Lindsay Morcom: A history of Indigenous languages -- and how to revitalize them | TED

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2021-06-25 ・ TED


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Lindsay Morcom: A history of Indigenous languages -- and how to revitalize them | TED

49,305 views ・ 2021-06-25

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: YoonJu Mangione κ²€ν† : Yeowoon Yi
00:01
Dene Elder Paul Disain said,
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λ°λ„€μ˜ μž₯둜 폴 디사인은
00:03
"Our language and culture
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"우리의 언어와 λ¬Έν™”λŠ”
00:04
is the window through which we see the world."
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세상을 λ³΄λŠ” μ°½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€." 라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:07
And on Turtle Island,
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그리고 ν„°ν‹€ μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ—λŠ”,
00:08
what is now known as North America,
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 뢁미 μ§€μ—­μ΄μ§€μš”,
00:10
there're so many unique and wonderful ways to see the world.
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세상을 λ³΄λŠ” 맀우 λ…νŠΉν•˜κ³  멋진 방식듀이 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜λ„ λ§Žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
As a person of Indigenous heritage,
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μ›μ£Όλ―Όμ˜ ν›„μ˜ˆλ‘œμ„œ
00:16
I'm interested in learning Anishinaabemowin,
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μ €λŠ” μ €μ˜ μ‘°μƒμ˜ 언어인 μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
which is my heritage language,
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00:19
because it lets me see the world through that window.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 창을 톡해 세상을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
It lets me connect with my family,
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μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λ©΄μ„œ μ €λŠ” 제 κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό,
00:24
my ancestors, my community, my culture.
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제 쑰상, 곡동체, 그리고 문화와 μ—°κ²° λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
And lets me think about how I can pass that on
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그리고 λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έ 것을 물렀쀄지
00:28
to future generations.
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μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
As a linguist,
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μ–Έμ–΄ν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ
00:32
I'm interested in how language functions generally.
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μ €λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ  κΈ°λŠ₯에 관심이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
I can look at phonetics and phonology --
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μŒμ„±ν•™κ³Ό 음운둠, 말의 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ μš”.
00:37
speech sounds.
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00:38
I can look at morphology, or the structure of words.
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ν˜•νƒœλ‘ , κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
I can look at syntax,
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톡사둠도 μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
which is the structure of sentences and phrases,
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톡사둠은 λ¬Έμž₯κ³Ό ꡬ의 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”λ°,
00:44
to learn about how humans store language in our brains
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인간이 λ‡Œμ— μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ €μž₯ν•˜κ³ 
00:48
and how we use it to communicate with one another.
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κ·Έκ±Έ 톡해 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ†Œν†΅ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
For example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄,
00:54
Anishinaabemowin, like most Indigenous languages,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 토착어와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄λŠ”
00:57
is what's called polysynthetic,
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포합어라고 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
which means that there are very, very long words,
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ν˜•νƒœμ†ŒλΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” μžμž˜ν•œ 쑰각으둜 이루어진
01:02
composed of little tiny pieces called morphemes.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό κΈ΄ 단어듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
So I can say, in Anishinaabemowin, "niwiisin," "I eat,"
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄λ‘œ 'λ‹ˆμœ„μ‹ '은
"λ‚˜λŠ” λ¨ΉλŠ”λ‹€"λΌλŠ” 의미의 ν•œ 단어 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
which is one word.
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01:10
I can say "nimino-wiisin," "I eat well,"
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'λ‹ˆλ―Έλ…Έμœ„μ‹ '은 "λ‚˜λŠ” 잘 λ¨ΉλŠ”λ‹€"λΌλŠ” 뜻이고
01:14
which is still one word.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
I can say "nimino-naawakwe-wiisin," "I eat a good lunch,"
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"λ‚˜λŠ” λ§›μžˆλŠ” 점심을 λ¨ΉλŠ”λ‹€"λΌλŠ” 말은 'λ‹ˆλ―Έλ…Έλ‚˜μ™€ν€˜μœ„μ‹ 'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ˜μ–΄λ‘œλŠ” λͺ‡ 단어가 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ ?
01:21
which is how many words in English?
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01:24
Five words in English, a single word in Anishinaabemowin.
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μ˜μ–΄λ‘œλŠ” λ‹€μ„― 단어가 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄λ‘œλŠ” 단 ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Now, I've got a bit of a quiz for you.
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μ œκ°€ 문제λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ‚΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
In a one-word answer, what color is that slide?
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ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”. 이 μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œκ°€ 무슨 색이죠?
01:34
Audience: Green.
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(μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰)
01:35
Lindsay Morcom: What color is that slide?
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이 μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œλŠ” 무슨 색이죠?
01:37
Audience: Green.
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(μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰)
01:38
LM: What color is that slide?
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” 무슨 색이죠?
01:39
Audience: Blue.
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(νŒŒλž€μƒ‰)
01:41
LM: And what color is that slide?
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이 μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œλŠ” μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?
01:42
(Audience murmurs)
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(μ›…μ„±κ±°λ¦Ό)
01:44
Not trick questions, I promise.
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λ„Œμ„ΌμŠ€ ν€΄μ¦ˆ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”. μ •λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
01:47
For you as English speakers,
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μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό ꡬ사 ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€
01:48
you saw two green slides and two blue slides.
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μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰ μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œ 두 개, νŒŒλž€μƒ‰ μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œ 두 개λ₯Ό λ³΄μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
But the way that we categorize colors varies across languages,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 색깔을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜λŠ” 방법은 각 μ–Έμ–΄λ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
so if you had been Russian speakers,
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λ§Œμ•½ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ–΄λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 뢄이 계셨닀면
01:56
you would have seen two slides that were different shades of green,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒ‰μ‘°μ˜ νŒŒλž€μƒ‰ μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œλ₯Ό
01:59
one that was "goluboy," which is light blue,
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밝은 νŒŒλž€μƒ‰μΈ '골루보이'와
02:01
one that is "siniy," dark blue.
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μ–΄λ‘μš΄ νŒŒλž€μƒ‰μΈ 'μ‹œλ‹ˆ'둜 보셨을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:03
And those are seen as different colors.
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그리고 κ·Έ λ‘˜μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒ‰κΉ”λ‘œ μ—¬κ²¨μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
If you were speakers of Anishinaabemowin,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄λ₯Ό ν•  쀄 μ•„μ…¨λ‹€λ©΄
02:07
you would have seen slides that were Ozhaawashkwaa
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œλ“€μ„ κ·Έμ € μ˜€μžμ™€μ‰¬μ½°λ‚˜ μ˜€μΉ΄μ™€μ‰¬μ½”μ§€,
02:09
or Ozhaawashkozi, which means either green or blue.
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즉, μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰μ΄μž νŒŒλž€μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ 보셨겠죠.
02:13
It's not that speakers don't see the colors,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 색깔을 λͺ» λ³΄λŠ”κ²Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:16
it's that the way they categorize them and the way that they understand shades
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색을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κ³  색쑰λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 방법이
02:20
is different.
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λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
02:21
At the same time,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ™μ‹œμ—
02:22
there are universals in the ways that humans categorize color,
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인간이 색깔을 ꡬ뢄 μ§“λŠ” 만ꡭ κ³΅ν†΅μ˜ 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
and that tells us about how human brains
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μ΄λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‡Œκ°€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ” 것을
02:28
understand and express what they're seeing.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
Anishinaabemowin does another wonderful thing,
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄μ—λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν₯미둜운 점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
which is animate, inanimate marking on all words.
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각 λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ μƒλ¬Όν˜•μΈμ§€ μ•„λ‹Œμ§€κ°€ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
So it's not unlike how French and Spanish
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ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λ‚˜ μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ–΄μ—μ„œ
02:40
mark all words as either masculine or feminine.
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λ‚¨μ„±ν˜• μ—¬μ„±ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ 단어λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” 것과 크게 λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Anishinaabemowin and other Algonquian languages
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ•Œκ³€ν‚¨μ–΄νŒŒ 언어듀은
02:45
mark all words as either animate or inanimate.
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λͺ¨λ“  단어λ₯Ό μƒλ¬Όν˜• λ˜λŠ” λ¬΄μƒλ¬Όν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
The things that you would think to be animate are animate,
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생물체라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹€λ§Œν•œ 것듀은 μƒλ¬Όν˜•μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
things that have a pulse: people, animals, growing plants.
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λ§₯박이 λ›°λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ§€μš”. μ‚¬λžŒ, 동물, μžλΌλ‚˜λŠ” 식물듀 μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
02:55
But there are other things that are animate
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜μ™Έμ˜ 것듀이
02:57
that you might not guess, like rocks.
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μƒλ¬Όν˜•μœΌλ‘œ ꡬ뢄 λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°”μœ„μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
02:59
Rocks are marked as animate,
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λ°”μœ„λŠ” 생λͺ…ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜λŠ”λ°
03:00
and that tells us really interesting things about grammar,
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μ΄λŠ” λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 맀우 ν₯미둜운 λ‚΄μš©μ΄λ©΄μ„œ
03:03
and it also tells us really interesting things
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λ˜ν•œ μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:05
about how Anishinaabemowin speakers
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μ£Όλ³€μ˜ 세상과 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ꡐλ₯˜ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ”
03:07
relate to and understand the world around them.
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μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” λŒ€λͺ©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Now, the sad part of that
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그런데 μŠ¬ν”ˆ 사싀은
03:12
is that Indigenous languages are in danger.
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ν† μ°©μ–΄κ°€ μœ„ν—˜μ— μ²˜ν•΄μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
Indigenous languages that posses so much knowledge of culture,
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ν† μ°©μ–΄λŠ” 문화와 역사에 λŒ€ν•œ λ°©λŒ€ν•œ 지식,
03:19
of history,
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03:20
of ways to relate to one another,
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μ„œλ‘œ 관계λ₯Ό λ§ΊλŠ” 방식,
03:22
of ways to relate to our environment.
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그리고 ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό ꡐλ₯˜ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
Having been on this land since time immemorial,
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νƒœκ³³μ λΆ€ν„° 이 λ•…μ—μ„œ
03:27
these languages have developed here
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λ°œμ „ν•΄μ˜¨ 이 μ–Έμ–΄λ“€μ—λŠ”
03:29
and they contain priceless environmental knowledge
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” 이 λ•…κ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œν•˜λ©΄ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 관계λ₯Ό 맺을 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ”
03:32
that helps us relate well to the land on which we live.
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μ•„μ£Ό κ·€μ€‘ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ  지식이 λ‹΄κ²¨μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:37
But they are, in fact, in danger.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 언어듀은 사싀 μœ„ν—˜μ— μ²˜ν•΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
The vast majority of Indigenous languages in North America
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뢁미 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 토착어듀은
03:42
are considered endangered,
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λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όλ˜λ©°
03:44
and those that are not endangered are vulnerable.
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그렇지 μ•Šλ”λΌλ„ 맀우 μ·¨μ•½ν•œ μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
That is by design.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ˜λ„ 된 일이죠.
03:50
In our laws, in our policies,
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우리의 법과 μ •μ±…,
우리 μ •λΆ€μ˜ ν™œλ™μ—λŠ”
03:53
in our houses of governance,
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03:55
there have been stated attempts
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토착어와 ν† μ°© λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό 이 λ•…μ—μ„œ μ—†μ• λ €λŠ”
03:58
to eliminate Indigenous languages and cultures in this country.
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λͺ…λ°±ν•œ μ‹œλ„κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
Duncan Campbell Scott
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던칸 캠벨 μŠ€μΊ‡μ€
04:03
was one of the architects of the residential school system.
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κΈ°μˆ™ 학ꡐ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ³ μ•ˆν•΄ λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
On tabling a bill that required mandatory residential school attendance
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1920λ…„, 원주민 아이듀을 κΈ°μˆ™ 학ꡐ에
의무적으둜 λ‹€λ‹ˆκ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” λ²•μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ”
04:11
for Indigenous children in 1920, he said,
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04:14
"I want to get rid of the Indian problem.
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"μΈλ””μ•ˆ 문제λ₯Ό μ—†μ• κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€.
04:16
Our objective is to continue
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우리의 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ”
μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ 땅에 우리 μ •μΉ˜μ— ν‘μˆ˜λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μΈλ””μ•ˆμ΄
04:18
until there is not a single Indian in Canada
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04:20
that has not been absorbed into the body politic
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단 ν•œλͺ…도 남지 μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ κΉŒμ§€,
04:23
and there is no Indian question, and no Indian Department;
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μΈλ””μ•ˆμ— κ΄€ν•œ 질문, μΈλ””μ•ˆ λΆ€μ„œκ°€ μ—†μ–΄μ§ˆ λ•Œ κΉŒμ§€ 이λ₯Ό κ³„μ†ν•˜λŠ” 것이며
04:26
that is the whole object of this Bill."
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그게 이 λ²•μ•ˆμ˜ λͺ©μ μ΄λ‹€."라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
The atrocities that occurred in residential schools were documented.
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κΈ°μˆ™ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ λ§Œν–‰λ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ κΈ°λ‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
In 1907,
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1907년에
04:35
P.H. Bryce, who was a doctor and an expert in tuberculosis,
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μ˜μ‚¬μ΄μž 폐결핡 μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ˜€λ˜ P. H. λΈŒλΌμ΄μŠ€λΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
04:39
published a report that found that in some schools,
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λ°œκ°„ν•œ λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
μ–΄λ–€ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œλŠ” 25νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ 아이듀이
04:42
25 percent of children had died from tuberculosis epidemics
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학ꡐ ν™˜κ²½μ  μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 폐결핡 μœ ν–‰μœΌλ‘œμ‚¬λ§ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
created by the conditions in the schools.
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04:48
In other schools, up to 75 percent of children had died.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œλ„ λ§Žκ²ŒλŠ” 75νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ 아이듀이 μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
He was defunded by federal government
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έ 연ꡬ 결과둜 인해
04:56
for his findings,
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μ •λΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 연ꡬ비λ₯Ό 삭감 λ‹Ήν–ˆκ³ 
04:57
forced into retirement in 1921,
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1921λ…„ λ‚΄λͺ°λ¦¬λ“― ν‡΄μ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
and in 1922, published his findings widely.
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1922년이 되자 κ·ΈλŠ” 세간에 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 널리 λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
And through that time,
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κ·Έ λ™μ•ˆ
05:06
Indigenous children were taken from their homes,
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ν† μ°©λ―Όμ˜ 아이듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ§‘μ—μ„œ,
05:09
taken from their communities
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κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ—μ„œ λŒλ €λ‚˜μ™€
05:10
and forced into church-run residential schools
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κ΅νšŒμ—μ„œ μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ™ 학ꡐ에 κ°•μ œλ‘œ 듀여보내지고
05:12
where they suffered, in many cases,
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λ§Žμ€ κ²½μš°μ—
05:15
serious emotional, physical and sexual abuse,
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μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 정신적, 신체적, 그리고 성적 폭λ ₯을 λ‹Ήν–ˆκ³ 
05:18
and in all cases, cultural abuse,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 문화적 폭λ ₯으둜 κ³ ν†΅λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
as these schools were designed
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μ• μ΄ˆμ— 이 학ꡐ듀 μžμ²΄κ°€
05:21
to eliminate Indigenous language and culture.
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μ›μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 언어와 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό 말살할 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ μ•ˆλκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
05:24
The last residential school closed in 1996.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ κΈ°μˆ™ 학ꡐ가 문을 닫은 건 1996λ…„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
Until that time, 150,000 children or more attended residential schools
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κ·Έ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 15만 λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” 어린이듀이
μ „κ΅­μ˜ 139κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ™ ν•™κ΅λ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
at 139 institutions across the country.
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05:38
In 2007,
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2007λ…„,
05:40
the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement came into effect.
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μΈλ””μ•ˆ κΈ°μˆ™ 학ꡐ ν•©μ˜μ•ˆμ΄ λ°œνš¨λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
It's the largest class action lawsuit in Canadian history.
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ 역사상 κ°€μž₯ 큰 집단 μ†Œμ†‘μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
It set aside 60 million dollars
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λ°°μƒμ•‘μœΌλ‘œ 받은 6천만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λŠ”
05:49
for the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ 진싀과 ν™”ν•΄ μœ„μ›νšŒ(TRC)의 섀립에 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
The TRC gifted us with the ability to hear survivor stories,
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TRCλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒμ‘΄μžλ“€μ˜ 이야기와
곡동체와 κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ—κ²Œ 미친 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ“£κ³ 
05:59
to hear impacts on communities and families
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06:01
and to gain access to research
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κΈ°μˆ™ 학ꡐ가 원주민 곡동체와
06:04
that explored the full effect of residential schools
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ 전체에 미친 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•΄
06:08
on Indigenous communities and on Canada as a whole.
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연ꡬ할 수 μžˆλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
The TRC found that residential schools
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TRCλŠ” κΈ°μˆ™ ν•™κ΅λ“€μ—μ„œ
λ¬Έν™” 학살이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” ν–‰μœ„κ°€ ν–‰ν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
constituted what's called cultural genocide.
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06:17
They state that, "Physical genocide is the mass killing of the members
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TRCλŠ” "신체적 학살은 νŠΉμ • μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„
06:20
of a targeted group,
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λŒ€λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이고,
06:22
biological genocide is the destruction of that group's reproductive capacity.
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생물학적 학살은 κ·Έ μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ 생식 λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ§μ‚΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이며,
06:26
And cultural genocide is the destruction of those structures and practices
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그리고 문화적 ν•™μ‚΄μ΄λž€ ν•œ 집단을 κ·Έ μ§‘λ‹¨μ΄κ²Œν•˜λŠ”
06:30
that allow the group to continue as a group."
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ꡬ쑰와 관행을 λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€." 라고 λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
The stated goals of Duncan Campbell Scott.
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λ°”λ‘œ 던칸 캠벨 슀콧이 λͺ…μ‹œν•œ λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
So they find that it's cultural genocide,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 원주민 κΈ°μˆ™ 학ꡐ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ 문화적 ν•™μ‚΄λ‘œ μΈμ‹λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
although as children's author
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비둝 아동 λ¬Έν•™ μž‘κ°€μ΄μž
06:40
and a great speaker David Bouchard points out,
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 연섀가인 데이빗 λΆ€μƒ€λ“œκ°€ μ§€μ ν–ˆλ“―μ΄
06:45
when you build a building,
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건물을 지을 λ•Œ
06:46
and you build a cemetery next to that building,
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κ·Έ 건물에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ£½μ„κ±°λΌλŠ”κ±Έ μ•Œκ³ 
06:50
because you know the people going into that building are going to die,
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λΉŒλ”© λ°”λ‘œ μ˜†μ— κ³΅λ™λ¬˜μ§€λ₯Ό μ§€μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
06:54
what do you call that?
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달리 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν• μ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ.
06:58
The TRC also gifted us with 94 calls to action,
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TRCλŠ” 또 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 94가지 행동을 μ œμ•ˆν–ˆλŠ”λ°
07:02
beacons that can lead the way forward as we work to reconciliation.
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μ΄λŠ” ν™”ν•΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ°€μ•Ό ν•  길을 λ°ν˜€μ£ΌλŠ” λ“±λŒ€κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
Several of those pertain directly to language and culture.
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κ·Έ 쀑 λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€λŠ” μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 언어와 문화에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
The TRC calls us to ensure adequate, funded education,
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TRCλŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 언어와 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ
07:14
including language and culture.
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜κ³  μž¬μ •μ  지원을 λ°›λŠ” κ΅μœ‘μ„ 보μž₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ μš”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
To acknowledge Indigenous rights, including language rights.
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언어에 λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ›μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ˜ ꢌ리 인정을 μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
07:19
To create an Aboriginal Languages Act
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ν† μ°©μ–΄λ₯Ό μΈμ •ν•˜κ³  λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λ©° 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μžκΈˆμ„ μ§€μ›ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
07:21
aimed at acknowledging and preserving Indigenous languages,
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토착어에 λŒ€ν•œ 법λ₯  μ œμ •μ„ μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
with attached funding.
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07:26
To create a position for an Aboriginal Languages Commissioner
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ν† μ°©μ–΄ λ²•μ•ˆ μœ„μ› 자리λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
07:29
and to develop postsecondary language programs
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κ³ λ“± μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ ꡐ윑 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:32
as well as to reclaim place names that have been changed
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μ‹λ―Όμ§€ν™”λ‘œ 인해 바뀐 지λͺ…듀을
07:35
through the course of colonization.
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λ˜λŒλ¦¬λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯을 μš”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
At the same time as the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement
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μΈλ””μ•ˆ κΈ°μˆ™ 학ꡐ ν•©μ˜μ•ˆμ΄ 발효된 같은 μ‹œκΈ°μ—
07:42
came into effect,
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07:43
the United Nations adopted
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UN은 2007λ…„
07:45
the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People
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UN ν† μ°©λ―Ό ꢌ리 선언문을 μ±„νƒν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
in 2007.
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07:50
It states that Indigenous people have the right to establish and control
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이 선언문은 토착민이 μžμ‹ μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό
07:53
their own education systems and institutions
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각 λ¬Έν™”μ˜ ꡐ윑 및 ν•™μŠ΅μ— μ ν•©ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ΅μœ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
07:56
providing education in their own languages,
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μžμ‹ λ“€λ§Œμ˜ ꡐ윑 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό 학ꡐλ₯Ό
07:59
in a manner appropriate to their cultural methods
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μ„€λ¦½ν•˜κ³  μš΄μ˜ν•  κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λͺ…μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
of teaching and learning.
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08:04
In 2007,
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2007λ…„, 이 선언문이 λ°œνš¨ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμ μ—
08:05
when that was brought into effect,
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08:06
four countries voted against it.
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λ„€ 개의 κ΅­κ°€κ°€ λ°˜λŒ€ν‘œλ₯Ό λ˜μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
They were the United States, New Zealand, Australia
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λ―Έκ΅­, λ‰΄μ§ˆλžœλ“œ, 호주,
08:11
and Canada.
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그리고 μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ˜€μ£ .
08:13
Canada adopted the United Nations
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€λŠ” 2010년이 λΌμ„œμ•Ό
08:15
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People in 2010.
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UN ν† μ°©λ―Ό ꢌ리 선언문을 μ±„νƒν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
And in 2015, the government promised to bring it into effect.
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2015λ…„μ—” μ •λΆ€κ°€ 그것을 λ°œνš¨μ‹œν‚€κΈ°λ‘œ μ•½μ†ν–ˆμ£ .
08:23
So how are we collectively going to respond?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
08:29
Here's the situation that we're in.
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μ§€κΈˆ 상황은 μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
Of the 60 currently spoken Indigenous languages in Canada,
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ—μ„œ 아직 μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 60개의 토착어쀑에
08:35
all but six are considered endangered by the United Nations.
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μ—¬μ„― 개λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ UN의 λ©Έμ’…μœ„κΈ° μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ μ§€μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
So, the six that aren't are Cree, Anishinaabemowin,
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κ·Έ μ—¬μ„― κ°œλŠ” 크리어, μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄,
08:44
Stoney, Mi'kmaq,
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μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ–΄, 미크λ§₯μ–΄,
08:47
Dene and Inuktitut.
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데넀어, 그리고 μ΄λˆ„ν¬ν‹°νˆ¬νŠΈμ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
And that sounds really dire.
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ꡉμž₯히 μ‹¬κ°ν•˜μ£ .
08:52
But if you go on to the Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μœ λ„€μŠ€μ½” μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ— μžˆλŠ”
08:55
through the UNESCO website,
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세계 λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ° μ–Έμ–΄ 지도λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
08:58
you'll see a little "r" right next to that language right there.
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μ € μ–Έμ–΄ λ°”λ‘œ μ˜†μ— 쓰인 μž‘μ€ 'r'이 λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ .
09:01
That language is Mi'kmaq.
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λ°”λ‘œ 미크λ§₯μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
Mi'kmaq has undergone significant revitalization
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미크막은 ꡉμž₯히 ν™œλ°œνžˆ λ˜μ‚΄μ•„λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
because of the adoption of a self-government agreement
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 언어와 문화에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ ꡐ윑 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μš΄μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
09:08
that led to culture and language-based education,
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자치 ν˜‘μ•ˆμ΄ μ±„νƒλ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
and now there are Mi'kmaq children
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이제 미크λ§₯ 아이듀 μ€‘μ—μ„œλŠ”
09:12
who have Mi'kmaq as their first language.
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미크λ§₯μ–΄λ₯Ό 제 1μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 아이듀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
There's so much that we can do.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일은 정말 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
These children are students
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이 아이듀은
09:18
in the Mnidoo Mnising Anishinabek Kinoomaage,
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λ―€λ‹ˆλ‘ λ―€λ‹ˆμ‹± μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ²‘ ν‚€λˆ„λ§ˆκ²ŒλΌλŠ”
09:21
an immersion school on Manitoulin island,
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λ§ˆλ‹ˆν† μšΈλ¦° 섬에 μžˆλŠ” 이쀑 μ–Έμ–΄ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ
09:23
where they learn in Anishinaabemowin.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄λ‘œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
They arrived at school in junior kindergarten
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μœ μΉ˜μ› 닀닐 λ‚˜μ΄λ•Œ μ―€ 학ꡐ에 μ™”λŠ”λ°
09:28
speaking very little, if any, Anishinaabemowin.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² λͺ¨μœˆμ–΄λ₯Ό 거의 λͺ» ν–ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
09:30
And now, in grade three and grade four,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 3, 4학년이 된 μ§€κΈˆμ€
09:33
they're testing at intermediate and fluent levels.
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쀑급 λ˜λŠ” μœ μ°½ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 성적을 λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
At the same time,
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그리고 λ™μ‹œμ—
09:38
they have beautifully high self-esteem.
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높은 μžμ‘΄κ°μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:41
They are proud to be Anishinaabe people,
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ‹œλ‚˜λ² μΈμ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œν•˜κ³ 
09:43
and they have strong learning skills.
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λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ ν•™μŠ΅ λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°–κ³  있죠.
09:47
Not all education has to be formal education either.
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λͺ¨λ“  ꡐ윑이 κΌ­ 격식을 λ‹€ κ°–μΆ˜ κ΅μœ‘μ΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
09:50
In our local community,
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저희 κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ—λŠ”
09:51
we have the Kingston Indigenous Language Nest.
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ν‚ΉμŠ€ν„΄ ν† μ°©μ–΄ λ‘₯지(KILN)κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
KILN is an organization now,
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KILN은 ν˜„μž¬ 곡식 λ‹¨μ²΄μ§€λ§Œ
09:56
but it started six years ago with passionate community members
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사싀 6λ…„ μ „ λœ»μ„ 가진 곡동체 주민듀이
10:00
gathered around an elder's kitchen table.
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μž₯둜의 λΆ€μ—Œ 식탁에 λ‘˜λŸ¬μ•‰μ•„ μ‹œμž‘ ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
Since then, we have created weekend learning experiences
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κ·Έ 이후 μ €ν¬λŠ” 주말 ν•™μŠ΅ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
aimed at multigenerational learning,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ„ΈλŒ€μ— κ±Έμ³μ„œ
10:09
where we focus on passing language and culture on to children.
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언어와 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό 우리 아이듀에 λ¬Όλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 것이 λͺ©ν‘œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
We use traditional games, songs, foods and activities to do that.
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전톡 놀이, λ…Έλž˜, μŒμ‹, 그리고 ν™œλ™μ„ 톡해 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜μ£ .
10:16
We have classes
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μ΄κ³³μ—λŠ” μ΄ˆκΈ‰, μ€‘κΈ‰λ°˜ μˆ˜μ—…λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
at both the beginner and intermediate levels
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10:20
offered right here.
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10:21
We've partnered with school boards and libraries
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 학ꡐ μ΄μ‚¬νšŒ, λ„μ„œκ΄€κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜μ—¬
10:23
to have resources and language in place in formal education.
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정식 ꡐ윑 기관이 우리 언어에 λŒ€ν•œ 자료λ₯Ό κ°–μΆœ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
The possibilities are just endless,
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ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일은 λ¬΄κΆλ¬΄μ§„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
and I'm so grateful for the work that has been done
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μ €λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 이루어낸 일에 큰 감사함을 느끼고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
to allow me to pass language and culture on to my son
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μ œκ°€ 제 μ•„λ“€κ³Ό κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ
10:36
and to other children within our community.
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우리 언어와 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό 전달 ν•  수 있게 ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:39
We've developed a strong, beautiful, vibrant community as well,
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또 μ €ν¬λŠ” κ°•ν•˜κ³ , 아름닡고, ν™œκΈ°μ°¬ κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
as a result of this shared effort.
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λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
So what do we need moving forward?
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그러면 μ’€ 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 무엇이 ν•„μš”ν• κΉŒμš”?
10:49
First of all, we need policy.
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일단 첫째둜, 정책이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
We need enacted policy with attached funding
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자금 지원을 μˆ˜λ°˜ν•œ 정책이 μ œμ •λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
that will ensure that Indigenous language
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이 정책은 ν† μ°©μ–΄κ°€ κ΅μœ‘μ—
10:57
is incorporated meaningfully into education,
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의미 있게 ν¬ν•¨λ˜λ„λ‘ 보μž₯ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λ©°
11:00
both on and off reserve.
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μΈλ””μ•ˆ λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­ μ•ˆ 팎의 λͺ¨λ“  ꡐ윑 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ μš©λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
On reserve, education is funded at significantly lower levels
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μΈλ””μ•ˆ λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­ λ‚΄μ˜ κ΅μœ‘μ€ λΉ„ λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μ˜ 그것에 λΉ„ν•΄
11:05
than it is off reserve.
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지원 λ°›λŠ” 자금이 ν˜„μ €νžˆ μ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
And off reserve,
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ κ³³μ—μ„œλŠ”
11:08
Indigenous language education is often neglected,
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ν† μ°©μ–΄ ꡐ윑이 λ“±ν•œμ‹œ 될 λ•Œκ°€ λ§Žμ€λ°
11:11
because people assume
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­ λ°– ν•™κ΅μ—λŠ” 토착민이 없을 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 생각 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
that Indigenous people are not present in provincial schools,
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11:15
when actually, around 70 percent of Indigenous people in Canada today
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사싀 μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ˜ ν† μ°©λ―Ό μ•½ 70 νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλŠ”
11:18
live off reserve.
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ 곳에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°λ„ 말이죠.
11:20
Those children have equal right to access their language and culture.
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κ·Έ 아이듀도 μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 언어와 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό 배울 ꢌ리λ₯Ό λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
Beyond policy, we need support.
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μ •μ±… λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 지원이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
And that doesn't just mean financial support.
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μž¬μ •μ  μ§€μ›λ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
We need space where we can carry out activities,
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토착민이 μ•„λ‹Œ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Όλ„
11:33
classes and interaction with nonindigenous populations as well.
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같이 ν™œλ™ν•˜κ³ , μˆ˜μ—…ν•˜κ³ , ꡐλ₯˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 곡간이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
We need support
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이 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό 배우고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€, 그런 지지가 ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”.
11:41
that looks like people wanting to learn the language.
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11:43
We need support where people talk about why these languages are important.
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이 μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ μ™œ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 그런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ§€μ§€μš”.
11:48
And to achieve that, we need education.
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ꡐ윑이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
We need access to immersion education primarily,
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이쀑 μ–Έμ–΄ 학ꡐ에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Όν•΄μš”.
11:53
as that is most certainly the most effective way
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그것이 ν† μ°©μ–΄λ₯Ό μ „νŒŒν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
11:56
to ensure the transmission of Indigenous languages.
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κ°€μž₯ 효과적인 λ°©λ²•μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
11:58
But we also need education in provincial schools,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­ λ°– ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œμ˜ κ΅μœ‘λ„ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:01
we need education for the nonindigenous populations
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토착민듀이 μ•„λ‹Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ΅μœ‘μ„ 톡해
12:04
so that we can come to a better mutual understanding
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μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό 보닀 더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ 
12:06
and move forward in a better way together.
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ν•¨κ»˜ 더 λ‚˜μ€ λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
I have this quote hanging in a framed picture on my office wall.
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제 사무싀 벽의 μ•‘μžμ—λŠ” 이 문ꡬ가 κ±Έλ €μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
It was a gift from a settler ally student that I taught a few years ago,
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μ œκ°€ λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „ κ°€λ₯΄μ³€λ˜ 학생이 μ„ λ¬Όλ‘œ μ€€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
12:17
and it reminds me every day
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κ·Έ 문ꡬλ₯Ό λ³Ό λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜λ©΄
12:18
that we can achieve great things if we work together.
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λ§Žμ€ 것을 이룰 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μƒκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
But if we're going to talk about reconciliation,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν™”ν•΄λ₯Ό λ…Όν•˜κΈ°μ— μ•žμ„œ
12:25
we need to acknowledge
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λ¨Όμ € ν† μ°©λ―Όμ˜ 언어와 λ¬Έν™”κ°€
12:26
that a reconciliation that does not result
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살아남아 μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό
12:29
in the survivance and continuation of Indigenous languages and cultures
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κ°€μ Έμ˜€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 화해라면
12:33
is no reconciliation at all.
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μ§„μ •ν•œ ν™”ν•΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 사싀을 인지해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
It is assimilation,
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그건 λ¬Έν™”μ˜ 동화일 뿐이며
12:37
and it shouldn't be acceptable to any of us.
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μš©λ‚©ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:40
But what we can do is look to the calls to action,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것은 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
we can look to the United Nations Declaration
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UN의 ν† μ°©λ―Ό ꢌ리 선언문을 보고 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이해 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
on the Rights of Indigenous People
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이,
12:47
and we can come to a mutual understanding
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이 λ•… μœ„ ν† μ°©λ―Όλ“€μ˜ 언어적, 문화적 μœ μ‚°μ΄,
12:49
that what we have,
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12:50
in terms of linguistic and cultural heritage
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12:52
for Indigenous people in this country,
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보쑴할 λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
12:54
is worth saving.
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12:56
Based on that, we can step forward,
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
together,
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ν•¨κ»˜μš”.
ν† μ°©μ–΄κ°€ λŒ€λŒ€λ‘œ μ „ν•΄μ Έ
13:01
to ensure that Indigenous languages are passed on
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13:03
beyond 2050, beyond the next generation,
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2050년이 μ§€λ‚˜λ„, κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ—λ„,
13:06
into the next seven generations.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ 일곱 μ„ΈλŒ€κΉŒμ§€λ„ 전달 될 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
Miigwech. Niawen’kΓ³:wa. Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:12
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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