How AI can enhance our memory, work and social lives | Tom Gruber

196,832 views ใƒป 2017-08-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Darren Song ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gichung Lee
00:12
I'm here to offer you a new way to think about my field,
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์ €์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
artificial intelligence.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
I think the purpose of AI
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด
00:20
is to empower humans with machine intelligence.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
And as machines get smarter,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
00:27
we get smarter.
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค๋„ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
I call this "humanistic AI" --
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
artificial intelligence designed to meet human needs
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ ์ถฉ์กฑ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š”
00:35
by collaborating and augmenting people.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด์ฃ .
00:39
Now, today I'm happy to see
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋น„์„œ๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ
00:41
that the idea of an intelligent assistant
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์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
is mainstream.
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00:45
It's the well-accepted metaphor for the interface between humans and AI.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋น„์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:51
And the one I helped create is called Siri.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ž‘์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
You know Siri.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Siri is the thing that knows your intent
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
00:58
and helps you do it for you,
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์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
helps you get things done.
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์ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋„ ๋•์ฃ .
01:02
But what you might not know is that we designed Siri
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
01:05
as humanistic AI,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
to augment people with a conversational interface
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋“ ๊ฐ„์—
01:10
that made it possible for them to use mobile computing,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:14
regardless of who they were and their abilities.
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์†Œํ†ตํ˜• ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:18
Now for most of us,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:20
the impact of this technology
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:23
is to make things a little bit easier to use.
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์ผ์„ ๋” ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
But for my friend Daniel,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์—๊ฒŒ
01:29
the impact of the AI in these systems is a life changer.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์ค€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
You see, Daniel is a really social guy,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์‚ฌ๊ต์ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
01:37
and he's blind and quadriplegic,
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์™€ ์‚ฌ์ง€๋งˆ๋น„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:40
which makes it hard to use those devices that we all take for granted.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
The last time I was at his house, his brother said,
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
"Hang on a second, Daniel's not ready.
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"์ž ๊น๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
01:48
He's on the phone with a woman he met online."
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ํ†ตํ™”์ค‘์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค๋ด."
01:52
I'm like, "That's cool, how'd he do it?"
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์ €๋Š” "์ž˜๋๋„ค์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Œ€์š”?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:54
Well, Daniel uses Siri to manage his own social life --
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด ์—†์ด๋„
01:58
his email, text and phone --
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ๋ฌธ์ž, ์ „ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜
02:00
without depending on his caregivers.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
This is kind of interesting, right?
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
02:06
The irony here is great.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด๋ฐ์š”.
02:07
Here's the man whose relationship with AI
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:10
helps him have relationships with genuine human beings.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
And this is humanistic AI.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Another example with life-changing consequences
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ
02:21
is diagnosing cancer.
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์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
When a doctor suspects cancer,
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•”์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ
02:26
they take a sample and send it to a pathologist,
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์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ
02:29
who looks at it under a microscope.
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๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
02:31
Now, pathologists look at hundreds of slides
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์™€
02:34
and millions of cells every day.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
So to support this task,
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์ด ์ผ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:38
some researchers made an AI classifier.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํŒ๋ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Now, the classifier says, "Is this cancer or is this not cancer?"
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ํŒ๋ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” "์ด๊ฒŒ ์•”์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?"
02:47
looking at the pictures.
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๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:50
The classifier was pretty good,
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ํŒ๋ณ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
but not as good as the person,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:55
who got it right most of the time.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒํผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
02:58
But when they combine the ability of the machine and the human together,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ
03:04
accuracy went to 99.5 percent.
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์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋Š” 99.5%๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Adding that AI to a partnership eliminated 85 percent of the errors
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์ž‘์—…์— ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
03:13
that the human pathologist would have made working alone.
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๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ 85%๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:18
That's a lot of cancer that would have otherwise gone untreated.
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๋งŽ์€ ์•”์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋  ๋ป” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Now, for the curious, it turns out
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์ด์   ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
that the human was better at rejecting false positives,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์ž˜ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
03:28
and the machine was better at recognizing those hard-to-spot cases.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
03:31
But the lesson here isn't about which agent is better
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•” ํŒ๋ณ„์— ๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
at this image-classification task.
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03:37
Those things are changing every day.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
The lesson here
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:41
is that by combining the abilities of the human and machine,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:44
it created a partnership that had superhuman performance.
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์ดˆ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœํœ˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
And that is humanistic AI.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Now let's look at another example
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ดˆ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜๋˜๋Š”
03:56
with turbocharging performance.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:58
This is design.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋””์ž์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Now, let's say you're an engineer.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:02
You want to design a new frame for a drone.
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๋“œ๋ก ์˜ ์ƒˆ ํ‹€์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:04
You get out your favorite software tools, CAD tools,
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋‚˜ ์บ๋“œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด
04:07
and you enter the form and the materials, and then you analyze performance.
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ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ
04:11
That gives you one design.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
If you give those same tools to an AI,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:17
it can generate thousands of designs.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
This video by Autodesk is amazing.
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์ด ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ์Šคํฌ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
This is real stuff.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด์ฃ .
04:25
So this transforms how we do design.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
The human engineer now
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์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€
04:30
says what the design should achieve,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
04:33
and the machine says,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” "๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:34
"Here's the possibilities."
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04:37
Now in her job, the engineer's job
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์ด์ œ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋Š”
04:40
is to pick the one that best meets the goals of the design,
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๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
which she knows as a human better than anyone else,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ 
04:47
using human judgment and expertise.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
In this case, the winning form
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ์„ ํƒ๋œ ๋””์ž์ธ์€
04:50
looks kind of like something nature would have designed,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์—
04:53
minus a few million years of evolution
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ
04:55
and all that unnecessary fur.
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๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ„ธ๋“ค์„ ๋บ€ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Now let's see where this idea of humanistic AI might lead us
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
05:04
if we follow it into the speculative beyond.
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์ธ๋„ํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:07
What's a kind of augmentation that we would all like to have?
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:11
Well, how about cognitive enhancement?
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์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
05:15
Instead of asking,
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"๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
05:17
"How smart can we make our machines?"
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?" ๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋Œ€์‹ 
05:19
let's ask
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"๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜
05:20
"How smart can our machines make us?"
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:24
I mean, take memory for example.
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๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:27
Memory is the foundation of human intelligence.
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๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์„ฑ์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:31
But human memory is famously flawed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
We're great at telling stories,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:37
but not getting the details right.
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And our memories -- they decay over time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
I mean, like, where did the '60s go, and can I go there, too?
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๊ฐ€๋ น 60๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:48
But what if you could have a memory that was as good as computer memory,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:53
and was about your life?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:57
What if you could remember every person you ever met,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
06:00
how to pronounce their name,
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์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
06:02
their family details, their favorite sports,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ 
06:04
the last conversation you had with them?
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:06
If you had this memory all your life,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
06:09
you could have the AI look at all the interactions
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์„ ๋•Œ
06:12
you had with people over time
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
and help you reflect on the long arc of your relationships.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธด ๊ตด๊ณก๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
What if you could have the AI read everything you've ever read
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฝ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”
06:23
and listen to every song you've ever heard?
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:27
From the tiniest clue, it could help you retrieve
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€
06:30
anything you've ever seen or heard before.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Imagine what that would do for the ability to make new connections
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:37
and form new ideas.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ค„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:38
And what about our bodies?
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๋˜ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:41
What if we could remember the consequences of every food we eat,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๋จน์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์Œ์‹
06:45
every pill we take,
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๋ณต์šฉํ•œ ์•ฝ
06:48
every all-nighter we pull?
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๋ฐค์ƒ˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:50
We could do our own science on our own data
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:53
about what makes us feel good and stay healthy.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํŽผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
And imagine how this could revolutionize
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด
06:59
the way we manage allergies and chronic disease.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:04
I believe that AI will make personal memory enhancement a reality.
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
I can't say when or what form factors are involved,
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์–ธ์ œ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
07:14
but I think it's inevitable,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
because the very things that make AI successful today --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ผ€ ํ•œ
07:22
the availability of comprehensive data
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์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ
07:25
and the ability for machines to make sense of that data --
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๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
07:28
can be applied to the data of our lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
And those data are here today, available for all of us,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์€ ๋ˆˆ ์•ž์— ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
because we lead digitally mediated lives,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ๊ณผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ
07:40
in mobile and online.
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
In my view, a personal memory is a private memory.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—, ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
We get to choose what is and is not recalled and retained.
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์ €ํฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ฃ .
07:52
It's absolutely essential that this be kept very secure.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Now for most of us,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:58
the impact of augmented personal memory
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๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
08:01
will be a more improved mental gain,
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ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์ •์„œ์  ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:04
maybe, hopefully, a bit more social grace.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํ’ˆ์œ„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
But for the millions who suffer from Alzheimer's and dementia,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋งค๋ฅผ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€
08:15
the difference that augmented memory could make
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๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์กด์—„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:17
is a difference between a life of isolation
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ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ถ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
08:20
and a life of dignity and connection.
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์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
We are in the middle of a renaissance in artificial intelligence right now.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ถ€ํฅ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
I mean, in just the past few years,
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡๋…„๊ฐ„, ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
08:32
we're beginning to see solutions to AI problems
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์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ์‹ฌํ•ด์™”๋˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
that we have struggled with literally for decades:
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08:41
speech understanding, text understanding,
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์Œ์„ฑ ์ธ์‹, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ธ์‹
08:43
image understanding.
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ธ์‹ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:45
We have a choice in how we use this powerful technology.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
We can choose to use AI to automate and compete with us,
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €ํฌ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:55
or we can use AI to augment and collaborate with us,
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์ธ์ง€์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
08:59
to overcome our cognitive limitations
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”
09:03
and to help us do what we want to do,
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์ €ํฌ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
only better.
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09:08
And as we discover new ways to give machines intelligence,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:14
we can distribute that intelligence
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„
09:17
to all of the AI assistants in the world,
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์กฐ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:20
and therefore to every person, regardless of circumstance.
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
And that is why,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
09:26
every time a machine gets smarter,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:30
we get smarter.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
That is an AI worth spreading.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์งˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ธ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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