:17
people who are vulnerable, disempowered,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:19
people whom we have an obligation to protect.
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Now, you might be somewhat skeptical of a lawyer
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
02:27
arguing about the benefits of conflict
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ํƒ€ํ˜‘์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:30
and creating problems for compromise,
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ํšŒ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
02:33
but I did also qualify as a mediator,
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์ €๋„ ์ค‘์žฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:35
and these days, I spend my time giving talks about ethics for free.
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์š”์ฆ˜์€ ์œค๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
So as my bank manager likes to remind me, I'm downwardly mobile.
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๊ธˆ์œต ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ๋ง์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:44
But if you accept my argument,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:47
it should change not just the way we lead our personal lives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
which I wish to put to one side for the moment,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ์ ‘์–ด๋‘์ฃ .
02:53
but it will change the way we think about major problems
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๊ทธ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„
02:57
of public health and the environment.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Let me explain.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
03:04
Every middle schooler in the United States,
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์ œ 12์‚ด ๋‚œ ๋”ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ
03:06
my 12-year-old daughter included,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€
03:09
learns that there are three branches of government,
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์ •๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
the legislative, the executive and the judicial branch.
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์ž…๋ฒ•๋ถ€, ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
James Madison wrote,
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์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ฉ”๋””์Šจ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
"If there is any principle more sacred in our Constitution,
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์œ  ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:24
and indeed in any free constitution,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:26
than any other,
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03:28
it is that which separates
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž…๋ฒ•, ํ–‰์ •, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
03:30
the legislative, the executive and the judicial powers."
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03:35
Now, the framers were not just concerned
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์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:39
about the concentration and exercise of power.
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๊ถŒํ•œ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๊ณผ ์ง‘ํ–‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
They also understood the perils of influence.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Judges cannot determine the constitutionality of laws
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ํŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž…๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:53
if they participate in making those laws,
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๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•ฉํ—Œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
03:57
nor can they hold the other branches of government accountable
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:01
if they collaborate with them
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๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:03
or enter into close relationships with them.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋”ฐ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
The Constitution is, as one famous scholar put it,
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ํ•œ ์œ ๋ช… ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
04:11
"an invitation to struggle."
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ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์€ "ํˆฌ์Ÿ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ดˆ๋Œ€์žฅ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And we the people are served
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
04:16
when those branches do, indeed, struggle with each other.
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์ด๋“ค ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
Now, we recognize the importance of struggle
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
not just in the public sector
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:29
between our branches of government.
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04:32
We also know it too in the private sector,
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜
04:35
in relationships among corporations.
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๋ถ„์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Let's imagine that two American airlines get together and agree
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ
์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ 250๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ๋Š” ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ
04:44
that they will not drop the price
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04:46
of their economy class airfares below 250 dollars a ticket.
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ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:51
That is collaboration, some would say collusion,
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ดํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
not competition,
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:56
and we the people are harmed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ญ๊ณต๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
04:59
because we pay more for our tickets.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Imagine similarly two airlines were to say,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋‘ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
05:04
"Look, Airline A, we'll take the route from LA to Chicago,"
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"์ด๋ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ A ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” LA ์—์„œ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ์„ ์šดํ•ญํ• ๊ฒŒ."
05:09
and Airline B says, "We'll take the route from Chicago to DC,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด B ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ฃ .
"์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์—์„œ DC๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ• ๊ฒŒ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์•ˆ ํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค."
05:13
and we won't compete."
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05:14
Once again, that's collaboration or collusion instead of competition,
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์—ญ์‹œ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ดํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๊ณ 
05:19
and we the people are harmed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
So we understand the importance of struggle
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ธ์›€์ด
05:29
when it comes to relationships between branches of government,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
the public sector.
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๊ณต๊ณต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์ด์ฃ .
05:36
We also understand the importance of conflict
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋นš์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด
05:40
when it comes to relationships among corporations,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
the private sector.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด์ฃ .
05:46
But where we have forgotten it
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:48
is in the relationships between the public and the private.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And governments all over the world are collaborating with industry
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์žก๊ณ 
05:56
to solve problems of public health and the environment,
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
often collaborating with the very corporations
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”, ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ
06:03
that are creating or exacerbating the problems they are trying to solve.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์†์„ ์žก๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:10
We are told that these relationships
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด
06:14
are a win-win.
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์œˆ-์œˆ(win-win)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
But what if someone is losing out?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:22
Let me give you some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
A United Nations agency decided to address a serious problem:
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UN์˜ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ธ๋„ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ ํ•™๊ต์˜
06:29
poor sanitation in schools in rural India.
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์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
They did so not just in collaboration with national and local governments
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์•™ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ง€์ž์ฒด ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:38
but also with a television company
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TV ๋ฐฉ์†ก์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ์Œ๋ฃŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€๋„ ์†์„ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
and with a major multinational soda company.
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06:45
In exchange for less than one million dollars,
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํ›„์›๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋กœ
06:48
that corporation received the benefits of a months-long promotional campaign
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๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ™๋ณด ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ๊ณผ
06:53
including a 12-hour telethon
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12์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” TV ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—
06:55
all using the company's logo and color scheme.
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์ž์‚ฌ์˜ ๋กœ๊ณ ์™€ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŠนํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
This was an arrangement
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์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:01
which was totally understandable
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๋งŒํ•œ
07:04
from the corporation's point of view.
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ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
It enhances the reputation of the company
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
07:09
and it creates brand loyalty for its products.
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์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ์„ฑ๋„๋„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:13
But in my view,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
07:14
this is profoundly problematic for the intergovernmental agency,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
an agency that has a mission to promote sustainable living.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ์ง์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:23
By increasing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages
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๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋‹น์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
07:26
made from scarce local water supplies and drunk out of plastic bottles
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ด์•„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
07:31
in a country that is already grappling with obesity,
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๋น„๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:34
this is neither sustainable from a public health
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
nor an environmental point of view.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
07:40
And in order to solve one public health problem,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:43
the agency is sowing the seeds
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์”จ์•—์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
of another.
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07:49
This is just one example of dozens I discovered
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์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:53
in researching a book on the relationships between government and industry.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ธ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
I could also have told you about the initiatives in parks
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
08:02
in London and throughout Britain,
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๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ๋„
08:04
involving the same company, promoting exercise,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šด๋™์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:07
or indeed of the British government creating voluntary pledges
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๊ณต์•ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
08:12
in partnership with industry
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๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
08:14
instead of regulating industry.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
These collaborations or partnerships have become the paradigm in public health,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ „ํ˜•์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:22
and once again, they make sense from the point of view of industry.
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๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
It allows them to frame public health problems and their solutions
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๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋˜๊ณ 
08:30
in ways that are least threatening to,
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์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
08:32
most consonant with their commercial interests.
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์งœ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
So obesity becomes a problem
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
08:38
of individual decision-making,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋‚˜
08:42
of personal behavior,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํ–‰๋™ ์–‘์‹
08:44
personal responsibility and lack of physical activity.
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์ฆ‰, ์šด๋™ ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:47
It is not a problem,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‹€์— ๊ฐ€๋‘๋Š” ํ•œ
08:49
when framed this way,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
08:51
of a multinational food system involving major corporations.
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๋”์ด์ƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
And again, I don't blame industry.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Industry naturally engages in strategies of influence
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๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
09:00
to promote its commercial interests.
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์ „๋žต์„ ์งœ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
But governments have a responsibility
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฑ…๋ฌด๋Š”
09:06
to develop counterstrategies
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ „๋žต์„ ์งœ๊ณ 
09:08
to protect us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
09:10
and the common good.
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
The mistake that governments are making
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š”
09:18
when they collaborate in this way
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:20
with industry
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09:22
is that they conflate
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
the common good
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09:26
with common ground.
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09:28
When you collaborate with industry,
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
09:31
you necessarily put off the table
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„
09:34
things that might promote the common good to which industry will not agree.
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ๋งŒํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ˜‘์ƒ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ ์—†์•จ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:38
Industry will not agree to increased regulation
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09:40
unless it believes this will stave off even more regulation
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋“ค์„ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ
09:45
or perhaps knock some competitors out of the market.
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๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•  ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
09:49
Nor can companies agree to do certain things,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜
09:52
for example raise the prices of their unhealthy products,
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์—๋„ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
because that would violate competition law,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋†“์€ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„
09:57
as we've established.
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์œ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:00
So our governments should not confound
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ ์„ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
the common good and common ground,
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10:06
especially when common ground means reaching agreement with industry.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ ์ด ๊ธฐ์—… ์ด์ต๊ณผ ๋งž์•„๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
10:12
I want to give you another example,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
moving from high-profile collaboration
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์„ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋ชฉ์„ ๋ˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:16
to something that is below ground
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฃ .
10:18
both literally and figuratively:
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10:22
the hydraulic fracturing of natural gas.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‹œ์ถ”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์•• ํŒŒ์‡„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
Imagine that you purchase a plot of land
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋Š ๋•…์„ ์ƒ€๋Š”๋ฐ
10:28
not knowing the mineral rights have been sold.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฑ„๊ด‘๊ถŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
10:31
This is before the fracking boom.
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ํŒŒ์‡„ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ด์ฃ .
10:34
You build your dream home on that plot,
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๊ฟˆ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋˜ ์ง‘์„ ๊ทธ ๋•…์— ์ง€์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:37
and shortly afterwards,
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
10:38
you discover that a gas company is building a well pad on your land.
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๊ฐ€์Šค ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋•…์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
That was the plight of the Hallowich family.
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ํ• ๋กœ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
Within a very short period of time,
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์ดํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
10:51
they began to complain of headaches,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ํ†ต์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ 
10:55
of sore throats, of itchy eyes,
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์ธํ›„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์›€์ฆ์„ ๊ฒช๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:58
in addition to the interference of the noise, vibration
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์Œ ๊ณตํ•ด์™€ ์ง„๋™์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
11:01
and the bright lights from the flaring of natural gas.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํ™”์—ผ์˜ ๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
They were very vocal in their criticisms,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋†’์—ฌ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:07
and then they fell silent.
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์ด์œฝ๊ณ  ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
And thanks to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, where this image appeared,
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๋จผ์ €, ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ค€ ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฐ€์ ฏ๊ณผ
11:13
and one other newspaper, we discovered why they fell silent.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์นจ๋ฌตํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋„ํ•œ ์–ด๋Š ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
The newspapers went to the court and said, "What happened to the Hallowiches?"
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๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ• ๋กœ์œ„์น˜์”จ๊ฐ€ ์นจ๋ฌตํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ•์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
And it turned out the Hallowiches had made a secret settlement
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ํ• ๋กœ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์Šค ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์ฃ .
11:23
with the gas operators, and it was a take-it-or-leave-it settlement.
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์–‘์ž ํƒ์ผ์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
The gas company said,
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๊ฐ€์Šค ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€
11:28
you can have a six-figure sum
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
11:31
to move elsewhere and start your lives again,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
11:33
but in return
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๊ทธ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋กœ
11:34
you must promise not to speak of your experience with our company,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
11:38
not to speak of your experience with fracking,
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ํŒŒ์‡„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋“ค
11:41
not to speak about the health consequences
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒ€์ง„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ 
11:45
that might have been revealed by a medical examination.
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๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์„คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
Now, I do not blame the Hallowiches for accepting
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์ €๋Š” ์–‘์ž ํƒ์ผ์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜์—์„œ
11:52
a take-it-or-leave-it settlement
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ํ• ๋กœ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„
11:55
and starting their lives elsewhere.
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๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
And one can understand
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
11:58
why the company would wish to silence a squeaky wheel.
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์™œ ๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์œผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ์ฃ .
12:01
What I want to point the finger at is the legal and regulatory system,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
a system in which there are networks of agreements
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๊ทธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ฉ์˜๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
12:07
just like this one
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:09
which serve to silence people and seal off data points
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๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ์ž…๋ง‰์Œํ•˜๊ณ 
๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์—ญํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์ž๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:14
from public health experts and epidemiologists,
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12:17
a system in which regulators
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ•ฉ์˜ ํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š”
12:18
will even refrain from issuing a violation notice
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๋‹จ์†๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ณตํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ
12:21
in the event of pollution
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๊บผ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
if the landowner and the gas company
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๋•… ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ŠคํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ
12:25
agree to settle.
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ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:27
This is a system which isn't just bad from a public health point of view;
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์ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ธก๋ฉด์—๋งŒ ๋‚˜์œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:30
it exposes hazards to local families
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์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
12:34
who remain in the dark.
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์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
Now, I have given you two examples not because they are isolated examples.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
They are examples of a systemic problem.
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์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
12:46
I could share some counterexamples,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
the case for example of the public official
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์ผ๋ก€๋กœ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด
12:51
who sues the pharmaceutical company
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ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
for concealing the fact
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์ž์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ๊ฐ€
12:56
that its antidepressant increases suicidal thoughts in adolescents.
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ž์‚ด ์ถฉ๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์€ํํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ด์œ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
I can tell you about the regulator who went after the food company
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๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‹จ์†๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
์š”๊ฑฐํŠธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
for exaggerating the purported health benefits of its yogurt.
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13:10
And I can tell you about the legislator
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
13:13
who despite heavy lobbying directed at both sides of the aisle
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์ „๋ฐฉ์œ„์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋กœ๋น„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
13:18
pushes for environmental protections.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
These are isolated examples,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด์ง€๋งŒ
13:24
but they are beacons of light in the darkness,
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์–ด๋‘  ์† ํ•œ ์ค„๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๋ถˆ์ด ๋˜์–ด
13:28
and they can show us the way.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธธ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
I began by suggesting that sometimes we need to engage in conflict.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„œ๋‘์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
Governments should tussle with,
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ 
13:42
struggle with, at times engage in direct conflict with corporations.
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ํˆฌ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ , ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ๊ฒช์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
This is not because governments are inherently good
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:54
and corporations are inherently evil.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Each is capable of good or ill.
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„, ๋‚˜์  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
But corporations understandably act to promote their commercial interests,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์ด๋“์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:06
and they do so either sometimes undermining or promoting the common good.
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์„ ์„ ํ•ด์น  ์ˆ˜๋„, ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
But it is the responsibility of governments
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์„ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:16
to protect and promote the common good.
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๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
And we should insist
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ
14:22
that they fight to do so.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
This is because governments
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
14:29
are the guardians
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž์ด๊ณ 
14:31
of public health;
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14:33
governments are the guardians
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
of the environment;
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14:38
and it is governments
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
14:40
that are guardians
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š”
14:41
of these essential parts of our common good.
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์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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