Frederic Kaplan: How I built an information time machine

78,548 views ใƒป 2014-01-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Surie Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gyu Won Lee
00:12
This is an image of the planet Earth.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
It looks very much like the Apollo pictures
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๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•„ํด๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์—์„œ
00:18
that are very well known.
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์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ํก์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
There is something different;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:21
you can click on it,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
and if you click on it,
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ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
00:24
you can zoom in on almost any place on the Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
For instance, this is a bird's-eye view
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:29
of the EPFL campus.
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EPFL ์บ ํผ์Šค์˜ ์กฐ๋ง๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
In many cases, you can also see
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:34
how a building looks from a nearby street.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
This is pretty amazing.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž์ง€์š”.
00:39
But there's something missing in this wonderful tour:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ์— ๋น ์ง„ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
It's time.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€์š”.
00:45
i'm not really sure when this picture was taken.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ดฌ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
I'm not even sure it was taken
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์กฐ๋ง๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—
00:49
at the same moment as the bird's-eye view.
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์ดฌ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
In my lab, we develop tools
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:57
to travel not only in space
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๊ณต๊ฐ„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:59
but also through time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
The kind of question we're asking is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:04
Is it possible to build something
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์ง€๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„
01:05
like Google Maps of the past?
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:07
Can I add a slider on top of Google Maps
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์ง€๋„ ์œ„์— ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:11
and just change the year,
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์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”
01:12
seeing how it was 100 years before,
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100 ๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€,
01:14
1,000 years before?
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1,000 ๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:16
Is that possible?
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:18
Can I reconstruct social networks of the past?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:20
Can I make a Facebook of the Middle Ages?
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์ค‘์„ธ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:23
So, can I build time machines?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:27
Maybe we can just say, "No, it's not possible."
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:30
Or, maybe, we can think of it from an information point of view.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
01:33
This is what I call the information mushroom.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Vertically, you have the time.
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์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋†“๊ณ ,
01:38
and horizontally, the amount of digital information available.
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์ˆ˜ํ‰์ถ•์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Obviously, in the last 10 years, we have much information.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10 ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:44
And obviously the more we go in the past, the less information we have.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
01:48
If we want to build something like Google Maps of the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์ง€๋„๋‚˜,
01:50
or Facebook of the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋ ค๋ฉด
01:52
we need to enlarge this space,
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์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:53
we need to make that like a rectangle.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
How do we do that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
01:57
One way is digitization.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
There's a lot of material available --
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
02:01
newspaper, printed books, thousands of printed books.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€์š”.
02:07
I can digitize all these.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
I can extract information from these.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Of course, the more you go in the past, the less information you will have.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ์ ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
02:15
So, it might not be enough.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
02:18
So, I can do what historians do.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ
02:20
I can extrapolate.
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
This is what we call, in computer science, simulation.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฌผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
If I take a log book,
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ํ•ญํ•ด์ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ
02:28
I can consider, it's not just a log book
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•œ ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์น˜์•„ ์„ ์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ•ญํ•ด์ผ์ง€๊ฐ€
02:30
of a Venetian captain going to a particular journey.
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์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
I can consider it is actually a log book
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„
02:35
which is representative of many journeys of that period.
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๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
02:37
I'm extrapolating.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
If I have a painting of a facade,
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ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:42
I can consider it's not just that particular building,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:44
but probably it also shares the same grammar
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์—
02:48
of buildings where we lost any information.
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๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:52
So if we want to construct a time machine,
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ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:55
we need two things.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
We need very large archives,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ์™€
02:59
and we need excellent specialists.
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด์ง€์š”.
03:02
The Venice Time Machine,
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'๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ '์ด
03:03
the project I'm going to talk to you about,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ,
03:05
is a joint project between the EPFL
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EPFL(๋กœ์ž”์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต)๊ณผ
03:08
and the University of Venice Ca'Foscari.
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ์นดํฌ์Šค์นด๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์™€์˜ ํ•ฉ์ž‘ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
There's something very peculiar about Venice,
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:13
that its administration has been
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ํ–‰์ •์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ
03:16
very, very bureaucratic.
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
They've been keeping track of everything,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
03:20
almost like Google today.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
At the Archivio di Stato,
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ด€์˜
03:25
you have 80 kilometers of archives
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80km ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ์—๋Š”
03:27
documenting every aspect
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์ฒœ ๋…„ ์ด์ƒ๋˜๋Š”
03:29
of the life of Venice over more than 1,000 years.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
You have every boat that goes out,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์˜
03:33
every boat that comes in.
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์ถœํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ž…ํ•ญ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:34
You have every change that was made in the city.
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๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
This is all there.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
03:40
We are setting up a 10-year digitization program
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์ด ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ์„
03:44
which has the objective of transforming
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:46
this immense archive
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10 ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„
03:47
into a giant information system.
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์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
The type of objective we want to reach
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 450 ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„
03:51
is 450 books a day that can be digitized.
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:56
Of course, when you digitize, that's not enough,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
because these documents,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ๋“ค์€
04:00
most of them are in Latin, in Tuscan,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด, ํˆฌ์Šค์นธ์–ด,
04:02
in Venetian dialect,
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฐฉ์–ธ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์–ด
04:04
so you need to transcribe them,
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์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฌธ์žํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:05
to translate them in some cases,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:07
to index them,
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๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
04:08
and this is obviously not easy.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
In particular, traditional optical character recognition method
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ธ์‹ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š”
04:14
that can be used for printed manuscripts,
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์ธ์‡„ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:16
they do not work well on the handwritten document.
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์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
So the solution is actually to take inspiration
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์–ด
04:22
from another domain: speech recognition.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์ฃ . ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์Œ์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
This is a domain of something that seems impossible,
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์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:27
which can actually be done,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ œํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
04:29
simply by putting additional constraints.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
If you have a very good model
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์–ธ์–ด์˜
04:33
of a language which is used,
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๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:35
if you have a very good model of a document,
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์ž˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜
04:37
how well they are structured.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:38
And these are administrative documents.
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ํ–‰์ • ๊ด€๋ จ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
They are well structured in many cases.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
04:42
If you divide this huge archive into smaller subsets
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ์„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ
04:45
where a smaller subset actually shares similar features,
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์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:48
then there's a chance of success.
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์Œ์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
If we reach that stage, then there's something else:
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์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
we can extract from this document events.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:00
Actually probably 10 billion events
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 100์–ต ๊ฑด์˜
05:03
can be extracted from this archive.
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And this giant information system
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์†์„
05:06
can be searched in many ways.
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๋’ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:08
You can ask questions like,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
05:09
"Who lived in this palazzo in 1323?"
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"1323๋…„์— ์ด ์ €ํƒ์—๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•˜์ง€?"
05:12
"How much cost a sea bream at the Realto market
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"1434๋…„์— ๋ฆฌ์•Œํ†  ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฐธ๋”์€
05:14
in 1434?"
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์–ผ๋งˆ์˜€์ง€?"
05:16
"What was the salary
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"๋Œ€๋žต ์‹ญ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
05:18
of a glass maker in Murano
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ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ผ๋…ธ์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ œ์กฐ์ž๊ฐ€
05:20
maybe over a decade?"
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๋ฒˆ ๋ˆ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜€์„๊นŒ?"๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
You can ask even bigger questions
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ '์‹œ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์›น ๊ธฐ์ˆ '(์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ)์„
05:22
because it will be semantically coded.
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
And then what you can do is put that in space,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ป์€ ๋‹ต์€ 4์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:27
because much of this information is spatial.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ •๋ณด ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ 4์ฐจ์›์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
And from that, you can do things like
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ฒœ ๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
05:31
reconstructing this extraordinary journey
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŒŒ๊ดด ์—†์ด ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ•ด์˜ค๋ฉฐ
05:33
of that city that managed to have a sustainable development
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์ค„๊ณง ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ
05:37
over a thousand years,
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์˜
05:39
managing to have all the time
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰์„
05:41
a form of equilibrium with its environment.
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์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
You can reconstruct that journey,
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๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
05:45
visualize it in many different ways.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
But of course, you cannot understand Venice if you just look at the city.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
You have to put it in a larger European context.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”(ๆฑŽ)์œ ๋Ÿฝ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
So the idea is also to document all the things
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ธฐํš์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
05:56
that worked at the European level.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
We can reconstruct also the journey
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ•ด์ƒ ์™•๊ตญ์ด
06:00
of the Venetian maritime empire,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์•„๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:02
how it progressively controlled the Adriatic Sea,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ตœ๊ฐ•์˜
06:05
how it became the most powerful medieval empire
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์ค‘์„ธ ์™•๊ตญ์ด ๋˜์–ด
06:09
of its time,
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๋™์—์„œ ๋‚จ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š”
06:10
controlling most of the sea routes
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ญ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ขŒ์ง€์šฐ์ง€ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:13
from the east to the south.
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์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
But you can even do other things,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
because in these maritime routes,
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์ด ํ•ญํ•ด๋กœ์—๋Š”
06:21
there are regular patterns.
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์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:23
You can go one step beyond
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
06:26
and actually create a simulation system,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ,
06:28
create a Mediterranean simulator
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
which is capable actually of reconstructing
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์นœ ์ •๋ณด๊นŒ์ง€
06:33
even the information we are missing,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ
06:36
which would enable us to have questions you could ask
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์—ฌํ–‰ ์ผ์ •ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์งœ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:39
like if you were using a route planner.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
"If I am in Corfu in June 1323
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"1323๋…„ 6์›”์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‘ธ์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:45
and want to go to Constantinople,
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์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋…ธํ”Œ์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:47
where can I take a boat?"
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์–ด๋””์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?"
06:49
Probably we can answer this question
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
06:51
with one or two or three days' precision.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์‚ฌํ˜ ์•ˆ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
"How much will it cost?"
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"๋น„์šฉ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋‚˜์š”?"
06:57
"What are the chance of encountering pirates?"
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"ํ•ด์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?"
07:00
Of course, you understand,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
07:02
the central scientific challenge of a project like this one
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋„์ „์€
07:05
is qualifying, quantifying and representing
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๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋งˆ๋‹ค
07:09
uncertainty and inconsistency at each step of this process.
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
There are errors everywhere,
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๋„์ฒ˜์— ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
errors in the document, it's the wrong name of the captain,
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์„ ์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€,
07:17
some of the boats never actually took to sea.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญํ•ด์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ .
07:20
There are errors in translation, interpretative biases,
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ์—๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€, ์ถ”๋ก ์—๋„ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:25
and on top of that, if you add algorithmic processes,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:29
you're going to have errors in recognition,
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์ธ์‹์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋‚˜
07:32
errors in extraction,
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์ธ์šฉ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋งˆ์ € ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—
07:34
so you have very, very uncertain data.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:38
So how can we detect and correct these inconsistencies?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:42
How can we represent that form of uncertainty?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:45
It's difficult. One thing you can do
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ . ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
07:47
is document each step of the process,
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:50
not only coding the historical information
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ง€์‹์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”
07:52
but what we call the meta-historical information,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€-์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ 
07:55
how is historical knowledge constructed,
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๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ณผ์ •์„
07:58
documenting each step.
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์ผ์ผ์ด ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
That will not guarantee that we actually converge
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํŠน์ • ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜
08:01
toward a single story of Venice,
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
08:04
but probably we can actually reconstruct
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
08:06
a fully documented potential story of Venice.
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์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Maybe there's not a single map.
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์ง€๋„๋Š” ์•„์˜ˆ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:10
Maybe there are several maps.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
The system should allow for that,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ–ˆ๋˜
08:15
because we have to deal with a new form of uncertainty,
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ค„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:17
which is really new for this type of giant databases.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
And how should we communicate
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ณผ
08:24
this new research to a large audience?
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์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:28
Again, Venice is extraordinary for that.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ ์—์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
With the millions of visitors that come every year,
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๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ์—
08:33
it's actually one of the best places
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ
08:35
to try to invent the museum of the future.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Imagine, horizontally you see the reconstructed map
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋„์— ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:41
of a given year,
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์žฌํ˜„๋œ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
08:42
and vertically, you see the document
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์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์žฌํ˜„์„ ๋„์šด
08:45
that served the reconstruction,
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๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ’ˆ์„
08:47
paintings, for instance.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Imagine an immersive system that permits
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋„์˜ ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:53
to go and dive and reconstruct the Venice of a given year,
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๋ชฐ์ž…๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:56
some experience you could share within a group.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
08:59
On the contrary, imagine actually that you start
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ, ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜
09:01
from a document, a Venetian manuscript,
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ํ•œ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
09:04
and you show, actually, what you can construct out of it,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ 
09:07
how it is decoded,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„๋˜๊ณ 
09:08
how the context of that document can be recreated.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ๋“ค์ด ์žฌํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:11
This is an image from an exhibit
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์€
09:13
which is currently conducted in Geneva
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
09:15
with that type of system.
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
So to conclude, we can say that
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
09:19
research in the humanities is about to undergo
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
09:23
an evolution which is maybe similar
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์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณผํ•™์ด 30๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
09:24
to what happened to life sciences 30 years ago.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
It's really a question of scale.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
We see projects which are
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์€
09:37
much beyond any single research team can do,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฒ…์ฐฌ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
and this is really new for the humanities,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด๋‚˜
09:43
which very often take the habit of working
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๊ณ ์ž‘ ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋ผ๋ฆฌ
09:47
in small groups or only with a couple of researchers.
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์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
When you visit the Archivio di Stato,
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
09:53
you feel this is beyond what any single team can do,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•œ ํŒ€์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ณ 
09:56
and that should be a joint and common effort.
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ํ•™๊ณ„ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
So what we must do for this paradigm shift
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
10:03
is actually foster a new generation
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ค€๋น„๋œ
10:05
of "digital humanists"
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"๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์ž"์ธ
10:06
that are going to be ready for this shift.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œก์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
I thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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