Medical tech designed to meet Africa's needs | Soyapi Mumba

40,493 views ใƒป 2018-02-04

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gichung Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gayun Kim
00:12
Like every passionate software engineer out there,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:16
I closely follow technology companies in Silicon Valley,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„
00:19
pretty much the same way soccer fans follow their teams in Europe.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ํŒ€์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
I read articles on tech blogs
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ๊ณ 
00:25
and listen to podcasts on my phone.
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ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์ฃ .
00:29
But after I finish the article,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์€ ๋’ค
00:30
lock my phone and unplug the headphones,
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ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ์ž ๊ทธ๊ณ , ํ—ค๋“œํฐ์„ ๋นผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
00:34
I'm back in sub-Saharan Africa,
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์ €๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
00:36
where the landscape is not quite the same.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
We have long and frequent power outages,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •์ „์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์žฆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:43
low penetration of computers,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์œจ๋„ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ 
00:45
slow internet connections
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋„ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:47
and a lot of patients visiting understaffed hospitals.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—์ด์ฆˆ ์œ ํ–‰ ์ดํ›„
00:52
Since the HIV epidemic,
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00:54
hospitals have been struggling to manage regular HIV treatment records
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๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์€ ์—์ด์ฆˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
for increasing volumes of patients.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
For such environments,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—
01:04
importing technology systems developed elsewhere has not worked,
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ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
but in 2006, I joined Baobab Health,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2006๋…„, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฐฅ ํ—ฌ์Šค์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
a team that uses locally based engineers
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ํ˜„์ง€์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ด
01:15
to develop suitable interventions
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์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ
01:17
that are addressing health care challenges in Malawi.
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๋ง๋ผ์œ„์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”
01:21
We designed an electronic health record system
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
that is used by health care workers while seeing patients.
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ง„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
And in the process we realized that we not only had to design the software,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„
01:33
we had to implement the infrastructure as well.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ์—ญ์‹œ ํ™•์ถฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
We don't have enough medical staff
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:38
to comprehensively examine every patient,
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ ๊ฒ€์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
so we embedded clinical guidelines within the software
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋‚ด์— ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
to guide nurses and clerks
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”.
01:47
who assist with handling some of the workload.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Everyone has a birthday,
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01:51
but not everyone knows their birthday,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ์•Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
so we wrote algorithms to handle estimated birthdates
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ผ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‹ค์ œ ์ƒ์ผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”.
01:58
as complete dates.
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02:00
How do we follow up patients living in slums
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:04
with no street and house numbers?
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€๋„ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
We used landmarks to approximate their physical addresses.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋žœ๋“œ๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Malawi had no IDs to uniquely identify patients,
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๋ง๋ผ์œ„์—๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:16
so we had to implement unique patient IDs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์œ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:19
to link patient records across clinics.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ‘์›์—๋„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:22
The IDs are printed as barcodes
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‡„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
02:26
on labels that are stuck on personal health booklets
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๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ฑ…์ž์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ
02:29
kept by each patient.
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ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
With this barcoded ID,
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ
์ธ์‹๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฐ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:33
a simple scan with a barcode reader
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02:35
quickly pulls up the patient's records.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋œจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
02:38
No need to rewrite their personal details
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์‹œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ข…์ด์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:40
on paper registers at every visit.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
And suddenly, queues became shorter.
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ, ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ค„์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:45
This meant patients, typically mothers with little children on their backs,
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์ด ๋ง์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค, ํŠนํžˆ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ์— ์—…์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด
02:50
had to spend less time waiting to be assisted.
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๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ ค ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
And if they lose their booklets,
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ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋„
02:55
their records can still be pulled by searching with their names.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Now, the way we pronounce and spell names varies tremendously.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
We freely mix R's and L's,
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R๊ณผ L์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์„ž์–ด์“ฐ๊ณค ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:07
English and vernacular versions of their names.
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์˜์–ด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„, ํ† ์†์–ด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Even soundex,
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์‚ฌ์šด๋ฑ์Šค๋„,
03:12
a standard method for grouping words by how similar they sound,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ๋ฐ
03:16
was not good enough.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
So we had to modify it
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:19
to help us link and match existing records.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”.
03:26
Before the iPhone,
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์•„์ดํฐ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „
03:28
software engineers developed for personal computers,
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์€ PC๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:31
but from our experience,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:33
we knew our power system is not reliable enough
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๋ง๋ผ์œ„์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด PC๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ
03:36
for personal computers.
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๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
So we repurposed touch screen point-of-sale terminals
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋งค์ ์—์„œ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ๋Š”
ํ„ฐ์น˜์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
03:43
that are meant for retail shops
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03:44
to become clinical workstations.
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์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
At the time, we imported internet appliances called i-Openers
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” i-์˜คํ”„๋„ˆ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
that were manufactured during the dot-com era
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๋‹ท์ปด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:56
by a failed US company.
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03:59
We modified their screens
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” i-์˜คํ”„๋„ˆ์Šค์˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์„ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•ด
04:01
to add touch sensors
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ํ„ฐ์น˜์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:02
and their power system to run from rechargeable batteries.
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์ถฉ์ „์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
When we started, we didn't find a reliable network to transmit data,
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:11
especially from rural hospitals.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‹œ๊ณจ ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”์š”.
04:14
So we built our own towers,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ์†ก์ „ํƒ‘์„ ์„ธ์› ๊ณ 
04:17
created a wireless network
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๋ฌด์„  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
04:19
and linked clinics in Lilongwe,
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๋ง๋ผ์œ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์ธ
๋ฆฌ๋กฑ์›จ์˜ ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
Malawi's capital.
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04:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:29
With a team of engineers
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์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
๋ณ‘์› ์บ ํผ์Šค์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:32
working within a hospital campus,
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04:34
we observed health care workers use the system
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:37
and iteratively build an information system
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—์ด์ฆˆ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”
04:40
that is now managing HIV records
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์ •๋ณด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
in all major public hospitals in Malawi.
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๋ง๋ผ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์—์„œ์š”.
04:47
These are hospitals serving over 2,000 HIV patients, each clinic.
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๊ฐ ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์€ 2000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—์ด์ฆˆ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Now, health care workers who used to spend days
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ฉฐ์น ์”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋˜
04:57
to tally and prepare quarterly reports
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ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ด
04:59
are producing the same reports within minutes,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
05:02
and health care experts from all over the world
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
05:06
are now coming to Malawi to learn how we did it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง๋ผ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:14
It is inspiring and fun
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์™€ ๋ฐœ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์€
05:16
to follow technology trends across the globe,
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๋ถ„๋ช… ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”, ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:19
but to make them work
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
05:21
in low-resourced environments
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
05:24
like public hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa,
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ™์ฒ™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
05:27
we have had to become jacks-of-all-trades
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
05:31
and build whole systems, including the infrastructure,
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05:34
from the ground up.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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