The unpaid work that GDP ignores -- and why it really counts | Marilyn Waring

74,542 views ใƒป 2020-02-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jinny Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
(In Maori: My mountain is Taupiri.)
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(๋งˆ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์–ด: ํƒ€์šฐํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ์‚ฐ์ด๊ณ .)
00:15
(Waikato is my river.)
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(์™€์ด์นดํ† ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ๊ฐ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
00:18
(My name is Marilyn.)
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(์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฆด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
00:20
(Hello.)
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(์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.)
00:22
As you've heard, when I was very young,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ
00:25
I was elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ์˜์›์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
And at that age, you learn mostly by listening to others' stories.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ง˜๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์›€์„ ์–ป์ฃ .
00:37
I remember a woman who'd been injured in a farm accident,
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๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:42
and it was coming up to shearing time
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๋งˆ์นจ ์–‘ํ„ธ์„ ๊นŽ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:45
on the farm,
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00:47
and she had to be replaced by a shepherd,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋œ ์–‘์น˜๊ธฐ์™€
00:51
by a rousie in the woolshed,
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์–‘๋ชจ ์†์งˆ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
and of course there was still someone needed to manage the household
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง‘์•ˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ 
00:59
and to prepare the food for the shearing gangs.
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๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์Œ์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:03
And her mother came to help with that.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์„œ์ง€๋งŒ
01:08
But the family got no compensation for the mother,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋ชซ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
because that's what mothers and family members are supposed to do.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
One year, a company called Gold Mines New Zealand
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ๊ณจ๋“œ๋งˆ์ธ์Šค ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
01:23
applied for a prospecting license on our beautiful Mt. Pirongia.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํ”ผ๋กฑ๊ธฐ์•„ ์‚ฐ์— ์ฑ„๊ตด ์ „๋ง๊ถŒ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
It is a mountain
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ํ”ผ๋กฑ๊ธฐ์•„ ์‚ฐ์€
01:32
full of extraordinary ecosystems,
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ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๋ฅธ ์ž์—ฐ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ„์งํ•œ
01:38
of verdant, virgin native forests.
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์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
It produced oxygen, it was a carbon sink,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:47
it was a home for endangered species and for pollinating species
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๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…์ด๋‚˜
๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ข…์˜ ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
in the farmland around.
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01:55
And the mining company put up this great economic prospectus
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณจ๋“œ๋งˆ์ธ์Šค๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž ์„ค๋ช…์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
02:00
that was about how much money could be made
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์‚ฐ์„ ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋‚˜,
02:06
from mining our mountain,
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02:09
about all the growth and development
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ „๋ง ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ
02:12
that would show in New Zealand's budgetary forecasts,
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์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
and we were just left with the language
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ค‘
02:21
of all that we valued about our mountain.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋“ค๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Fortunately, we stopped.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ์ด์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:31
And then I remembered
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€
02:33
a woman who had three children under five
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด๋„ ์•ˆ๋œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์…‹์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
02:38
who was caring for her elderly parents,
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๋…ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์…”์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:41
and nobody seemed to think that at some stage
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๊ทธ๋…€ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋„,
์œก์•„์— ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋“ฏํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
she might actually need some assistance with childcare,
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02:50
because she wasn't in the paid workforce.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:54
And there began to be a pattern in all of these stories I was being told.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:00
And I started to ask enough questions
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
03:03
to try and track to the core of this pattern of values
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๊ทธ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž
03:09
that was part of all of these stories.
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์ €๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
And I found it
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๋‹ต์€
03:17
in an economic formula called the "gross domestic product,"
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์‹์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
'๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ' ๋˜๋Š” 'GDP'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:23
or the GDP.
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03:25
Most of you will have heard of it.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
03:27
Many of you won't have any idea what it actually means.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋œป์„ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
The rules were drawn up by Western-educated men in 1953.
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์€ 1953๋…„, ์„œ์–‘์‹ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
They established a boundary of production
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ™œ๋™์— ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:47
in drawing up these rules.
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03:48
What they were keen to measure
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:50
was everything that involved a market transaction.
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์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ–‰์œ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
So on one side of the boundary,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„  ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:57
everything where there was a market exchange was counted.
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์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ „๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
It doesn't matter whether the exchange is legal or illegal.
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋“  ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Market exchange in the illegal trade in armaments, [munitions],
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ, ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ฌผํ’ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜,
04:10
drugs, endangered species,
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฉธ์ข…์œ„๊ธฐ์ข… ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜,
04:13
trafficking of people --
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์ธ์‹ ๋งค๋งค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋“ค๋„
04:15
all of this is great for growth
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์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:18
and it all counts.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
On the other side of the boundary of production,
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์—๋Š”
04:24
there was this extraordinary phrase in the rules
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:30
that the work done by the people they called "nonprimary producers"
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์†Œ์œ„ '๋น„์ฃผ์š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž'๊ฐ€ ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์€
04:36
was "of little or no value."
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ '๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
So I thought, let's see how many nonprimary producers we have here today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋น„์ฃผ์š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:46
So in the last week or so,
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์•ฝ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ
04:49
how many of you have transported members of your household or their goods
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
์ง์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ถ„?
04:54
without payment?
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04:57
How many of you have done a bit of cleaning, a bit of vacuuming,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:00
a bit of sweeping, a bit of tidying up the kitchen?
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๋น„์งˆ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„?
05:04
Yeah?
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์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:05
How about going shopping for members of the household?
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์‹  ๋ถ„์€์š”?
05:10
Preparing food? Cleaning up afterwards?
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์‹์‚ฌ ์ค€๋น„๋‚˜ ์‹ํƒ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
05:13
Laundry? Ironing?
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๋นจ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆผ์งˆ์€์š”?
05:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:21
Well, as far as economics is concerned,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
05:26
you were at leisure.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋†€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:31
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
05:38
Now, how about the women
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—”
05:40
who have been pregnant and who have had children?
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์ž„์‹ ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:44
Yes.
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๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
05:46
Now, I really hate to tell you this,
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์ฃ„์†กํ•œ ๋ง์”€์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:49
because it might well have been hard labor,
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ํž˜๋“  ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ฌ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:52
but at that moment, you were unproductive.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒํผ์€ ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:58
And some of you may have breastfed your infant.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:03
Now, in the New Zealand national accounts --
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”,
06:07
that's what the figures are called, that's where we get the GDP --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  GDP๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์ฃ .
06:12
in the New Zealand national accounts,
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
06:14
the milk of buffalo, goats, sheep and cows
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๋ฌผ์†Œ, ์—ผ์†Œ, ์–‘๊ณผ ์†Œ์˜ ์ –์€
06:17
is of value
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:19
but not human breast milk.
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๋ชจ์œ ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:23
It is the very best food on the planet.
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๋ชจ์œ ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์Œ์‹์ด์ž
06:26
It is the very best investment that we can make in the future health
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”
06:30
and education of that child.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์ด์ง€๋งŒ
06:33
It doesn't count at all.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
06:35
All of those activities are on the wrong side of the production boundary.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ชฝ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
And something that's very important to know
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์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ผญ ์งš๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
06:45
about this accounting framework:
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06:47
they call it "accounts,"
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'ํšŒ๊ณ„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:48
but there's no debit side.
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์ฐจ๋ณ€์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
We just keep market exchanges going,
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์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
06:56
and it's all good for growth.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
We're in Christchurch,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ๋ผ์ด์ŠคํŠธ์ฒ˜์น˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:01
where people have lived through a devastating natural disaster
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:07
and recovered.
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๋˜ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
And ever since that time,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
07:13
New Zealand has been told
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ์žฌ๊ฑด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ,
07:16
our growth figures are great, because we're rebuilding Christchurch.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Nothing was ever lost
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์žƒ์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
from the national accounting framework
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ
07:28
because of the loss of lives,
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์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์†์‹ค,
07:30
the loss of land,
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ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์†์‹ค,
07:32
the loss of buildings,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์†์‹ค,
07:33
the loss of special spaces.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์†์‹ค์€ ์žƒ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Now, it might also be becoming obvious to you
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
that this boundary of production works in terms of our environment.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ์ด๋ž€ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:47
When we're mining it,
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์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:49
when we're deforesting,
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์ฑ„๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:51
when we're deleting our environment,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ ,
07:55
when we're fishing out our marine resources,
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ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด
07:59
legal or illegal,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋“  ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด๋“ 
08:01
as long as market is exchanged, it's all good for growth.
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์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
To leave our natural environment alone,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:09
to sustain it, to protect it,
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๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
08:12
is apparently worth nothing.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
Now, how and what can we do about this?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:22
Well, I wrote first about it 30 years ago.
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30๋…„ ์ „, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ด ๊ธ€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Then in 2008, after the global financial crisis,
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2008๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
08:30
President Sarkozy of France
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฅด์ฝ”์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€
08:32
asked three men who had all won Nobel Prizes in Economics --
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๋…ธ๋ฒจ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž์ธ ์„ธ ๋‚จ์ž,
08:36
Sen, Fitoussi and Stiglitz --
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์„ผ, ํ”ผํˆฌ์‹œ, ์Šคํ‹ฐ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์—๊ฒŒ
08:39
to discover what I'd written about
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์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
30 years ago.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 30๋…„ ์ „์— ์“ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
08:43
(Laughter)
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08:44
(Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:53
"Relying on per capita GDP, relying on these growth figures," they said,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "1์ธ๋‹น GDP๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:58
"doesn't appear to be the best way to proceed
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๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด
09:01
to make public policy."
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์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค."
09:04
And I totally agree with them.
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:10
One of the things that you notice about these rules --
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋… ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š”
09:13
they are revised; 1968 they were revised, 1993, 2008 --
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1968๋…„, 1993๋…„, 2008๋…„์— ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:21
is that the revisions are mostly done by statisticians,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:24
and the statisticians do know what is wrong with the data,
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ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:29
but hardly any of the economists ever stop to ask that same question.
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ํ’ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
So, in 2019,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, 2019๋…„์—
09:38
the GDP is in even worse shape.
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GDP ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋” ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:42
You see, to measure GDP,
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GDP๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
09:44
you have to assume that some kind of production
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๊ฐ€์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ,
09:47
or service delivery or consumption
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋“ ์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š”
09:50
occurs inside a nation-state,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ†  ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ
09:53
and you know where that is.
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์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
But trillions of dollars are circling the globe,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
10:02
in many part from our Googles, our Facebooks, our Twitters,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
10:08
siphoned through a number of tax shelters,
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๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์„ธ ํšŒํ”ผ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
10:13
so that when we click on our computer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํด๋ฆญ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ
10:15
and go to download some software,
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๋‹ค์šด๋ฐ›๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ค‘์—๋Š”
10:18
we don't know where it was produced,
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
and frankly, no one knows where we are as we're consuming it, either.
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๊ทธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
10:27
These tax-free havens
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:30
distort the GDP to such an extent
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GDP์— ์™œ๊ณก์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ
10:34
that about three years ago,
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์•ฝ 3๋…„ ์ „,
10:36
Europe looked askance at Ireland
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์‚ผ์•„
10:39
and said, "We don't think you're reporting correctly,"
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์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜์ž,
10:42
and in the next year, their GDP went up 35 percent.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œํ•ด ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ GDP๋Š” 35%๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Now, all that work that you're doing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋™ ํ™œ๋™์€
10:51
when you were at leisure and unproductive,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ๋•Œ๋„
10:55
we can measure this,
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์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
and we can measure this in time use surveys.
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์ƒํ™œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:00
When we look at the amount of time that's taken
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๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ๋…ธ๋™์— ์†Œ์š”๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
11:03
in the unpaid sector,
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11:06
what we find is that in almost every country where I've ever seen the data,
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์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
11:11
it is the single largest sector of the nation's economy.
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ค‘ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
In the last three years, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ง€๋‚œ 3๋…„ ๊ฐ„
11:18
the UK statistician has declared
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:21
that all of that unpaid work is the equivalent of all manufacturing
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๋ฌด๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋…ธ๋™์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š”
์ œ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ ์†Œ๋งค์—… ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
and all retailing in the UK.
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11:30
In Australia,
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋„
11:31
the single largest sector of Australia's economy is unpaid childcare,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ์œก์•„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
and the second-largest sector is all the rest of the unpaid work,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
11:42
before banking and insurance and financial intermediation services
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์‹œ์žฅ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ธˆ์œต, ๋ณดํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธˆ์œต์ค‘๊ฐœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€
11:47
clock in at the largest part of the market sector.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Just last year, the Premier of the Victoria state of Australia
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์ž‘๋…„์— ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„์ฃผ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š”
11:56
declared that half of that state's GDP
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์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ GDP ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด
12:00
was, in fact, the value of all the unpaid work.
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๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ๋…ธ๋™์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Now, as a policy maker,
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์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
12:06
you cannot make good policy
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์ข‹์€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
12:09
if the single largest sector of your nation's economy
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„
12:13
is not visible.
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๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
You can't presume to know where the needs are.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
12:21
You can't locate time poverty.
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์—ฌ์œ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
You can't address the most critical issues of need.
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์ •์ž‘ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
So what can go in the place of GDP?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด GDP๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
12:36
Well, GDP has got many other problems, OK?
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GDP์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
We don't behave in a way that assists GDP.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด GDP์— ํ˜‘์กฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™๋งŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
12:47
Large numbers of people around the planet
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
12:49
are now using household assets -- their cars, their homes, themselves --
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์ž๊ฐ€์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผํƒ, ์ž๊ธฐ์ž์‹  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
12:54
for Uber, for Airbnb.
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์šฐ๋ฒ„๋‚˜ ์—์–ด๋น„์•ค๋น„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
And no, we're not supposed to use assets from the unpaid sector
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์žฅ ์™ธ์  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ
13:01
to make money in the market sector.
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์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”.
13:03
This is confusing!
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ !
13:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:08
And very difficult to measure.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
So economists don't want to know
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
13:15
what's wrong with their most important GDP,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ GDP๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋“ค์„ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:18
and I think they've got so many problems, they can just move off to a quiet corner
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋„, ์–ด๋”” ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
13:23
and continue to publish that
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๊ณ„์† GDP๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
and not come anywhere near the rest of us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ฑ„
13:28
with this talk of capitals
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์ž๋ณธ์ด๋ผ๋“ ์ง€,
13:31
and natural assets
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์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:34
and other ways in which to colonize the rest of our lives.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ‹€ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋‘๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋…ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
13:39
I think time use is the most important indicator going forward.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Every one of us has exactly the same amount of it.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
If there are going to be critical issues as we move forward,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:52
we need a solid database,
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
because whatever we change away from the GDP,
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GDP์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
14:00
we're going to be stuck with it for about 50 years,
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50๋…„์€ ๋” ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:03
and we need something that's solid and immutable
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:06
and that everybody understands,
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
because if I put time use data in front of you,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
14:11
you'll immediately start nodding.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋„๋•์ด๋ฉฐ
14:14
You'll immediately start recognizing what it means.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
And, honestly,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—,
14:19
if I put the GDP data in front of you,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ GDP ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
14:23
a lot of you would prefer to leave for morning tea.
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์ฐจ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ์ž” ๋งˆ์‹œ์ž๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋œจ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:29
We also need to be looking at the quality of our environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
As every year goes past, we get much better
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
at measuring the devastation of it,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ 
14:43
of measuring how little we protect anymore.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:48
And yet, with climate change,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
14:50
we don't all have to be scientists to see, to feel, to know
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:56
what is happening to our beautiful planet.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
We need, in this country,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด
15:03
the paramountcy of what we can learn from kaitiakitanga,
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์นด์ดํ‹ฐ์•„ํ‚คํƒ•์•„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€๊ณผ
15:08
from whanaungatanaga,
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๋ฐ”๋‚ญ์•„ํƒ•์•„์˜ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ
15:10
from what Maori, who have been here for centuries, can teach us.
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋…„์„ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ๋งˆ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์กฑ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
When you're in parliament,
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์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ
15:21
and you're not in an economist's frame of mind,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์˜ ๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด
15:25
you make decisions across a range of data.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:29
You look at the trade-offs.
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์ƒ์ถฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
15:32
You think deeply about implications
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ GDP์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
15:34
way beyond whether or not GDP is up or down.
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๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
Economists want to turn everything into a monetary exchange,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™”ํ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ฃ .
15:47
even time use data,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
so that they can carry on trying to decide
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:54
whether GDP is up or down.
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GDP์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
That's not a great way to go.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
And others have said to me,
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๊ฐ€๋” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
"Marilyn, why don't you just work on a system
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"ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ
16:05
that includes all the unpaid work
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๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ๋…ธ๋™์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
16:07
and the pregnancy and the birth and the lactation
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์ž„์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ, ์ˆ˜์œ ๊นŒ์ง€
16:10
in the GDP?"
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GDP๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?"
16:14
There's a very important moral and ethical answer to that,
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์ด ๋ฌผ์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋„˜๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
and it is that I do not want the most valuable things on earth,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ ,
16:24
the things I treasure,
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์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
16:26
sitting in an accounting framework that thinks that war is great for growth.
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์ „์Ÿ๋„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์  ๊ด€์ ์— ๊ฐ€๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) (ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
16:40
So from now on,
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”
16:41
whenever you listen to the news,
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๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
16:44
you're not going to go blank when they say GDP.
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GDP ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฉํ•ด์ง€์ง„ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
You're going to think,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
16:48
"I know what they're talking about, and it's not good."
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"๋ฌด์Šจ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค„ ์•Œ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์ฐธ ๋ณ„๋กœ๊ตฐ."
16:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:54
I know that there are alternatives,
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"GDP๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
16:57
and I'm going to spend my time correcting people,
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๋‚œ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ,
17:01
talking to them about this value base
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GDP๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
17:04
and talking to them about what the alternatives can be,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ์ง€.
17:09
because humankind
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
17:10
and our planet
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š”
17:12
need another way.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ."
17:14
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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