How AI can enhance our memory, work and social lives | Tom Gruber

Translator: Furkat Sharipov Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

I'm here to offer you a new way to think about my field,

Men bu yerda turishimdan maqsad, soham, sun'iy intellekt haqida

artificial intelligence.

yangicha fikrlashni taklif qilish.

I think the purpose of AI

Menimcha SI ning maqsadi

is to empower humans with machine intelligence.

bu insonlarni mashina intellekti bilan kuchaytirishdir.

And as machines get smarter,

Mashinalar aqlliroq bo'lgan sari

we get smarter.

biz aqlliroq bo'lamiz.

I call this "humanistic AI" --

Men buni "insoniy SI" deb atayman.

artificial intelligence designed to meet human needs

Sun'iy intellekt odamlar bilan o'zaro ishlashi va ularni rivojlanishiga

by collaborating and augmenting people.

yordam berishi orqali insonlarning ehtiyojlarini qondiradi.

Now, today I'm happy to see

Hozirgi kunda yordamchi intellekt

that the idea of an intelligent assistant

g'oyasi katta mavzuga aylanganligidan

is mainstream.

juda hursandman.

It's the well-accepted metaphor for the interface between humans and AI.

Bu odamlar va SI o'rtasidagi faollikni ifodalash uchun o'rinli metaforadir.

And the one I helped create is called Siri.

Men yaratishga hissamni qo'shgan SI Siri deb ataladi.

You know Siri.

Siz Sirini bilasiz.

Siri is the thing that knows your intent

Siri sizning maqsadingizni tushuna oladi, hamda uni

and helps you do it for you,

amalga oshirishda yordam beradi,

helps you get things done.

va uni bajarishda qo'l keladi.

But what you might not know is that we designed Siri

Ammo siz bilmaydigan bitta narsa bor: Sirini aslida

as humanistic AI,

ijtimoiy SI sifatida, suhbat interfeysida

to augment people with a conversational interface

insonni o'rnini to'ldirib turishi uchun va mobil hisoblash

that made it possible for them to use mobile computing,

vazifalarini bajarishda yordam berishi uchun

regardless of who they were and their abilities.

ishlab chiqqan edik.

Now for most of us,

Hozirda ko'pchiligimiz uchun bu

the impact of this technology

texnologiyaning ta'siri ish bajarishni biroz bo'lsa-da

is to make things a little bit easier to use.

yengillashtirishidadir.

But for my friend Daniel,

Lekin mening do'stim Daniel uchun

the impact of the AI in these systems is a life changer.

buning ta'siri butun hayotini o'zgartirdi.

You see, Daniel is a really social guy,

Bilasizmi, Daniel juda ham kirishimli yigit,

and he's blind and quadriplegic,

lekin u ko'r va qo'l oyoqlari shol.

which makes it hard to use those devices that we all take for granted.

Shuning uchun biz bemalol ishlata oladigan moslamalarni u ishlata olmaydi.

The last time I was at his house, his brother said,

Ohirgi marta men uning uyiga borganimda uning akasi

"Hang on a second, Daniel's not ready.

"Biroz kuting, Daniel hali tayyor emas.

He's on the phone with a woman he met online."

U online tanishgan qizi bilan gaplashyapti" dedi.

I'm like, "That's cool, how'd he do it?"

Men "Zo'rku, buni qanday uddaladi?" dedim.

Well, Daniel uses Siri to manage his own social life --

Daniel ijtimoiy hayotini boshqarish uchun Siridan foydalanadi.

his email, text and phone --

U ko'makdoshining yordamisiz

without depending on his caregivers.

e-mail, sms va qo'ng'iroq qila olishi mumkin.

This is kind of interesting, right?

Bu qiziq, shunday emasmi?

The irony here is great.

Taqdir hazili shundaki,

Here's the man whose relationship with AI

Sun'iy Intellekt unga aqlli inson bilan muloqot qilishda

helps him have relationships with genuine human beings.

yordam berayapti.

And this is humanistic AI.

Bu insoniy Sun'iy Intellektdir.

Another example with life-changing consequences

Yana bir yorqin misol bu saraton kasalligiga

is diagnosing cancer.

tashhis qo'yishdadir.

When a doctor suspects cancer,

Vrachlar saratonni gumon qilganda,

they take a sample and send it to a pathologist,

ular qondan namuna olib patologga jo'natadi.

who looks at it under a microscope.

Patolog uni mikroskopda ko'radi.

Now, pathologists look at hundreds of slides

Patologlar bir kunda yuzlab namunalar va

and millions of cells every day.

minglab hujayralarga qaraydi.

So to support this task,

Bu vazifani yengillashtirish

some researchers made an AI classifier.

maqsadida ba'zi olimlar tasniflagich SI yaratishdi.

Now, the classifier says, "Is this cancer or is this not cancer?"

Ushbu tasniflagich namunalarga qarab saraton bor

looking at the pictures.

yoki yo'qligini aytadi.

The classifier was pretty good,

Dastlab tasniflagich juda yaxshi

but not as good as the person,

ishlayotgan edi, lekin inson kabi

who got it right most of the time.

doim ham to'g'ri aytib bera olmasdi.

But when they combine the ability of the machine and the human together,

Ammo qachonki olimlar inson intellekti va mashina qobiliyatini birlashtira olganda

accuracy went to 99.5 percent.

aniqlik 99.5 foizga oshdi.

Adding that AI to a partnership eliminated 85 percent of the errors

Shunda SI bilan hamkorlikda ishlash patologlar bir o'zlari

that the human pathologist would have made working alone.

ishlaganda qiladigan xatoliklarini 85 foizga kamaytirdi.

That's a lot of cancer that would have otherwise gone untreated.

Bu juda ham ko'p oldi olinmagan saraton kasalliklaridir.

Now, for the curious, it turns out

Qizig'i shundaki, insonlar yolg'on

that the human was better at rejecting false positives,

alomatni inkor etishni yaxshi uddalasa, mashina esa aniqlanishi qiyin

and the machine was better at recognizing those hard-to-spot cases.

bo'lgan alomatlarni topa oladi.

But the lesson here isn't about which agent is better

Bundagi saboq qaysi biri tasniflash vazifasini

at this image-classification task.

yaxshi bajara olishida emas.

Those things are changing every day.

Chunki narsalar doim o'zgarib turadi.

The lesson here

Balki,

is that by combining the abilities of the human and machine,

inson va dastgoh qobiliyatini birlashtirish orqali

it created a partnership that had superhuman performance.

superinsoniy vazifani bajarishda sheriklik yaratilishidir.

And that is humanistic AI.

Bu insoniy SI dir.

Now let's look at another example

Keling, yana bir misolni olaylik.

with turbocharging performance.

Bu tezlikni

This is design.

yaratishdir.

Now, let's say you're an engineer.

Masalan, siz muhandissiz.

You want to design a new frame for a drone.

Siz dron uchun rom yaratmoqchisiz.

You get out your favorite software tools, CAD tools,

Siz uni eng yoqtirgan dasturli 3D dasturingizda tayyorlaysiz

and you enter the form and the materials, and then you analyze performance.

va shaklni hamda homashyolarni kiritasiz. So'ng siz bajarilishini tahlil qilasiz.

That gives you one design.

Bu bitta dizaynni beradi.

If you give those same tools to an AI,

Agar siz o'sha dastgohlarni SI ga bersangiz,

it can generate thousands of designs.

u minglab dizaynlarni yarata oladi.

This video by Autodesk is amazing.

Autodesk yaratgan ushbu video ajoyib.

This is real stuff.

Bu haqiqatdan ham ajoyib.

So this transforms how we do design.

U biz dizayn qilgan narsani yaratadi.

The human engineer now

Muhandis inson dizayn bilan

says what the design should achieve,

nimaga erishish kerakligini aytadi

and the machine says,

va mashina

"Here's the possibilities."

"Mana namunalar" deb

Now in her job, the engineer's job

ko'rsatadi va endi muhandisning vazifasi inson sifatida o'zi

is to pick the one that best meets the goals of the design,

ma'qul deb biladigan, dizayn maqsadiga mos tushadigan

which she knows as a human better than anyone else,

variantni insoniy fikr va tajribaga asoslanib

using human judgment and expertise.

tanlaydi.

In this case, the winning form

Natijada yaratilgan mahsulot

looks kind of like something nature would have designed,

huddi tabiat yaratgan narsaday ko'rinadi.

minus a few million years of evolution

Bir necha million yillik evolyutsiya

and all that unnecessary fur.

va shuncha keraksiz bo'lgan mo'yna.

Now let's see where this idea of humanistic AI might lead us

Keling endi bu insoniy SI, agar biz uni ortidan ergashsak, qayerga yetaklab

if we follow it into the speculative beyond.

olib borishi mumkinligi haqida gaplashaylik.

What's a kind of augmentation that we would all like to have?

Biz hammamiz qanaqa rivojlanishni istaymiz?

Well, how about cognitive enhancement?

Kognitiv rivojlanishga nima deysiz?

Instead of asking,

"Biz mashinalarni qanchalik

"How smart can we make our machines?"

aqlli qila olamiz?" deb so'rashni o'rniga,

let's ask

keling, "Ular bizni

"How smart can our machines make us?"

qanchalik aqlli qilishi mumkin?" deb so'raylik.

I mean, take memory for example.

Misol sifatida xotirani olaylik.

Memory is the foundation of human intelligence.

Xotira bu inson intellektining asosidir.

But human memory is famously flawed.

Lekin inson xotirasi kamchilikka egaligi hammaga ma'lum.

We're great at telling stories,

Biz hikoya qilishda yaxshimiz, ammo uning

but not getting the details right.

detallarida unchalik emas.

And our memories -- they decay over time.

Va bizning xotiramiz vaqt o'tishi bilan sustlashadi.

I mean, like, where did the '60s go, and can I go there, too?

Ya'ni, 60-yillar qayga ketgan bo'lsa men ham o'sha yerga ketaman.

(Laughter)

(Kulgu)

But what if you could have a memory that was as good as computer memory,

Ammo sizda kompyuter xotirasi singari xotira bo'lganda

and was about your life?

nima qilgan bo'lardingiz?

What if you could remember every person you ever met,

Siz hayotingizda uchratgan har bir inson ismini eslab,

how to pronounce their name,

ismini qanday qilib talaffuz qilishni,

their family details, their favorite sports,

ularning oilasiga taaluqli detallarni, xatto

the last conversation you had with them?

so'nggi bor qachon gaplashganingizni

If you had this memory all your life,

eslay olganingizda nima bo'lardi? Sizda shunday xotira

you could have the AI look at all the interactions

butun umr davomida bo'lsa, barcha insonlar bilan qilingan suhbatlarni

you had with people over time

ko'rish va ancha oldingi

and help you reflect on the long arc of your relationships.

munosabatlaringizni eslashga yordam bera oladigan SI bo'lsa.

What if you could have the AI read everything you've ever read

Agarda SI siz o'qigan har qanday narsani o'qib bera olsa va eshitgan har qanday

and listen to every song you've ever heard?

musiqasini kuylab bera olsa nima bo'lgan bo'lardi?

From the tiniest clue, it could help you retrieve

Kichkinagina ishora bilan u sizga oldin eshitgan har qanday narsani

anything you've ever seen or heard before.

eslatib bera olsa, siz yangi aloqalar qilish

Imagine what that would do for the ability to make new connections

va yangi g'oyalar shakllantirish qobiliyatiga ega bo'lishni

and form new ideas.

tasavvur qilib ko'ring.

And what about our bodies?

Bizning tanamizchi?

What if we could remember the consequences of every food we eat,

Biz yegan har bitta ovqatimiz, qabul qilgan tabletkamiz

every pill we take,

va yotishdan oldin qabul qilgan

every all-nighter we pull?

dori ta'sirini eslay olganimizdachi?

We could do our own science on our own data

Bizda to'plangan ma'lumotlardan kelib chiqib, nimalar

about what makes us feel good and stay healthy.

o'zimizni yaxshi his qilishimizga undashi haqida ilmiy ish qilishimiz mumkin.

And imagine how this could revolutionize

Tasavvur eting, allergiya va surunkali kasalliklarni

the way we manage allergies and chronic disease.

boshqarishimizda bu qanchalik qo'l kelishini.

I believe that AI will make personal memory enhancement a reality.

Men SI shaxsiy xotirani kuchaytira olishiga ishonaman.

I can't say when or what form factors are involved,

Men qachon va qanday omillar bilan bog'liqligini aniq

but I think it's inevitable,

aytolmayman, ammo bu muqarrarligi aniq,

because the very things that make AI successful today --

chunki SI ni hozirgi kunda muvaffaqqiyatli qilgan narsa bu

the availability of comprehensive data

keng qamrovli ma'lumotlar bazasidir,

and the ability for machines to make sense of that data --

mashinalarning ushbu bazadan har kunlik turmushda

can be applied to the data of our lives.

foydalana olishidadir.

And those data are here today, available for all of us,

Ushbu ma'lumotlar bazasi hozir hammamiz uchun mavjud,

because we lead digitally mediated lives,

chunki biz telefonda va online orqali

in mobile and online.

raqamli, vositali hayot olib borayapmiz.

In my view, a personal memory is a private memory.

Mening fikrimcha, shaxsiy xotira bu xususiy xotiradir.

We get to choose what is and is not recalled and retained.

Biz nimani eslash kerakligini o'zimiz tanlaymiz.

It's absolutely essential that this be kept very secure.

Bu mutlaqo alohida saqlanishi kerak.

Now for most of us,

Hozir, bizning ko'pchiligimiz

the impact of augmented personal memory

uchun rivojlangan shaxsiy xotira ta'siri

will be a more improved mental gain,

yaxshilangan ruhiy yutuq bo'lardi.

maybe, hopefully, a bit more social grace.

Ehtimol, bu ijtimoiy yutuq hamdir.

But for the millions who suffer from Alzheimer's and dementia,

Lekin Altsgeymer va ruhiy kasalligiga uchragan millionlab odamlar uchun

the difference that augmented memory could make

rivojlangan xotira ularning hayotiga o'zgarish

is a difference between a life of isolation

kiritishi ular hayotidagi yolg'izlik, qadr-qimmat,

and a life of dignity and connection.

hamda o'zaro aloqadagi o'zgarishdir.

We are in the middle of a renaissance in artificial intelligence right now.

Biz hozir sun'iy intellektning renessans davri o'rtasida turibmiz.

I mean, in just the past few years,

Ya'ni, o'tgan bir necha yil davomida

we're beginning to see solutions to AI problems

biz yillar davomida kurashib kelayotgan

that we have struggled with literally for decades:

SI muammolariga yechimni kuzatishimiz mumkin.

speech understanding, text understanding,

Bu muammolar suhbatni anglash, yozuvni va rasmni

image understanding.

fahmlashdan iborat edi.

We have a choice in how we use this powerful technology.

Biz bunday kuchli texnologiyani qanday foydalanishni o'zimiz tanlashimiz mumkin.

We can choose to use AI to automate and compete with us,

Biz SI ni bizni avtomatlashtirish va biz bilan raqobatlasha olishi,

or we can use AI to augment and collaborate with us,

yoki undan bizni rivojlantirishi va biz bilan birga ishlashi uchun,

to overcome our cognitive limitations

bizning kognitiv cheklovlarimizni yengish

and to help us do what we want to do,

va biz qilayotgan ishni yaxshiroq bajarish maqsadida

only better.

foydalanishimiz mumkin.

And as we discover new ways to give machines intelligence,

Biz mashinalarga intellekt o'rnatishning yangi yo'llarini topganimiz sari,

we can distribute that intelligence

ushbu intellektni sharoitidan qat'iy nazar,

to all of the AI assistants in the world,

har bir ko'makdoshga muhtoj bo'lgan odamga

and therefore to every person, regardless of circumstance.

yordam berishga hissamizni qo'shishimiz mumkin.

And that is why,

Shuning uchun,

every time a machine gets smarter,

har safar mashina aqlliroq bo'lgani sari

we get smarter.

biz aqlliroq bo'lamiz.

That is an AI worth spreading.

Shu sababli SI boshqalar bilan ulashishga arziydi.

Thank you.

Rahmat.

(Applause)

(Qarsaklar)